Navegando por Assunto "Ecologia da paisagem"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos neotectônicos e ecologia da paisagem em parte da área dos municípios do NE do estado do Pará (Tucurui, Baião, Breu Branco, Goianésia, Moju e Tailândia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-10-30) SOUZA, Francileide de Fátima Rocha; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
This work inside investigated the aspects of the landscape and geologic and geomorphological evidences of the neotectonic context in the region that understands the Tucurui Cities until Thailand (Pará). In this region the incidence of neotectonics processes was responsible for the generation of structures, sedimentary sequences, standards of draining net (Basin of the Tocantins River) and relief System. For execution of this study had been used Landsat ETM+ images for the digital processing in platform ENVI 4,0, digital Models of rise supplied by the SRTM/NASA and images of radar SAR analysis of the relief, draining and recognition of the lineaments expressives, analogical bases elaboration of cartographic bases in environment ArcGIS 9.1. The Analysis of the relief, in the investigated area, allowed to identify as genetic groups: ) Group of Degradation - Constituted of System of Mountain ranges (Mountain range of the Trucará) with flattened topos of amplitude varying between 253 and 290 meters, System of Mounts with angular topos up to 180 meters and Colinoso System with 0 amplitude varying it enters m (base level) up to 120 meters, which constitute most of the paisagística expression; b) Group of Agradação - Englobando Aluvial Plain Systems and System of Fluvial Terraces. These systems are shown with geometrias whose joints if give through the installation of discontinuities, characterizing morfoestrutural compartimentação. The integration of the data, deriving of the analysis of the relief, as well as the characterization of the anomalies of draining and the discontinuities, allowed to the recognition of "landorfms" elementary schools tectonics associates the beams of guided lineaments the E-W, NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S. The joint enters beams of neotectonics imperfections gives way to define one extensional romboedro to south of the parallel 3030"S. The romboedral structure is defined by the arrangement between beams of guided discontinuities to NW-SE, with symmetrical trend and apparent transtensive nature and guided beams of discontinuities the E-W, to the center of the area, with probable dominant component "strike-slip". This geometry is cut by to complicate structures guided to NE-SW. Three main beams of guided discontinuities the N-S affect the inquiry area, and represent "landforms" elementary schools tectonics with extensional trend. These structures had been interpreted as decurrent of the reactivation of the Cinturão Araguaia. They are organized in an anti-symmetrical structure with dominant diving for East and in the height of the meridian 49038W they seem to have strong bond with the tracing of the Tocantins River and imposes fort has controlled to the quaternary deposits. The draining net adjusts it to these standards of structural tropia readily, which answer for the presence of anomalous feições as arcs and elbows, and for the installation of standards in treliça, with strong asymmetry, some partially interpreted as treliça of imperfection. Morfogênese of the area in appraise, in that it concerns to its tectônics aspects was admitted as tied to the performance of a binary guided dextral the E-W, fruit of the dynamics established for the current phase of drift of the American South Plate for West.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia da paisagem da ilha do Mosqueiro, NE do estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06) SALES, Gil Mendes; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
This work investigated the physical parameters of the model of landscape of the Island of the Mosqueiro, in the Northeast of the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, using itself of investigative strategies that allowed insertions in the ambient order. In this chance the activities in the area of the geoprocessing. In the ambient context had been privileged this work present products of integration and other unknown ones whose idea is of instrumentalizer the local governmental politics, aiming at to contribute for improvement of the relation of the model of antropic occupation of the landscape versus maintenance of the quality and ambient preservation, in view of the necessity of if establishing a structure of adequate development to the current scenes. The importance of the District of Mosqueiro for Belém is unquestionable. Its history and tourist potential are peculiar; beyond the one that the island if establishes as important component to the social life, artistic, cultural and sporting of the majority of the population that composes the great Belém. To the long one of the time, the Island of the Mosqueiro was scene of many landscapes transformations. The performance of litologics, pedologics local factors as to those of order, of relief and, more recently, antropics, is used to explain the current arrangement of the landscape. In this direction the ecology of the landscape is presented as important boarding integrator for the search for the agreement of the Neogenic evolution. Inside of the flowing varied ones of studies on the shaped one of the landscape, it was opted to multitemporaly evaluating the evolution of the systems natural and constructed (landscape diversity), as well as the unknown application of metric of the landscape quantifying the current landscape situation and its possible future ambient impacts, ahead of the current strategies of occupation. Moreover, it searched integration of different variable as the ground, geology, geomorphology, neotectonic and the vegetal covering and use of the land of the Island of the Mosqueiro, for the attainment of