Navegando por Assunto "Ecologia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da ocorrência de peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais na costa leste da Ilha de Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-01) SOUSA, Maura Elisabeth Moraes de; FERNANDES, Marcus Emanuel Barroncas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8943067124521530
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aves da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós: composição, distribuição ecológica e efeitos da exploração madeireira de baixo impacto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) HENRIQUES, Luiza Magalli Pinto; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cantos da floresta: temáticas indígenas na produção de canção popular de artistas da amazônia brasileira (1988-1992)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-30) COSTA, Jessica Maria de Queiroz; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264
This research investigates themes related to indigenous peoples in the production of popular songs by Nilson Chaves (PA), Raízes Caboclas (AM) and Trio Roraimeira (RR), artistas from the Amazon, between 1988 and 1992. Period in which discussions about a new Constitution were extremely important, with indigenous peoples as one of the main characters in that context. At the same time, the environmental debate took place in Brazil, due to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or popularly called “ECO-92”, held in the city of Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. The objective of this study arises due to the constant uses of these Amazonian artists to indigenous references to affirm an Amazonian identity through their musical works. It was a moment of intense environmental and sociopolitical discussion, since there was an alert to the defense and affirmation of several themes in the construction process of the new Federal Constitution, such as the protection of the environment, indigenous right and duties, labor rights and others. In this sense, there is a raise in the search for indigenuos themes due to this context. To this end, the research focused mainly on searching newspapers from the states of these mentioned artists, such as Diário do Pará (PA), Jornal do Commercio (AM) and Folha de Boa Vista (RR), between 1988 and 1992. In addition, interviews were conducted with Nilson Chaves (PA), Celdo Braga (AM) and Eliakin Rufino from Trio Roraimeira (RR) to compare information and understand their trajectories as artists and their envolvement with indigenous demands and agendas. The study of the songs and trajectories of these artists allows the understanding of approaches that reinforce and/or reconstruct conceptions about indigenous peoples in the Amazonian musical scenario, depending on sociopolitical and cultural intererests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas de peixes do estuário do Rio Quatipuru - Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-25) SILVA, Potira Fernandes e; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
In Quatipuru Estuary, located in Northeast Pará two campaigns were carried out in dry season (November/2009) and rainy season (May/2010) with spatial and nictemeral collections. Larvae were collected using a plankton net, conical, with 60 cm mouth opening, 1.80 m long and 500 m mesh opening. The samples were screened and identified as to their stage of larval development and species level, some typed. The family Clupeidae was the most abundant in drags spatial-temporal in dry season and Scianidae (Cynoscion acoupa) characterized the rainy season. In dry season, were observed low density, highest value 8.50 ind./m³ (Clupeidae sp.3) and the lowest value 0.06 ind./m³ (Engraulididae sp.2). In the Quatipuru Estuary 65% of the larvae at the stage of pre-flexion, flexion 25% and 10% post-flexion. In rainy season were observed 64% in pre-flexion, flexion 14% and 22% in post-flexion. In cluster analysis (mode Q) distinguished two main groups according to the seasonal site, so R did not distinguish between major groups and the association of species. According Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the first two axes explained 82% of data variance, a trend can be observed according to the distribution of species richness. In nictemeral drag, the Clupeidae family was mean larval density in dry season (Clupeidae sp.1), and Scianidae family best characterized in rainy season (Cynoscion acoupa). Also very low density, the higher value of 2.96 ind./m³ during the rainy season and the lowest 0.01 ind./m³ in the dry season. During the dry season were 57% in the stage of preflexion, 26% flexion and 17% in post-flexion, since the rainy season 11% in pre-flexion, 38% flexion and 51% in post-flexion. The Q mode cluster analysis also distinguishes two groups according to seasonality (dry/rainy), the R mode also did not distinguish between major groups regarding the association of its kind. In PCA. the shaft 01 is responsible for 70% directly related to the richness and density of organisms, a tendency was observed of distribution according to species occurrence in the horizontal direction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composition of shrimp populations (Crustacea: Decapoda) in non-vegetated areas of two river islands in a Brazilian Amazon estuary
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12) NÓBREGA, Priscila Sousa Vilela da; SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto
This study investigates the shrimp found in non-vegetated areas of an estuary of the Amazon River. We ascertained the input of juveniles, species' biometrics and the influence of environmental factors on the abundance of species. The samples were collected monthly, from August 2006 to July 2007, in two places in the estuary, each next to an island. For collecting, we used a manual trawl to perform three hauls per month, totaling 36 samples per site. The abundance of shrimps was estimated as a function of the density of specimens per unit area. We used the Spearman's correlation to test the hypothesis that there is significant correlation between the average of the environmental variables measured and variations in shrimp density. