Navegando por Assunto "Ecologia das paisagens"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da paisagem: mudanças, percepções e dificuldades de recuperação na RDS Alcobaça, área de influência da UHE Tucuruí/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-08) PIRATOBA, Diana Nathaly Monroy; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The construction and operation of the Tucuruí dam caused negative landscape changes, which are accentuated by the installation of rural communities on the islands and on the lake‘s shores. The increasing reduction of forest vegetation, the biodiversity loss, the increase of socio-cultural conflicts and the landscape fragmentation detected in the dam influence area, prove that ecosystems and human population have not reached an equilibrium. With the creation of conservation units in 2002, environmental problems were expected to reduce in intensity and magnitude. However, the socio-environmental crisis remained unchanged. Given this scenario, the study seeks to understand if a) the perception of the landscape changes in the Alcobaça Sustainable Development Reserve – SDR – are similar according to the local knowledge and the scientific evidences; b) the use and management of natural resources by local dwellers influence the landscape transformations in the area; and finally c) ethnobotany in local communities presents potential for the management and control of ecosystem degradations. The methodological assumption implicates proper techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal – PRA –, supplemented with non-participatory techniques of vegetation cover interpretation. The selection of this study area is due to the fact that the Alcobaça SDR presents the most fragmented landscape and the largest population concentration in relation to other protection units. The oral memory of fishermen shows that the landscape changes are associated with natural resources management changes, encouraging the development of predation methods as a response to the current resources shortage. Although local communities express knowledge about damage on the ecosystems, Uncertainties linked to dwellers' land titles conflict with the management institutions of the SDR area and are often the justification of or even the motivation for a bad landscape management. Local knowledge on vegetation resources, though, does not solve the environmental crisis evidenced in the area, and is only a potential tool for the management of degraded areas. Biodiversity is locally known, not as a long list of species, but as a real knowledge built up and appropriated by local communities. It is materialized in dwellers' backyards, incipient agroforestry, and therefore appropriate for the control of the environmental degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da paisagem sobre a diversidade de vertebrados terrestres em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-17) SILVA, Jacqueline Almeida da; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999
Context: The advance of anthropic activities on the Amazonian frontier has provoked an intense process of forest fragmentation that reduces biodiversity and subjects the species to a situation of high vulnerability. Objectives: To test the relation of fragment size, isolation and characterization of the forest fragments matrix, on the wealth of amphibians of the order Anura, reptiles of the order Squamata and mammals of small, medium and large size. Methods: The study was carried out in 12 fragments in the northeast of the Amazon. The size of the fragment was calculated in hectares, the isolation in ENN_MN (mean of the euclidean distance of the nearest neighbors) and the matrix was organized into categories. These landscape metrics were considered as explanatory variables and calculated on three spatial scales: 1, 2 and 3 km. The relationship of the metrics with the richness of terrestrial vertebrates was evaluated through multiple regressions with model selection. Results: 130 species of terrestrial vertebrates were recorded. There was no significant effect of fragment size on spatial scales for any group of species. The isolation was significant only in the 3 km scale for the group of amphibian and snake species. The category of open areas in the matrix was significant in the three spatial scales for the group of species of lizards and mammals of medium and large size. Conclusions: The landscape configuration is extremely important in the context of fragmentation, there were different responses from taxonomic groups, possibly due to differences in habitat use.