the vulnerable areas the processes that are inserted in the dynamics of the same one, the example of the erosion. Thus, in the conduction of this research in the Island of the Mosqueiro the application sources had involved: geoprocessing; digital processing of images; metric of the landscape; and statistics and algebra of maps. The primordial data to this work had been: images of the Landsat satellite; deriving cartographic products of the aerophotogrammetry survey of Belém-PA; map of detailed ground survey; geology map; and information collected in field. The applicatory ones used for the attainment of the results had been the following ones: SPRING (version 4.0/Windows); ARCVIEW (version 3.3/Windows); SURFER (version 8.0); and FRAGSTATS (version 3.0). Amongst the main results reached in the study of the landscape of the Island of the Mosqueiro, they are distinguished: maps that portray the occupation dynamics (multitemporal analysis); space analysis of the current landscape structure (application of metric of the landscape); evaluation of geomorphology changes; framework current of the tectonic regimen (tectonics imperfections); and, finally, the map of vulnerability to the erosion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da fragmentação e o isolamento da paisagem na riqueza e composição de espécies de lagartos no Reservatório de Tucuruí, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-29) LIMA, Crisalda de Jesus dos Santos; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
Appear of many studies published in tropical regions showing the effect on forest fragmentation and landscape isolation in biotic communities most studies have been made in continental regions. The impact of fragmentation and isolation of landscape in hydroelectric artificial reservoir are still poorly studies in the Amazonian. This study was done in island forest remain fragments created by the construction of the Tucurui Hydroelectric dam in the Para State, Brazil. The objectives of the study is to compare the islands on both sides of the reservoir in relation to the total size, total core area size, plot shape and degree of isolation to demonstrated the role of island to protected the local biota in landscape level and assess the species richness, abundance and species composition of the communities of lizard in the islands in local scale. At landscape level were chosen 199 islands in both margin of reservoir using satellite image of 2005. The total size of island varied from 3 to 1,768 hectares, being that 40% of island has less than 10 hectares in size. The islands have a significant loss of size, varying from 22% to 100% in relation to edge effects. There is no significant difference of the total size, total core area size and total edge of islands in relation to reservoir margins. However, the islands situated in the left margin of reservoir have high degree of isolation in compare to island from right margin. Most of the island analyzed in the Tucurui reservoir have small sizes, high loss of total area due to edge effects and irregular plot shape, all contributing. At local scale the lizard community was sampled in five field expedition carried out from January to July of 2005, using two methods of collect, transects and traps of interception and fall. We selected 12 islands based on total size, degree of isolation and position in relation to reservoir margin. We recorded 837 individuals of lizard distributed in 16 species. The most abundant species were Gonatodes humeralis and Coleodactylus amazonicus (Gekkonidae). The curve of total number of species in relation to field expedition reached the asymptote, showing that the five expeditions were sufficient to determine local species richness in the sampled island, corresponding to 84% of the total number of species determined by Jackknife 1 species richness estimator. There is significant difference in the species richness in relation to field expeditions, being highest species richness obtained from the third field expedition carried out from April to May of 2005. There is no significant difference in the species richness and number of individuals in relation to reservoir margins. There is significant and positive difference between the species richness in relation to size of island. There is no significant difference in the abundance of lizards in relation to size of island. There is significant difference in the species richness of lizards in relation to degrees of isolation of island, being the isolation lower in the more remote islands. However, the abundance of lizards in relation to degree of isolation of islands was not significant. There is no significant difference in the species richness in relation to open canopy and volume of litter. There is significant and positive difference between the species richness in relation to density of trunk falls and trees lives. There is no difference in the abundance of lizards in relation to forest structure parameters analyzed in the study. Finally there is no difference in the species composition of lizards in relation to reservoir margins, indicating that the Tocantins River in the sampled area analyzed in the study is not one important biogeography barrier to this group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito da fragmentação insular na paisagem e comunidade arbórea em ilhas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BORGES, Cézar Augusto Reis da Fonseca; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
