Navegando por Assunto "Elaeis guineensis"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da torta de dendê na dieta de caititus (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-08) COSTA, Jociel Ferreira; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The commercial breeding of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) has awakened interest in farmers due to the demand for its meat consumption and industrial use of byproducts such as leather. However, the highest cost of production of this species in captivity are the expenses on food. In this context, the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis), a fibrous byproduct extracted from the fruit nut, has a low cost and high availability in Pará State, Brazil, thus it’s possible to be used in the animal diet. Considering this, the aim of this study was to test the efficiency of the palm kernel cake inclusion in diets for collared peccaries in replacement of wheat bran, checking their weight gain, feed intake, carcass and non-components of carcass characteristics. For that, the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel cake inclusion with 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% in diets offered to the animals were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Eastern Amazon Region in 12 experimental stalls (12m2), using 40 male collared peccaries in finishing phase. Two animals were housed in each stall, in which they were given the corresponding treatment feed. Each enclosure served as an experimental unit, plus the stalls and their respective treatments were defined by drawing lots. The animals were divided according to weight and age, using a randomized block design. After the nutritional experiment the animals were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse for pigs. According to the treatments used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), average daily gain (ADG) was 46.85g, 26.83g, 36.10g and 52.13g and daily feed intake was 437.68g, 440.27g, 436.54, 436.25g respectively. The animals gained more weight as the inclusion of palm kernel cake increased in their diet, although the significant difference (p<0.05) was only observed in T7,5% compared to T0% and T22%. For each treatment used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), carcass dressing percentage was 59.54%, 56.63%, 56.58%, 62.07%, and ham percentage 31.61%, 33.58%, 30.16% and 35.57%, respectively, without significant difference (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the treatments used in both variables, there was an increase tendency of 4% and 12% for carcass dressing percentage and ham percentage, respectively, in T22, 5% when compared to T0%. Live weight, fasting weight, hot carcass, carcass length, blood, head, skin, organs, paws and commercial cuts were not influenced by the levels of palm kernel cake inclusion (p>0,05). The results suggest the inclusion to the level of 22%, of palm kernel cake in the collared peccary feed, in replacement of wheat bran, without any harms of animal performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico da borra de neutralização do óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) em escala piloto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) ABREU, Deise Hellen Soares de; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
The byproducts of oil refining industries and biodiesel, as the dregs of neutralization are quite extensive and due to their low economic value and purity are a problem for these industries in the culling and disposal, are of fundamental interest for the use of this research reject. Therefore, this work aims to investigate a viable, economic and environmental fate of this byproduct using Termocatalítico Cracking Process of Neutralization Sludge Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jaqc) pilot scale using 5, 10 and 15% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst and final temperatures of 440 ° C and 420 ° C. The sludge was obtained by the neutralization process and subjected to a dehydration and characterized as the catalyst was dried in an oven and characterized in relation to the X-ray diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (TDA). Five tests were performed in termocatalítico cracking Cracking Pilot Plant (THERMTEK / FEQ / UFPA) which consists in a reactor with mechanical agitation and capacity 125 liters, and the dynamics of the process and distillation of cracking. The organic liquid product (PLO), samples of the dynamics of the process and the distillation fractions were characterized according to each standard required by ANP N°65 and analyzed by IR and NMR. After analysis of the results showed that the efficiency of the process increases with temperature and catalyst and the feedstock provides products of low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel. By analyzing the thermodynamic realized that some of the process parameters such as viscosity, flash point and density decrease with increasing time and temperature, forming lighter hydrocarbons. Regarding distillation fractions in the heavier tracks resemble diesel oil in most of the parameters required by the ANP Nº 65.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) e sabões do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-30) SILVA, Marcilene Silva da; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
