Navegando por Assunto "Economic analysis"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise econômica de sistema de abastecimento de água público fechado: estudo de caso da Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto - Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-18) SILVA, Adnilson Igor Martins da; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973
The water supply is of paramount importance not only for human survival, but also for the development of economic activities and institutional, that is, to organic life / biotic and social life. Regarding the availability of this feature Brazil is a country with huge potential reserves to meet this end. The City University Professor José da Silveira Netto, the UFPA campus, currently produces its water, with funding through an underground aquifer, and in small quantities, also purchased from Local Dealership. However, in relation to production at the Federal University of Pará there is no knowledge about the maintenance costs of the production line, the hand labor involved, etc.. The lack of such knowledge does not allow the manager to act strategically with respect to this situation. This work aims to raise the direct and indirect costs of production of 1m³ of water treated at the City University Professor José da Silveira Netto, comparing it with the amounts charged by the Concessionaire site in order to show the manager what the most advantageous to the Administration with relation to the matter being addressed. Furthermore, future scenarios have been created in order that the activity is dynamic and growing university, beyond what was incorporated as conditions of energy cost and value of grants for water use, not yet integrated into the current cost of production. The results clearly demonstrate that the option of producing drinking water is the most economically advantageous for the institution, in any proposed scenario. Noting that the cost per m³ of produced water ranges from R$ 0,31 to R$ 0,45, while the purchase through the Local Dealership, around R$ 4,30 / m³ for the year 2011, only show viable if that price is a maximum of R$ 0,50 / m³. With this information and analyzes adequately presented clearly and technically considered, this work may be used as a management tool that will permit the public better or more adequate system of water supply in the City University Professor José da Silveira Netto.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise técnico-econômica da substituição parcial do combustível diesel pelo gás natural em motores marítimos na região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-07) FRANCO, Alcides Canêjo Linhares; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The international experience indicates the existence of five main elements related to the expansion of the natural gas consumption as following: a) availability of natural gas reserve; b) restriction offers of other energy ones (especially for the electricity generation); c) concern with the environment by a environmental legislation more rigorous, each day; d) the investments attraction by the private companies permission for the distribution and commercialization of the natural gas; e) the generalized permission for the industry, attracting private companies, because of the opportunity of the investment. In this scene, the construction of the gas line Coari (extraction base) Urucu-Manaus with about 670 kilometers of total extension that will be ready on April of 2008, as divulged by Petrobras on 05/21/2007 and will carry 4.7 million cubic meters per day of natural gas in the first phase of operation. The foreseen total investment is of R$2.4 billions. The natural gas will substitute the diesel and the combustible oil used, mainly, in the production of great part of the consumed electric energy in the Amazon State. It will be used also in the industrial and commercial processes, as well as supplying, with safety, auto-machine vehicles (automobiles, pickups, light trucks, bus). This last application stimulated this research, that establish a technical-economic analysis of the partial substitution of the fuel diesel by the natural gas in maritime engines in the Amazon Region, because the boats are vehicles that cross the rivers of this Region and are used for load and passengers transportation. First, it is demonstrated that it is possible, in technical conditions, the conversion of the diesel engines to consume the diesel mixed with natural gas to the taxes of substitution of diesel for natural gas from 5% to 90%, using available technologies that are in the Brazilian market, under the view of energy and environment performances. Later it presents an economic analysis of the conversion, considering the reservoirs for natural gas compressed - NGC offered in the national market and the kits of conversion. The research reveals: a) the economic viability of the enterprise if the weights and the volumes of the natural gas reservoirs are neglected, especially the first one; b) the no economic viability, considering the transport of the reservoirs, in the boats, that had no financial results because of the prices of the taxes resulting of the space occupied by the volumes and the weights of these reservoirs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenhos térmico e energético de uma edificação na região amazônica brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-06) AGUILAR, Heliana Maria Ceballos; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents an innovative proposal of integration of several strategies to reduce energy consumption, where the impact of each one of them is evaluated individually, and all together, in the thermal, energetic and economic performance of a building located in the Brazilian Amazon Region. High temperature and humidity characterize this region climatically, where achieving adequate comfort conditions implies a high demand for energy for air conditioning systems. Different Energy Conservation Measures are evatuated in order to achieve a better use of daylighting; and to reduce thermal loads for cooling, with the installation of a thermal insulation material in the eastern and western walls, and a thermal insulation and air chamber in the roof, which are the external surfaces that receive higher solar radiation in the building. Additionally, various photovoltaic generation systems are considered, one of which is integrated as an architectural element and another adapted on the roof of the building. In the building, two types of analysis are conducted: dynamic and static. For the dynamic analysis, the EnergyPlus software is used to know its thermal and energy consumption performances, analyzed for the entire year and for the design day, and the Daysim/Radiance software to know the autonomy of daylighting attained, using data measured with an on-site meteorological station. Concerning the static analysis, the level of energy efficiency is evaluated by the prescriptive method according to the current national regulations. Subsequently, the same building is simulated for the nine capital cities of the states of the Legal Brazilian Amazon Region, with the aim of knowing its energetic performance and the economic feasibility depending on the climatic characteristics and electrical energy tariffs of each city. With the assessments performed, it is determined that the ECM have a direct and significant influence on the reduction of the thermal load for cooling, through the reduction of radiation effects, the shading in the eaves and the reduction of the transmittance of the surfaces treated. The possibility of maximizing the daylight in internal spaces, to improve the comfort of the users is also verified, allowing better performance and energy savings with artificial lighting. In terms of energy consumption and economic feasibility, the ECM achieve an annual energy savings of 52 % in the building taken as a case study, and the solutions adopted show a good return on financial investment, and are also suitable for energy saving and economically feasible in regions with similar climatic characteristics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto técnico e econômico da integração de uma geração distribuída de alta capacidade em um sistema de distribuição com reguladores de tensão em cascata
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-14) COSTA, Marcelo Sousa; VIEIRA, João Paulo Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188999223769913
This dissertation analyzes the technical and economical impact of the integration of a high capacity distributed generation (DG) in a distribution system composed of two feeders, both with two cascaded step voltage regulators (SVRs). Distribution networks with the presence of high capacity DG may subject SVR to reverse active power flow scenarios, which, depending on the control modes “Active Bidirectional Flow up to Opposite Limit” and “Reverse Flow by Cogeneration”, result in abnormal situations that lead the SVR to lose its regulating capacity. As a consequence, consumers may be subjected to severe undervoltage or overvoltage. This phenomenon, in which the SVR loses its ability to control the desired bus voltage, is known in technical literature as the reverse power tap changer runaway condition. In addition, high capacity GDs, depending on their location in the distribution system, can cause critical overvoltages. Some actions can be taken to reduce or mitigate this effect, such as distribution system reconfiguration, adjusting the SVR setpoint, and modifying DG control mode. The economic assessment was accomplished for all studied operating scenarios, highlighting technical and financial impacts on the utility and customers.