The construction of hydroelectric plants has been a new vector of forest fragmentation on the globe, especially in the Amazon, which has several dams under construction currently planned beyond. The training provides hydroelectric reservoirs in fragmented landscapes, with the creation of artificial islands (fragments), which have the peculiarity of being surrounded by an array tougher for most species, different fragments of land, having a direct effect on reducing biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the insular landscape of Lake Tucuruí, by quantifying landscape structure, as a basis for conservation implications. Concomitantly, we assessed the effects of fragmentation on the island tree community, through the structure of the landscape and edge effects, both have been one of the most ecological processes impacting on biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. The results indicated the spatial arrangement may be an approach used for conservation mechanisms in dams, but should consider specific aspects of the islands. In turn, the vegetation is still not responding to the current landscape structure, being in a phase of extinction debt, and the edge effect the main factor for the formation of plant communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoque de biomassa e carbono florestal em unidades de paisagem na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da abordagem metodológica ecologia da paisagem
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-22) PEREIRA, Izaura Cristina Nunes; GAMA, João Ricardo Vasconcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9058536716453750; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
The present work aims to demonstrate the central variability in forest in relation to stocks and forest carbon biomass above ground, from the identification and characterization based on remote sensing, landscape units in an area located in the municipality of Belterra, western Pará State, from the theoretical-conceptual approach of landscape ecology. For the scope of this proposition, the methodology used was based on the literature review on the topic, data acquisition and orbital mapping, use of remote sensing techniques, field data collection, processing and statistical analysis. The work is divided into four chapters, followed by general considerations of the work. Based on the theoretical-methodological of Landscape Ecology, analyzes the social and environmental dynamics of the municipality of Belterra, who currently experiences the expansion of agricultural activities, especially agriculture mechanized soy. From the analysis of multi-temporal Landsat images of the city we could assess the distribution of existing forest cover in the same as well as the spatial distribution of the main landscape units identified. Considering this clipping was held to collect field data via forest inventory in four forest types (forest high plateau, low plateau forest, secondary vegetation and ecological tension) to obtain morphometric parameters of vegetation and subsequent quantification of stocks biomass and carbon contained in each unit as well as observe the structural behavior of the same forest. The adoption of the landscape as the spatial scale of analysis proved to be quite satisfactory in the quantification of biomass and carbon stocks of forest to allow considering the influence of socioeconomic dynamics in reducing these stocks. Furthermore, analyzes showed that recognition of the heterogeneity of forest cover is an essential element for obtaining carbon estimates according to the structural characteristics of vegetation which varies with the topography of the terrain, with the species present and the geographical features, which involves the type climate, geomorphologic characteristics, soil and geological area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Virtualização da paisagem de bacias hidrográficas da zona de expansão urbana do município de Belém-PA por meio de cartografias temáticas digitais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Alexandre Fialho de; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
The municipality of Belém (PA), located in the northeast region of the State of Pará, is characterized by having a geographical position close to the Atlantic Ocean, flat relief, low altitudes and typical climate of the Amazon (hot and rainy) where high rainfall prevails. (2,600 to 3,300 mm/year), conditioning the formation of the landscape. And this landscape is carved in rocks of the Barreiras formation and in Post-Barreiras sediments, being conditioned to neotectonic transcurrent processes, evidenced by two large groups of faults on the macroscopic scale, which cut the Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. One beam is presented with direction N05E and N60E, the other beam with direction N45-55W. These faults produce “micro-reliefs”, topics of Amazonian cities, which are often imperceptible, are important when interacting with hydrological, neotectonic and territorial occupation and space management processes. The association and/or interaction of these factors, or some of them, are the main responsible for several problems observed in Belém, regarding the use and occupation of the physical environment in the Urban Expansion Zones (ZEU) of the municipality of Belém. In this work, the landscape structure and its spatial pattern are virtualized in the Paracuri, Curuperé and Tamanduá river basins, located in urban expansion areas of the municipality of Belém, through digital thematic cartographies derived from Numerical Land Models (MNT). ). The generation of such cartographies made it possible to extract information associated with physiographic aspects and processes (natural and artificial) responsible for surface modeling in hydrographic basins. Because the three-dimensional representation of space, using geoprocessing techniques, acquires fundamental importance, when associated with applications aimed at the use and occupation of the physical environment in urban spaces of large cities, constituting valuable information for future works involving environmental aspects. , geotechnical and planning of use and occupation of the physical environment in hydrographic basins. And the integrated use of MNT's with other types of data, expanded the knowledge about the reality of the landscape, allowing to visualize the phenomena resulting from natural and anthropic interventions on the urban space, and to submit such models to evaluation.