The present work aims to investigate the Thermocatalytic Cracking Process of the Buriti Oil ( L.), Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) and burit oil soap, considering the transformation of vegetable oils and soaps using the thermocatalytic cracking in biofuels, using Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate), CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate), CaO (Calcium Oxide) and Acidic Zeolites (HZSM-5) as catalysts and temperatures of 420, 450 and 480 ° C. The fruit of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L) was collected and extracted from the pulp oil, and then this oil was characterized in relation to the Acidity Index, Saponification Number, Viscosity, Density, Refractive Index and CHN analysis. In preliminary tests it was used the refined and neutralized palm oil, so they were not characterized. Buriti soap was prepared in the laboratory with potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and stored for thermal pyrolysis. The catalysts were also characterized in relation to Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 29Si and 27Al, XRay Diffraction, thermal analysis, chemical analysis and TPD of ammonia. In the process of thermocatalytic cracking the liquid products produced were analyzed regarding the parameters: yield, acidity index, infrared spectrum, NMR and CHN analysis and then were characterized in relation to density and kinematic viscosity. However, regarding the level of acidity of the liquid products, only basic catalysts produced cracked with acceptable values for use as fuel. From the results it was verified the efficiency of catalysts in which the sodium carbonate catalyst gave products with low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade genética molecular de progênies de dendezeiro
(2012-03) FERREIRA, Crystianne Bentes Barbosa; LOPES, Maria Teresa Gomes; LOPES, Ricardo; CUNHA, Raimundo Nonato Vieira da; MOREIRA, Djair Alves; BARROS, Willian Silva; MATIELLO, Rodrigo Rodrigues
The objective of this work was to assess the genetic diversity between and within progenies of dura type oil palm from Deli. Genetic characterization was performed with microsatellite markers on 24 oil palm progenies used in commercial seed production, of which 22 originated from self-fertilization and two from cross-fertilization between full siblings. Molecular analysis of variance was carried out among and within progenies, and a dendrogram was constructed. Low genetic variability was observed within progenies, with an average of 1.32 alleles per locus and total variance of 0.3241. Most of the variation was found between progenies. The lower genetic variability within progenies can be explored in crossings with endogamic progenies from other origins, which would facilitate heterosis in order to develop new varieties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da conversão de floresta amazônica de terra firme em plantação de palma de dendê (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) sobre a fauna de mamíferos de médio e grande porte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) MARIA, Susanne Lúcia Silva de; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.) na integridade física e nas assembleias de peixes de igarapés da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) FERREIRA, Márcio Cunha; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of palm oil farming Elaeis guineenses JACQ. in the integrity of physical habitat and in the assemblages of fishes in upland streams of Eastern Amazonia. The sampling sites were established in sections (150 m) of 23 streams in the Acará-Mirim basin, northeastern of Pará state. According to the results of the index of physical integrity, all streams (n = 8) that drain forest areas were classified as preserved (IPI = 5.00 to 4.00), whereas the 15 streams that drain oil palm plantations have been classified as changed (IIF = 3.67 to 2.67). 9,734 specimens of fish belonging to six orders, 24 families, over 64 species were collected. The most abundant species during the study were Microcharacidium weitzmani, Apistogramma gr. regain, Trichomycterus hasemani, Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus and Copella arnoldi. The richness observed in streams that drain plantations was higher (S = 61) than found in the streams in forest fragments (S = 42). The results of PERMANOVA show that exist differences between sites (GL = 22; pseud – F = 2.44; P = 0.01), however the ordering produced by NMDS shows that this difference is subtle (stress = 0.19). a similar result was obtained using functional trophic groups abundance (stress = 0.18). the results of TITAN indicates that some species are adapted to persist in certain environmental conditions, such as Aequidens tetramerus, Apistogramma agassizii and Microcharacidium weitzmani are associated with lower physical habitat integrity (P < 0.05; purity > 0.95; reliability > 0.95), while the species Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus and Helogenes marmoratus shown to be indicative of more intact habitats (P < 0.05; purity > 0.95; reliability > 0.95). There was no correlation between the species richness and the index of physical integrity, while the only functional trophic groups that correlated with the index were the diggers and collectors browsers. These groups are composed by Cichlid fishes that have tolerant and generalist behaviors that may have explained his great contribution in the fish assemblage even in places where sedimentation was high compared to places with the nearest natural setting. This shows that even species richness was higher in altered streams there are strong evidences of loss of environmental quality in streams draining plantations generated by the cultivation of oil palm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura de palma de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a fauna de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) LIMA, Renata Cecília Soares de; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin 1763) sobre a diversidade funcional de mamíferos terrestres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-12) MAUÉS, Paula Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
