Navegando por Assunto "Efeito estufa"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emissões de gases de efeito estufa na disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-20) ALMEIDA, Fernando Felipe Soares; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The growing generation of Urban Solid Waste in the world and the consequent emission of Greenhouse Gases - GHG originated from the final disposal activity has influenced waste management and challenges municipal administrations to adopt waste management procedures and methods that minimize the GHG emission in this activity. This study examines GHG emissions resulting from the final disposal of urban solid waste in the state of Pará. The research was qualitative-quantitative with exploratory and descriptive objectives, focusing on the solid waste sector in the state of Pará. The activities were divided into four stages, verifying the contribution of the solid waste sector to GHG emissions (Stage 1), observing the situation of the final disposal of solid waste in the municipalities of the state (Stage 2), estimating the generation of GHG emissions from the final disposal of solid waste (Stage 3), and analyzing opportunities to reduce GHG emissions in the solid waste sector (Stage 4). The results of the research show that Pará is the state with the highest GHG emissions in Brazil (447,927,368 tons of CO2e). Although the solid waste sector accounts for only 1% of GHG emissions, it was found that 138 out of 144 municipalities in Pará still send their solid waste to open dumps and controlled landfills. Considering the total amount of solid waste collected in the municipalities of Pará in 2021 (1,016,874.64 tons), the estimated GHG emissions were 952,901.86 tons of CO2e, indicating an impact on the environment. The research showed the need for the environmentally appropriate final disposal of solid waste as an alternative to reducing GHG emissions in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reflorestamento e recuperação de áreas degradadas na bacia hidrográfica do Tarumã-Açu e sua contribuição na redução dos gases efeito estufa.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-14) VERAS, Eliana da Conceição Rodrigues; BATISTA, Clauderino da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345689043203622
The recovery of degraded areas becomes a major factor in reducing global warming, making it necessary for the reforestation process to go through a selection plan for species with the greatest potential for development in adverse conditions. The objective of the research is to investigate the survival and mortality index of fruit species, planted in a degraded area in the Tarumã-Açu-BHT Hydrographic Basin, and the estimate of carbon fixation in the period of 20 years. The methodology adopted is participant observation, with analysis of 500 seedlings of fruit species of cashew (anacardium western), 500 of ingá (ingá edulis), 500 of buriti (mauritia flexuosa) and 500 seedlings of açaí (euterpe oleracea) totaling 2000 seedlings analyzed for survival and mortality. Mapping the area through GPS - Global Position System, photographic record, bibliographic review through consultation in dissertations, theses, articles and books related to the topic, satellite images, topographic maps and pre-existing maps were used. Still as a methodology, it was defined that the percentage of mortality acceptable for the continuation of the reforestation process is up to 20%. The selection and monitoring of seedlings takes place in the period from 2015 to 2019, obtaining a result of 84.8% survival of the mauritia flexuosa, 87.2% of the euterpe oleracea, 87% of Ingá Edulis and 100% of the western anacardium. All species analyzed were below the defined percentage, which means that the proposed objectives were well met. For the analysis of carbon fixation, the lowest and highest index found in the literature was used, where the authors define that the lowest fixation index is 7.1 kg of CO₂ for each tree / year and the highest is 15, 6 kg of CO₂, where a single tree can absorb between 142 kg and 312 kg of CO₂ in 20 years. The carbon sequestration carried out by the planted trees contributes to reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal do efluxo de CO2do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo na Amazônia Oriental
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016-03) SILVA, Carolina Melo da; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Moisés Cordeiro Mourão de; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; SILVA JUNIOR, Alberto Cruz da; CASTELLANI, Débora Cristina
The soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux dynamics and its controlling factors of Amazonian agroforestry systems are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal variation of soil CO2 efflux in oil palm-based agroforestry systems and the relation between efflux and biotic (microbial and total soil carbon, microbial respiration, fine roots, individual components of agroforestry systems (AFS)) and abiotic factors (soil moisture and temperature). The measurements were taken during the less rainy (December 2010) and rainy (May 2011) periods. The soil CO2 efflux was highest during the rainy season, probably due to increased microbial activity influenced by climatic factors coupled with biotic factors. The soil CO2 efflux correlated positively with soil moisture and microbial biomass carbon and negatively with soil temperature and metabolic quotient, but these correlations were weak. The soil CO2 efflux was sensitive to the type of agroforestry system and to rainfall seasonality.