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests showed that there were significant differences in environment factors (temperature and salinity) among the months and sites. We obtained 6,091 shrimps, from which 5,231 (85.88%) were caught off the Arapiranga Island and 860 (14.12%) off the Mosqueiro Island, Palaemonidae and Penaeidae were the only families recorded. Five species were collected: Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948, Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), and Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967). The latter (pink shrimp) was found for the first time in oligohaline environments (0-8). Macrobrachium amazonicum was the most abundant species. The recruitment of M. amazonicum juveniles was continuous throughout the year. The population of M. surinamicum was composed by juveniles and adults and that of F. subtilis exclusively by juveniles. The environmental factors analyzed were variable throughout the year and seem to explain the patterns of shrimp species occurrence in the region, the variation in their abundance and juvenile recruitment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consistência e uso das informações sobre ameaça no processo participativo de indicação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-27) CASTRO, Rodrigo Baia; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Despite academic progress, planning for conservation has failed in performing actions that prioritize biodiversity conservation. New strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of conservation plans, including the realization of decision-making processes with broad participation, facilitate social acceptance of the shares. This article analyzes how information about the threats were used in the decision-making for indicating priority areas for the conservation of the Amazon, in the coordination of the Brazilian Government in 2006 process. First we verified the consistency of information on threats attributed to new areas indicated, and then assess whether the existence, levels and types of threats defined by the participants influenced the indication areas for conservation. The results show that there have been some successes in recognition of threats, but also some inconsistencies, especially in assigned levels and types of low intensity threats such as fishing. The decision making process is also not fully used this information for the indication of areas for conservation. The lack of information about the motivations of these inconsistencies leave no doubt as to the presence of political opportunism, but point out that the participatory process should be allocated a larger effort to combine the participatory decision support systems process in order to generate a priority order more quantitative and less dependent on the individual selection of the participants, to reflect more directly to actual emergency deployment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A efetividade das unidades de conservação e das terras indígenas na contenção do desflorestamento na Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) NUNES, Tássia do Socorro Serra; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
Was investigated the effectiveness of the Conservation Units of Integral Protection, Conservation Units of Sustainable Use and Indigenous Lands in the inhibition of deforestation in the Amazon. Data analysis was processed in GIS (Geographic Information System) in ArcGIS 9.3. The statistical model developed to test the effectiveness of Protected Areas was based on the difference between the observed deforestation in Protected Areas and deforestation in Protected Areas estimated from the surrounding five kilometers and ten kilometers of Protected Areas. It was found that in forest area by the year 2007, the Protected Areas occupy approximately 40% of the Amazon. Conservation Units of Integral Protection occupied 7.5% of the Amazon, Conservation Units of Sustainable Use occupied 11.2% of the Amazon and Indigenous Lands occupied 21% of the Amazon. Was a significant difference in the proportion of area occupied by the types of Protected Areas among the Amazonian states. It was noted also that the internal rate of deforestation in the Conservation Units of Integral Protection and in the Indigenous Lands was lower than in the Conservation Units of Sustainable Use. The internal rate of deforestation in the Protected Areas was much lower than the rate of deforestation is external to these areas in the states of Mato Grosso, Para and Rondonia. According to the statistical model of effectiveness, 62.3% of the Protected Areas studied were effective in containing the deforestation. This model is an important instrument to direct public policy planning for the conservation of the Amazon, because it indicates the protected areas most threatened by deforestation. It is essential to establish urgently the creation of more Protected Areas in the Amazon and the consolidation of existing protected areas, since it is not known how long these areas will be able to maintain without the minimum necessary for their support.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estruturação da comunidade de odonata (insecta) na Amazônia Oriental: efeitos espaciais, ambientais e morfológicos em igarapés íntegros e alterados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-04) OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, José Max Barbosa de; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fungos poróides (Agaricomycetes) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã: fenologia e relação com o substrato, topografia e fatores micrometeorológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-30) MEDEIROS, Priscila Sanjuan de; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This study was conducted in one of the sites of Amazon Biodiversity Program (PPBio) located in the Caxiuanã National Forest (PA) and aimed to present the poroid fungi with emphasis on new record, analyze the relationship of these fungi with the woody substrate and to examine the association between micrometeorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) for one year, in relation to environmental variables, produced by topography, with richness, density, and phenology of these fungi. Were identified 76 species of poroid fungi, distributed in 27 genera and 5 families. The species Cerrena sclerodepsis, Phellinus dependens and Trametes pavonia represent the first records for the Pará state. Microporellus iguazuensis is mentioned for the first time in Brazil and presents the proposal of a new species to science, called Microporellus hirsuta. Most of the species was considered rare and showed preference for substrates in the early decomposition stages. The number of occurrences of basidiomata and fungi species was