We studied the effect of palm tree planting on the functional diversity of terrestrial mammals in a region of the Amazon Forest in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil. We evaluated through measures of Functional Diversity (FD) the impacts that this planting can have on the functional groups of medium and large terrestrial mammals. In addition to the species richness we consider the abundance of species in the analyzes involving the functionality, through the Biological Trait Analysis (BTA) and the Functional Diversity Analysis based on the Rao quadratic entropy index (FDq). No effect of palm oil planting on the FD of the mammals was observed, considering only the species richness. However, in the analyzes in which the abundance of the species was considered (FDq and BTA), it was possible to observe the effects on the functional groups. The functional traits most affected by the effect were: general food habits, bunodon dentition, diurnal activity period, diet based on fruits, seeds, invertebrates and exudates, social behavior in small groups, arboreal locomotion, sub-forest forest strata and sub-canopy and the functional groups most affected by palm planting were primates and other arboreal species, compromising the functions of seed predation and dispersion, decreased nutrient cycling, reduced invertebrate control, decreased herbivory, and altered species life history vegetables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê sobre a diversidade funcional de aves na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) SILVA, Larissa Cardoso; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq.) are among the fastest growing agricultural practices in the world, and are among the most disturbing in the landscape in tropical regions and are known to affect species diversity. In this sense, we evaluated the functional diversity of birds in 11 points of palm plantation, 11 in permanent preservation areas (APP), which are portions of ciliary forest that includes the margins of water courses with a width of 10m to 30m of each Side of the stream, and 11 in adjacent forest fragments in the eastern Amazon. To evaluate the effect of palm plantations on the functional diversity (DF) of birds, three functional metrics, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) were calculated. To test the response of functional characteristics to environmental conditions, we used RLQ ordering analysis. We recorded 269 bird species, 52 species recorded in palm plantations, 158 in APP and 203 in forest fragments. The FRic was lower in palm plantations when compared to APP and forest fragments. However, the APP did not differ from the forest fragments. Functional evenness did not differ between treatments and the functional divergence was shown to be higher in forest fragments compared to APP and palm. However, there was no difference between palm and APP. The RLQ analysis showed a relationship between traces and environmental variables. This decline in functional diversity shows that the loss of forest species has not been offset by the addition of new, disease tolerant species. We emphasize the importance of the maintenance and preservation of forest fragments and riparian forests (APP) in agricultural areas, and that this is a good conservation strategy within highly endangered regions, such as the Eastern Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo cinético e das isotermas de adsorção dos óleos de palma (Elaes guineensis, Jacq.) e andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) em y-alumina e modelagem da dessorção com dióxido de carbono supercrítico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-08) AMARAL, Anderson Rocha; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work, the variables of the batch adsorption process of palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) vegetables oils on thermally activated alumina at 723,15 K and 923,15 K (y-alumina) has been investigated by analyzing the influence of temperature, time, mass of vegetable oil, mass of adsorbent on the adsorbent capacity. A kinetic model of second-order was proposed to modeling the adsorption capacity of free fatty acids (FFA). Capacity results of FFA of the crude palm oil on y-alumina AG.450 at 328.15 K and of the crude andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.650 at 323.15 K were obtained from the consecutive adsorption experiments and adjusted by isotherms of Langmuir e BET. The transfer mass model of TAN & LIOU (1989) was used to modeling the kinetic desorption of the palm oil from y-alumina AG.650 and of the andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.450 with supercritical carbon dioxide, evaluating the yields, errors, correlation coefficients and the residues of the desorbed oil mass versus predicted by the model.The study of the variables influence, over the adsorption capacity, presented negative correlation (with exponential behavior) to the variable mass of oil. The adsorbent mass influence, presented a positive correlation (with a linear behavior) and the temperature increase is favorable to the adsorption process. The total reduction of the FFA after three consecutive adsorptions of the crude