Navegando por Assunto "Efeito estufa (Atmosfera)"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O aterro sanitário de Marituba: estimativa e dispersão das emissões de biogás e a percepção da mudança da qualidade do ar pela população do entorno.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-18) MACHUCA ESPÍRITU, José Guillermo; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
Urban Solid Waste in landfills and dumps is an important anthropogenic source of Greenhouse Gases, mainly Methane (CH4), which has a high capacity of retaining heat in the atmosphere. At the Marituba Solid Waste Processing and Processing Center (SWPPC) located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, current and future methane generation from the year 2015 were estimated through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model considering a minimum operation period of 15 years. The landfill will generate during its history approximately 610 thousand metric tons of CH4, of which approximately 95% will be produced in the coming years. Considering the global warming potential of methane that is 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) over the years, this will generate an amount equivalent to 17 million tons of carbon dioxide. The dispersion of methane gas as a tracer of other gases and odors generated at CPTR Marituba using a Gaussian dispersion model shows that at night time (18:00-06:00) gas accumulation is higher at the area surrounding the landfill and causes discomfort in the population, validating this information with the results of the interviews with the residents of the surrounding area of the municipalities of Ananindeua and Marituba, who suffer the greatest annoyances due to the bad odors in this same nocturnal period. The results of this research should be considered in the definition of public policies for the location of new landfills and in the implementation of actions to mitigate the negative impact of existing landfills. Despite the relevance of the topic addressed in this study, studies on the generation and dispersion of gases as well as the impact on the surrounding population in landfills in the Amazon Region are scarce in the literature, so this work will add to the understanding about landfills and its impacts on the Amazon as well as the use of biogas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emissões de gases de efeito estufa de um aterro na Amazônia: simulação das emissões de metano no aterro do Aurá - Região Metropolitana de Belém, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-31) SILVA, Renato de Sousa; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa do fluxo de metano e dióxido de carbono em áreas de manguezais do município de São Caetano de Odivelas - PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-03) MARTINÉZ CASTELLÓN, Saúl Edgardo; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Mangroves are considered environmentally and socioeconomically productive ecosystems because of their contribution to mitigating climate change, capturing and storing CO2 in the aerial and underground biomass, and a large fraction of carbon is escaped from soil and water into the atmosphere. The mangrove areas are important contributors to greenhouse gases (GHG). The study highlights the monthly measurements of fluxes methane (FCH4) and carbon dioxide (FCO2) flows in mangrove forest at the soil-atmosphere interface (Macaca Island), and water-atmosphere interface (Mojuim Estuary). The measurements included the temporal (dry period: July to December 2017 and rainy: January to June 2018) and spatial, (high topography: 2.5 m and low: 2.0 m) scale. Flows are measured by the dynamic chamber method associated with an infrared gas analyser. Additionally, parameters were recorded. A) environmental, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed. B) physical and chemical water, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH. C) soil physical and chemical, soil temperature, soil moisture, organic matter, pH, organic total carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio, microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen. The FCH4 in the soil varied in means of 0.1874 g m-2 d-1 and 0.0711 g m-2 d-1 between dry and rainy season. The FCO2 varied in means of 6.3607 g m-2 d-1, and 7.0542 g m-2 d-1 between dry and rainy season. The FCH4 ranged from 0.2360 g m-2 d-1 to 0.0271 g m-2 d-1 between low and high topography. The FCO2 ranged from 5.4383 g m-2 d-1, and 7.079 g m-2 d-1 between low and high topography. This could be related to the lower amount of organic matter, oxidized environment and good soil aeration in the high topography favoring FCH4 anoxia. The FCH4 in the estuary varied between season dry and rainy from 0.039 to 0.050 g m-2 d-1. The FCO2 varied between season dry and rainy from 10.474 g m-2 d-1 to 28.985 g m-2 d-1. The FCO2 present difference (p < 0.05) between the dry and rainy season, and may be influenced by the salubrious sea water in the tide and fresh water from the Mojuim River into the ebb. In this study it was observed that the highest FCH4 and FCO2 occur in the rainy season, and minimal variation of FCO2 in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxos de dióxido de carbono e metano de um lixão na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-03) PINHEIRO, Layse Teixeira; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This work had as aim the quantification of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane from the uncontrolled Aurá landfill, known as the "Aurá Lode", in addition to collecting information from the place after its partial closure in 2015 .The research had a qualitative analysis of environmental aspects of the site and an experimental part, with the development of