Navegando por Assunto "Economia internacional"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Argentina’s quarter century experiment with neoliberalism: from dictatorship to depression
(2007-04) COONEY, Paul John
Argentina set a new historical mark in 2002, having experienced the largest debt default by any country ever. In order to understand how Argentina could go from one of the most developed countries of the Third World, to experiencing the crisis of 2001 and then enter a depression in 2002 with over half the population living in poverty, requires an evaluation of the last quarter century of economic policies in Argentina. The shift toward neoliberalism began during the dictatorship of 1976, deepened during the Menem administration, and was supported throughout by the IMF. This paper aims to identify why the crisis occurred when it did, but also to understand how the underlying shifts in the political economy of Argentina over more than two decades led to two waves of deindustrialization, an explosion of foreign debt and such a marked decline in the standard of living for the majority of Argentinians.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos décadas de Neoliberalismo en México: resultados y retos
(2008-12) COONEY, Paul John
This paper evaluates Mexico’s shift toward neoliberalism after considering its experience with import-substitution industrialization (ISI), including the liberalization of trade and finance and privatizations. The next section assesses NAFTA and the growing integration of Mexico’s economy with the US, and the particular role of the maquiladora industry in the context of Mexico’s development strategy. The next section presents the results of two decades of neoliberal policies in Mexico, considering the impact on workers, the environment and the Mexican population overall, with particular emphasis on the peso crisis of 1994-95. The main results for the neoliberal period are the following: GNP growth rates are roughly half of the level for the ISI period; real manufacturing wages in 2004 are only 70% of their level in 1980; and unemployment and poverty clearly increased. Finally, the attempts to challenge the specific neoliberal model that Mexico has been pursuing are presented and discussed.