palm oil on y-alumina AG.450 and after four consecutive adsorptions on -alumina AG.650 with andiroba oil, were 21.07 % and 40.29 %, respectively. The modeling of the FFA capacity to the palm oil with Langmuir model, presented a high experimental data prediction ability (R² = 0.9610), as well as to the andiroba oil with the BET model, which presented a high adjustment (R² = 0.9140). Tan & Liou model evidenced high prediction capacity of the desorption oil mass from γ-alumina for all experiments, minimum correlation coefficient of 0.9230 and magnitude residues of 10-1 grams. The yields, based on adsorbate initial mass, of the palm oil desorbed from y-alumina AG.650 at 20 MPa up to 30 MPa and 323.15 K up to 328.15 K were 28.880 % up to 34.563 %, while to the andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.450 at 15 MPa up to 25 MPa at 323.15 K were 14.108 % up to 27.972 %. The yields results shows that the increase of pressure and temperature are favorable to the supercritical desorption.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo dos processos de separação na obtenção do biodiesel de óleo de palma bruto (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-05) RIBEIRO, Haroldo Jorge da Silva; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This work investigated the influence of the separation processes on the yield and properties relating to the quality of biodiesel from crude palm oil ( Elaeis guineensis, Jacq ) obtained in laboratory scale , such as decantation , centrifugation , evaporation , washing and dehydration, where the following operating conditions are used : the settling time ( sludge/neutral oil ) - 120 minutes at 50 ° C; settling time used for washing the neutral oil 60, 90 and 120 minutes at 50 °C; H2O percentages used in washing the neutral oil 10%, 20% and 30% ( m./m.); temperatures centrifugation for separating the neutral/oil sludge and washings neutral oil 40, 50 and 60 °C; temperature and pressure range of dehydration of neutral oil and biodiesel and 80 °C from 480,0 to 80,0 mbar respectively; temperature and pressure in the evaporation of excess ethanol 75 °C and 213,3 and 146,6 respectively March; the settling time of biodiesel/glycerol system and washes 60, 90 and 180 minutes at 50 °C; operating temperature used in the centrifuge separation system biodiesel/glycerin 50 °C; H2O percentage of biodiesel used for washing by centrifugation 20% relative to the ester phase. The results found that neutralization in general was satisfactory as generated about 10% of blurs, highlighting the Experiment 1 that generated about 84,6% by weight of neutral oil. Washes in 90 minutes (Exp. 1) and 20% water (exp.2) showed the best performance for the separation by settling, while in the process of centrifugation and washing better separation occurred at 40 and 50 ° C respectively. In relation to the evaporation of ethanol, the best percentage in alcohol was obtained at 80 °C and 1466 mbar. Regarding the separation of phases rich in glycerol esters and the process of centrifugation at 50 °C led to a better quality biodiesel, however, the best yields were observed in the biodiesel from the settling process. The final evaluation of the biodiesel produced in this study was positive, because most of the analyzed parameters is according to the official specifications.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da obtenção de biocombustíveis a partir da rota tecnológica de craqueamento utilizando carbonato de sódio e lama vermelha como catalisadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-26) OLIVEIRA, Romero Moreira de; MOTA, Silvio Alex Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2688995977218366; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this paper the crude distillation process of the liquid organic product obtained in the catalytic cracking of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) was studied in pilot scale , using the sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and red mud catalysts by varying the percentage of catalyst in 10% m/m and 15% m/m for the raw material used , an operating temperature of 450ºC in order to obtain fractions of biofuels (bio-gasoline, bio-kerosene and bio-oil) similar to fuels derived from being fixed oil. The catalysts were subjected to a dehydration pre-treatment for 2 hours in an oven at 300°C, subsequently the XRD, IR and TG were performed. Regarding raw materials, physical and chemical analysis, aiming to characterize palm oil were performed. The organic liquid products (PLOs) were subjected to unit operations of separation, decanting and simple filtration bench scale should then be performed physical-chemical and compositional analyzes. The temples were distilled in a Vigreux column six (06) stages, and the condensed fractions were collected according to the ranges of the distillation of gasoline (60ºC - 190ºC) , kerosene (190ºC - 235ºC ) and diesel (235°C - 370°C), later to be characterized. There was a better catalyst efficiency for sodium carbonate 15% w/w as reducing the acid value about 1.7 mgKOH/g , and a conversion of 97% by weight of the oil in PLO was noted also, by increasing the amount of catalyst that favors the obtaining of an end product with better quality. The red mud on the other hand, showed yields of up to 64% m/m products with a low acidity of about 62.90 mgKOH/g, comparing this result with literature data. Based on the final results verified the efficiency of catalysts, the catalyst which sodium carbonate gave products with low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das variáveis operacionais dos