higher on the stem of the families plants Caesalpinaceae, Sapotaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae and Lecythidaceae, respectively, and at substrate with a smaller diameter. It was expected that differences in microclimate generated by different altitudes, in a short topographic gradient, were sufficient to generate differences in the poroid fungal community. However, although it was found a greater number of species in a region called the intermediate, this difference was not significant. The largest number of individuals was found in the first rains and the richness is positively correlated with rainfall. The activity index of basidioma production of the abundant species was higher during the first rains after the dry period. This study represents an advance in understanding the relationships of the fungi with the environment in which they grow, mainly in tropical regions, but many studies still need to be developed to clarify these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
História natural e ecologia das serpentes da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã e áreas adjacentes, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The search for patterns of community structure and composition is essential to provide information which allows the sustained management of species populations and monitoring of antropic activities. Despite the fact that Neotropical region harbors an enormous diversity of species and complex ecological interactions, very little information is available on snake assemblages. Therefore, the processes responsible for community organization are not well understood. In Brazil, several studies were conducted to analyze the factors responsible for the patterns of distribution and interactions among snake species. In order to identify the factors that determine those patterns and which affinities (ecological and or historical) those species share, a study of the local taxocenose of snakes was performed in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and adjacent areas, from 2005 to 2006. Four sampling methods were used employed: time constrained search, local collectors, incidental encounters, and pitfall traps with drift fences, in five areas (IBAMA and Caquajó in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã; Marinaú, Enseada and Mojuá located in adjacent areas to the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã). A total of 378 specimens of snakes within five families, 35 genera and 50 species were registered. Considering the records of species obtained in this study and those from previous studies, the local number of snake species increases from 63 to 69 species. The methods that best revealed the number of individuals were time constrained search (199/378) and local collectors (159/378). Incidental encounters (11/378) and pitfall traps with drift fences (9/378) were less representative. The estimated richness (Jackknife 1) from PLT data was 56 (+or– 4) species. The composition of snake species in the studied area shows higher similarity with taxocenoses of other Amazon areas. Most abundant species, as revealed by time constrained searches, were Imantodes cenchoa, Corallus hortulanus and Leptodeira annulata. All methods showed Bothrops atrox, Imantodes cenchoa and Corallus hortulanus as most representative. The areas under high antropic pressures located out of the National Forest showed lower abundance and richness when compared to protected areas in there. Nine potentially specialist species were recorded: Lachesis muta (small mammals), Atractus schach (earthworms), Dipsas catesbyi (mollusks), Helicops trivitatus and Hydrops triangularis (fish), Siphlophis compressus (lizards), Xenopholis scalaris, Taeniophallus brevirostris (anuran) and Tantilla melanocephala (centipedes). The items most frequently consumed were lizards, anurans and small mammals. The snake species primary or exclusively diurnal represent the larger percentage. Most species analyzed present non seasonal reproductive period, possibly as a result of no significant differences in the mean temperature throughout the year. The taxocenose of snake species in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and neighboring areas is formed by groups of species that share similar patterns of feeding and daily activities. Besides several ecological factors such as temperature and pluviometric averages and biome structure, historical factors (such as morphological adaptations of snake species) influence on sbake taxocenose composition in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and adjacent areas. Thus, more studies on the ecology and natural history of snakes must be continuously conducted in order to characterize novel patterns of distribution of snake species in different biomes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O peixe boi da Amazônia no baixo Javari, AM - Brasil: conhecimento local, uso de habitat e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-19) PANTOJA, Tatyanna Mariucha de Araujo; KENDALLl, Sarita; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Trichechus inunguis plays an important role in food webs and dynamics of water bodies where it lives. It’s ecological importance has not stopped the species from suffering a intense process of hunting despite the legal protection since the decade of 60. The observation of the occurrence of the species in parts of the Javari and Quixito rivers, near the county of Atalaia do Norte, and the registers of hunting events in the region led this research. The research aimed to carry out a study on aspects of local knowledge, habitat use and conservation of T. inunguis in order to support the definition of strategies for their conservation in the lower Javari region, Amazonas, Brazil. The first chapter aimed to compare local knowledge and documented scientific knowledge of the Amazon Manatee. In order to achieve this, interviews were conducted with riverine residents of Atalaia do Norte municipality, or communities or isolated houses along stretches of the Javari river, Itacoaí and Quixito. 