flow chambers, to capture the gases through the covering of cells other than the landfill. The measurements were performed in two ways, the first with 24 chambers distributed in three distinct points of two cells with relatively different ages and 90 chambers, distributed in grid, in a closed cell. These measurements occurred in a less rainy period and had their points located through geographic coordinates. A portable gas analyzer was used to simultaneously obtain the gas concentration in ppm. The flow calculations involved the selection of the intervals of each chamber, determination of the regression line of the gas concentrations by time, barometric equation and insertion of the data obtained in the main flow equation. The values of methane emissions in the cells titled A, B and C were 191,226 g m² d-¹, 397.7 g m² d-¹ and 36.30 g m² d-¹, respectively. The carbon dioxide fluxes reached 10,554.1 g m² d-¹, 11,786.65 g m² d-¹ and 7,529.77 g m² d-¹.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos das mudanças climáticas na ecoclimatologia de Aleurocanthus Woglumi Ashby, 1903 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) no estado do Pará
(2014-03) MORAES, Bergson Cavalcanti de; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda; FERREIRA, Douglas Batista da Silva; MAIA, Wilson José de Mello e Silva
Human activities that alter the greenhouse gases concentrations will have a direct influence on plant health issues. In order to minimize both the production loss and the quality, and to guide the choice of adaptation strategies and management, further studies to investigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture - in the spatial and temporal scales - and their pathogens are needed. The main goal of this work was to explore the global climate impact on the ecoclimatology of the citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) in State of Pará. To do so, the thermal requirements of Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby developed in laboratory and on the ecoclimatological zoning based on the annual insect population was first analyzed using air temperature data series from 15 meteorological stations. Then, the populational increase of the studied insect through the projections of global climate model CCSM 3.0, between years 2030 and 2090, was simulated and analyzed. The results of simulations suggest that the number of generations of the insect will increase 50% in Pará state.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo como mitigador do aquecimento global e a participação do Brasil
(2009-06) COTA, Raimundo Garcia; REIS, Maria Aparecida Martins Cardoso; VALE, Lorena Alves do
This study of economic-environmental relevance emerges from the problem of the Global Environment in order to analyze the Mechanism of Clean Development (MCD) as an efficient tool, which can contribute to the mitigation of the Greenhouse Effect Gases (GEG) through the fulfilling of emission reduction goals pre-established by Kyoto Protocol. One examines the participation of Brazil as a hosting country of MCD projects. One concludes that, although the implementation of the MCD reduces the global cost of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions by developed countries and supports initiatives which promote sustainable development, the lacking of major specificity in the rules of the mechanism can open precedents to the right of polluting. One understands that the mechanism cannot be restricted only to the fulfillment of goals, but it is fundamental that it works as discouragement of pollution in its origin, according to the proposal of sustainability, north of the weather environmental policy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal do efluxo de dióxido de carbono CO² do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-20) SILVA, Carolina Melo da; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
The Amazon region has been subjected to continuous deforestation and expansion of land use for the implementation of activities such as cattle ranching, logging, agriculture, mining and urbanization. The burning and decomposition of forest biomass releases gases that contribute to global warming, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context, there is interest in assessing the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in the Amazon, especially in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroforestry systems, due to the current large expansion of this crop in the state of Pará, which has become one of the largest producers of the country. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in palm oil cultivation in agroforestry systems in the Amazon considering temporal and biotic and abiotic factors that directly influence this process. We quantified biotic factors: microbial biomass, total soil carbon, soil basal respiration, fine root and soil zone of influence of planted species, and abiotic factors: moisture and soil temperature, in two oil palm-based agroforestry systems (adubadeiras and biodiverso systems), during the dry and rainy periods. The results showed that the highest soil CO2 efflux occurred during the rainy season, probably due to increased microbial activity during this period influenced by climatic factors coupled with biotic factors. The biodiverso system showed higher soil efflux than the fertilizer adubadeiras system, probably due to increase biological activity in former system. The soil CO2 efflux showed no strong correlation with the tested variables. It was concluded that the soil CO2 efflux was influenced by rainfall seasonality only. The fact that the systems were be too young (~3 yr-old) may represent the main factor for a lack of stronger relationship of soil CO2 efflux and the variables analyzed.