processos de separação na produção de biodiesel, a partir do óleo de palma bruto (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) em escala de laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-14) CASTRO, Douglas Alberto Rocha de; ARAUJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work, the operational variables involved on the separation processes applied on the pre-treatment of crude palm oil (guineensis Elaeis, jacq) , as well as on the purification of biodiesel, produced by transesterification with ethanol and using NaOH as catalyst, have been investigated systematically in laboratory scale. In the pre-treatment step, the processes of Filtration and Decantation have been investigated, being the filtration of the product, carried out by neutralization at 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC, whereas by Decantation, it had been evaluated the temperatures of 40ºC and 60ºC in 120 minutes. After that, it was investigated the influence of the time of decantation by 60, 90 and 120 minutes on the water washing process of the neutralized oil at 40ºC and 60ºC, followed by dehydration under vacuum at 80ºC, having been investigated in this stage the influence of the pressure. After the production of biodiesel, it had been evaluated the process of Evaporation of ethanol in excess, whereas in a first step, it had been investigated the temperatures of 70 and 80 ºC, maintaining the evaporation time constant and equal to 20 minutes, within the interval of 613,30 and 80,0 mbar, and in a second step, it had been investigated the system pressures of 480,00 and 346,60 mbar. After that, it had been investigated the influence of time on the decantation process of the glycerol rich phase at 70ºC, for times of 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Afterwards, the ester rich phase has been submitted to water washing at 70ºC, for the times of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. After that, it was evaluated the efficiency of the process of centrifugation of the mixture biodiesel and glycerol at 60 and 70ºC, 2000 rpm, and a time of 15 minutes. After that, the ester rich phase has been washed with water at 60 and 70ºC, being the separation carried out by centrifugation at 60 and 70ºC. The ester rich phases, obtained by decantation and centrifugation have been submitted to dehydration under vacuum, and characterized according to the specifications of the ANP. In accordance with the experimental results, on the basis of the quality of neutral oil and process yield, it has been observed that the Filtration at 50ºC produced the best results. In relation to the evaporation of ethanol, the higher ethanol recovery was obtained by 80ºC and 346.6 mbar. In relation the separation of ester and glycerol rich phases, the process of centrifugation at 60ºC produced a biodiesel of better quality and higher yield. It was still observed, the necessity of one second step of centrifugation to minimize the losses of biodiesel in the rich phase in glycerol.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) com lama vermelha calcinada e alumina ativada em reatores de bancada e batelada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-29) LOURENÇO, Rafael Martins; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In the present work was to study the thermal catalytic cracking process palm oil for biofuel production. In the development of this study were performed in crackings Bench and Semipilot. Initially, basic catalysts in cracking tests were performed (Red Mud; Red Mud Calcined at 550 ° C; Red Mud Calcined at 800C; Red Mud Calcined at 1000 ° C; Activated Alumina (AA) with NaOH 20% solution and Activated Alumina (AA) NaOH solution 30%) and acid (not activated alumina) in bench scale using as raw palm oil. Before the mentioned catalysts are used in thermal catalytics crackings, they were subjected to the following tests: Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and BET in order to characterize them. The results of the bench scale showed that the cracked products Gross (PCB's) achieved in thermal catalytics oil crackings using as a catalyst 15% Red Mud Calcined at 800 ° C and 15% AA by NaOH 20% solution, had a significant reduction in their Acidity Index (IA's) compared to the IA's of heat and thermal catalytics crackings used with other catalysts. In Semipilot Scale the thermal catalytics crackings were developed with the best results obtained, Bench Scale, between the Red Mud’s Calcined or not in different concentrations (15% of Red Mud Calcined 800 ° C) and between the Activated Aluminas or not at various concentrations (AA with 15% NaOH solution at 20%) compared to IA's, in addition to the thermal cracking which was also reproduced on the scale. Some of the products obtained in Semipilot Scale was submitted to distillation in Bench Scale to obtain fractions corresponding to the tracks: gasoline, kerosene, light diesel and heavy diesel. The RMN analysis of 13C, held on the heat crackings and diesel thermal catalytic with 15% Red Mud Calcined at 800 °C proves that they are basically formed from long chain fatty acids. Moreover, the GC-MS performed in the cut of gasoline range (40 °C- 175 °C) showed that the three gasolines analyzed showed the formation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, olefinic and naphthenic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Farelo de dendê como aditivo sequestrante de umidade na silagem de capim-elefante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-12) SANTOS, Ivan Alberto Palheta; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The objective of