50 interviews were conducted covering topics as morphology, metabolism and age, breathing, feeding and migration, breeding and intraspecific interactions. The content of the Compared Cognition Tables (CCT) resulted in an average adhesion value of 0.6. This result demonstrates that it is possible to recognize in reports and utterances of the study population, the existence of cognitive codes perfectly capable of dialoguing with scientific knowledge, indicating the possibility of collective construction of measures geared toward the conservation of the species. The second chapter aimed to investigate local knowledge on the occurrence sites of the species. For a year a sampling was conducted at excerpts from Javari rivers, Quixito and Itacoaí to investigate the suitability of using this type of knowledge on measures directed to the study of the species in the wild. In addition, the study has looked to investigate the effect of environmental variables related to the occurrence of T. inunguis in the study area. Therefore, we use Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to model the distribution of T. inunguis using presence and absence data in sites located within the study area and its relation with variables of environmental and anthropogenic order. We recognize, based on the observed results, the potential of local knowledge about the occurrence sites (detection success rate of occurrence of the sites listed as of the occurrence of the species evidence was 37.66%, in contrast to 1.43 % of sites listed as non-occurrence of the manatee). Therefore consider their owners as key elements in the development of ecological studies of the species, and that should be incorporated into protective actions to these animals. The variable components of the model built (EVD ~ SIT + LARG + DIST.ATN + COM + EMB1 + FLOR.ALAG) validate its objective basis. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that the methodology is capable of replication in similar cases. Still, recommendations regarding data collection bearing in mind the intrinsic features of each variable analyzed (geographical configuration of the sampled rivers, use that animals do the flooded forest, effect of sightings closest communities) are made to maximize potential the use of explanatory models the occurrence of the species, thereby creating greater biological reliability of results. The third chapter raised the species mortality data and studied the perception of the region bordering population on it’s conservation. Individuals contacted for the first component of the study were applied questions about the animals, their relationships with other species, the mythical body of knowledge about the species, their uses, the risks to which it is subject, and the threat of its extinction. A survey was done (by direct observation, participant or not) on mortality of manatees in the study area, and the various causes of deaths recorded. To analyze the perception we used the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS). Mortality data were recorded and analyzed descriptively. Impressions beforehand to the questions were mostly positive (73%), and even the negative (27%) can base discussions on conservation actions regionally. The data on the risks and T. inunguis mortality brings evidence that the hunting of these animals still occurs materially and locally and this is an aspect that requires further studies in this regard. Studies are recommended regarding population ecology and dynamics of species populations in the area, under the action of an additional source of mortality: the hunting factor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade ambiental, distribuição e densidade do mesozooplâncton do estuário de Guajará-Miri, Vigia de Nazaré, NE do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-03) RAMOS, Caio Aguiar Rodrigues; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de índices bióticos para avaliação da qualidade ecológica d’água e integridade de igarapés amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) PAES, Gerson Rosivan de Lima; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995
Freshwater aquatic ecosystems are important in ecological, social and economic aspects, and benthic macroinvertebrates are extremely important for maintaining the structure and functioning of these ecosystems. In this sense, some studies relate agricultural production, especially those based on monocultures, to negative impacts on the ecosystems where they are installed, resulting in environmental degradation and deterioration of natural resources. Thus, the study investigates the ecological quality of water and the integrity of streams in oil palm cultivation areas. Using the application of biotic and abiotic indices, such as genus richness, BMWP, ASPT and HII, and also the application of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to detect environmental changes. The results demonstrate a high richness of EPT taxa, measuring good ecological water quality in the streams, confirmed by the BMWP and ASPT analyses. The GLM model showed negative relationships between temperature and taxon richness and BMWP, and a positive relationship between BMWP and HII. In conclusion, the results support the view that the joint use of indices (biotic and abiotic) offers a broader approach to the assessment of aquatic ecosystems, helping to understand the health and integrity of these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de índices bióticos para avaliação da qualidade ecológica d’água e integridade de igarapés amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) PAES, Gerson Rosivan de Lima; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995
Freshwater aquatic ecosystems are important in ecological, social and economic aspects, and benthic macroinvertebrates are extremely important for maintaining the structure and functioning of these ecosystems. In this sense, some studies relate agricultural production, especially those based on monocultures, to negative impacts on the ecosystems where they are installed, resulting in environmental degradation and deterioration of natural resources. Thus, the study investigates the ecological quality of water and the integrity of streams in oil palm cultivation areas. Using the application of biotic and abiotic indices, such as genus richness, BMWP, ASPT and HII, and also the application of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to detect environmental changes. The results demonstrate a high richness of EPT taxa, measuring good ecological water quality in the streams, confirmed by the BMWP and ASPT analyses. The GLM model showed negative relationships between temperature and taxon richness and BMWP, and a positive relationship between BMWP and HII. In conclusion, the results support the view that the joint use of indices (biotic and abiotic) offers a broader approach to the assessment of aquatic ecosystems, helping to understand the health and integrity of these environments.