this work to review existing literature on the use of additives sequestering moisture, as well as the use of palm kernel meal as a additive for elephant-grass silage, after that, there was a scientific experiment in which we evaluated the effect of adding bran oil palm as an wet kidnapper additive in elephantgrass silage. The chemical qualitative and fermentation were analyzed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications, where the averages of the results of days of closing and opening were analyzed by regression analysis. In the aerobic stability analysis was employed subdivided plots, so that the treatments were randomized in plots and the evaluation times in the subplots. Samples were collected at the time of ensiling and after 190 days of storage for evaluation of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrates (total, non-fibrous, watersoluble, cellulose and hemicellulose), mineral material, lignin and lipids. In the days aerobic samples were collected for pH, nitrogen for ammonia, fungi and yeasts. The elephant grass this experiment showed values of 13.9% DM and 8.25% CP while the FD has 77.2% DM and 16.9% CP. The inclusion of FD had a direct influence on the populations of fungi and yeasts during the aerobic stability, the higher the dose, the less proliferation as a result, the values of pH and NH3-N also showed similar behavior. The inclusion of bran Palm at doses in the range of 10% to 15% can be used in silage of elephant, inhibiting undesired fermentation and making them more stable, doses above this value may affect the nutritive value of silage by high lignin content of the additive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nutrient intake and digestibility of the lipid residue of biodiesel from palm oil in sheep
(2012-11) RAIOL, Laura Cristina Barra; KUSS, Fernando; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; SOARES, Bruno Cabral; SOUZA, Karla Débora Santana de; COLODO, Juliana Cristina Nogueira; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of lipid residue of biodiesel originated in the processing of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in the diet on the digestibility of feedlot lambs. Twenty-five crossbred male castrated lambs, weighing 20±1.61 kg, were distributed in randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications. The experimental period lasted 22 days; 15 for diet adaptation, 2 for the adaptation to the indicator LIPE (lignin from Eucalyptus grandis isolated, purified and enriched, UFMG, Minas Gerais) and 5 for fecal sampling. Diets were formulated with 64% concentrate based on corn and soybean meal, 31% Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv. Massai) hay and 5% lipid supplementation from increasing levels of substitution of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of palm oil for biodiesel oil from palm residue. The lambs were offered two meals a day, at 7h00 and 16h00. There was linear effect of inclusion of the residue from palm oil biodiesel on dry matter intake. There was no change in digestibility of nutrients except for ether extract. The use of biodiesel from palm oil residue up to 100% replacement for the lipid supplementation of sheep positively influences the consumption without altering the digestibility of nutrients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Propriedades ópticas e térmicas da oleína de palma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) NUNES, Edson Carlos de Barros; ALCANTARA JUNIOR, Petrus Agrippino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8771105422068014
We used an experimental methodology to investigate optical and thermal properties of palm olein (PO), the liquid fraction of the palm oil (Elaies guineensis) obtained by natural fractionation with physical properties very different of the oil. In a first approach, we study both the absorption and emission spectra monitoring the modifications in the spectral curves caused by the increase of the concentration of β-carotene diluted into PO. This procedure allowed to find the molar absorption coefficient of the β-carotene (ε = 920,802 L.mol-1.cm-1). This value is very small compared with β-carotene diluted in pure solvent like benzene or n-hexane. Measurements of the absorption spectra of β-carotene in pure hexane allow us to measure ε = 117.900 L.mol-1.cm-1, only 18% below of that reported in the literature. In a second approach, the absorption spectra were used to measure the absorption coefficient of the PO, A = 0,028 cm-1 at 532 nm, the wavelength of a laser used as excitation source to investigate thermal properties of the PO by thermal lens spectroscopy. In this sense, was measured too the thermal coefficient of the refractive index of the PO, dn/dt = -3,821 x 10-4°C-1, using an Abbé’s refractometer coupled to a thermal bath with controlled temperature. These results associated with the aberrant model for thermal lens spectroscopy studies, allowed to measure the thermal diffusion coefficient, D = 2,19 ± 0,11 x 10-4 cm2/s, and the thermal conductivity, k = 5,96 ± 0,08 W/m°C, from the palm olein. Although the thermal properties measured for the PO not been knowledge in the literature yet, one observes that they has the same order of magnitude of the similar thermal properties measured in other vegetable oils reported in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulação do processo de desacidificação do produto líquido orgânico do craqueamento termo catalítico de óleo de palma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-02) SANTOS, André Luiz Bonelar dos; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
The suggested approach to lead this work aims at the simulation comparative analysis between two process routes, both able to be applied in the deacidification process and both responsible to adequate the Organic Liquid Product (OLP) acid obtained by the process of Thermocatalytic cracking of oil palm for separation of the fractions in derivatives step, in order to define which process performs the higher operational efficiency. To elaborate the process flow diagram it was used the process simulator ASPEN HYSYS Version 8.4, part of the package Aspen ONE from Aspen Technology. The analyzed cases were the liquid-liquid extraction and the fractional distillation. For the acidification process by liquid-liquid extraction the flow diagram was designed through three extraction stages in series, followed by two separator vessels and two distillation columns, one of them containing 10 theoretical plates for recovery of the hydrocarbons contained in the refined stream, and the other containing 05 theoretical plates to suit the acidity contained in the stream with high hydrocarbonets level to the limit set in the ANP standard. For the acidification process via fractional distillation it was designed a process flow diagram which consists of a column with 25 theoretical plates. In the simulation it was evaluated the impacts on yield and energy consumption of the process variations caused by the acidity of the feed stream, water content of the ethanol used as the solvent, number of plates of the column and energy recovery initiatives lost along the flow . In the simulated conditions, both processes have proven to be effective in the acidification process of the PLO, being obtained from the liquid-liquid extraction 80% and the fractional distillation 91% of the total acidity removal, however, the fractional distillation proved to be more effective for presenting an operating cost lower than the 34.1% obtained by liquid-liquid extraction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): development and reproduction in Lepidoptera palm oil pests
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2019-09) RIBEIRO, Rafael Coelho; ZANUNCIO, José Cola; PARREIRA, Mariana Casari; MAHMOUD, Hany Ahmed Fouad Hanafy; PIKART, Tiago Georg; SOARES, Marcos Alvarega; CASTRO, Eustaquio Vinicius Ribeiro
Brazil is a leading palm oil producer, but the defoliating caterpillars Opsiphanes invirae Hübner Brassolis sophorae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) can reduce the productivity of this crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and reproduction of the parasitoid Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of these oil palm defoliators. Ten O. invirae or B. sophorae pupae with up to two days old were exposed each to 30 T. diatraeae females for 48 hours. Parasitism and emergence of the progeny of T. diatraeae were similar in pupae of both Lepidoptera defoliators. The life cycle of this parasitoid was shorter in O. invirae (21.50 ± 0.42 days) pupae than with those of B. sophorae (27.60 ± 1.80 days). The number of the progeny (669.00 ± 89.62) and dead immature (217.13 ± 58.18) of T. diatraeaewere higher in B. sophorae pupae than in those of O. invirae with 447.83 ± 51.52 and 13.50 ± 5.23, respectively. The sex ratio and female and male longevity of T. diatraeae emerged from these hosts were similar. The reproductive traits, especially the number of individuals (offspring) of T. diatraeae were better with B. sophorae pupae than with those of O. invirae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal do efluxo de dióxido de carbono CO² do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-20) SILVA, Carolina Melo da; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
The Amazon region has been subjected to continuous deforestation and expansion of land use for the implementation of activities such as cattle ranching, logging, agriculture, mining and urbanization. The burning and decomposition of forest biomass releases gases that contribute to global warming, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context, there is interest in assessing the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in the Amazon, especially in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroforestry systems, due to the current large expansion of this crop in the state of Pará, which has become one of the largest producers of the country. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in palm oil cultivation in agroforestry systems in the Amazon considering temporal and biotic and abiotic factors that directly influence this process. We quantified biotic factors: microbial biomass, total soil carbon, soil basal respiration, fine root and soil zone of influence of planted species, and abiotic factors: moisture and soil temperature, in two oil palm-based agroforestry systems (adubadeiras and biodiverso systems), during the dry and rainy periods. The results showed that the highest soil CO2 efflux occurred during the rainy season, probably due to increased microbial activity during this period influenced by climatic factors coupled with biotic factors. The biodiverso system showed higher soil efflux than the fertilizer adubadeiras system, probably due to increase biological activity in former system. The soil CO2 efflux showed no strong correlation with the tested variables. It was concluded that the soil CO2 efflux was influenced by rainfall seasonality only. The fact that the systems were be too young (~3 yr-old) may represent the main factor for a lack of stronger relationship of soil CO2 efflux and the variables analyzed.