Navegando por Assunto "Eletrofisiologia visual"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparison of the reliability of multifocal visual evoked cortical potentials generated by pattern reversal and pattern pulse stimulation
(2012-10) SOUZA, Givago da Silva; SCHAKELFORD, H.B.; MOURA, Ana Laura de Araújo; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; VENTURA, Dora Selma Fix; FITZGERALD, M.E.C.; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima
This study compared the effectiveness of the multifocal visual evoked cortical potentials (mfVEP) elicited by pattern pulse stimulation with that of pattern reversal in producing reliable responses (signal-to-noise ratio >1.359). Participants were 14 healthy subjects. Visual stimulation was obtained using a 60-sector dartboard display consisting of 6 concentric rings presented in either pulse or reversal mode. Each sector, consisting of 16 checks at 99% Michelson contrast and 80 cd/m2 mean luminance, was controlled by a binary m-sequence in the time domain. The signal-to-noise ratio was generally larger in the pattern reversal than in the pattern pulse mode. The number of reliable responses was similar in the central sectors for the two stimulation modes. At the periphery, pattern reversal showed a larger number of reliable responses. Pattern pulse stimuli performed similarly to pattern reversal stimuli to generate reliable waveforms in R1 and R2. The advantage of using both protocols to study mfVEP responses is their complementarity: in some patients, reliable waveforms in specific sectors may be obtained with only one of the two methods. The joint analysis of pattern reversal and pattern pulse stimuli increased the rate of reliability for central sectors by 7.14% in R1, 5.35% in R2, 4.76% in R3, 3.57% in R4, 2.97% in R5, and 1.78% in R6. From R1 to R4 the reliability to generate mfVEPs was above 70% when using both protocols. Thus, for a very high reliability and thorough examination of visual performance, it is recommended to use both stimulation protocols.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eletrofisiologia da visão em modelo experimental de ratos com diabetes e hipotireoidismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-28) GUIMARÃES, Glenda Figueira; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health problem because of its potential morbidity and mortality. This pathology is characterized as a metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia, results from an absolute or relative deficiency in the secretion and/or insulin action. Associated to this case, problems with the thyroid are often found in patients with diabetes, especially with advancing age. Furthermore, there is a body of knowledge describing that both diabetes and hypothyroidism cause visual loss, however, there are not many publications on the physiology involving both pathologies in conjunction with the visual complications. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate issues relevant to a more detailed understanding of the framework for the evolution of retinal impairment in animal models simultaneously affected by two diseases: diabetes and hypothyroidism. For this, 50 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used, two-months-old, weighing between 80 to 120 grams, divided into four groups: a control group without procedures; a group with hypothyroidism opting for a bilateral experimental model of thyroidectomy; a group with diabetes, with application of 200 mg/kg to 2% Aloxana; and two groups with both pathologies, adopting both experimental procedures by changing the sequence of the pathologies in question. In the studied groups, it was used the electroretinogram (ERG), a non-invasive method widely used in academia to evaluate the visual changes, in different periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. We found a decrease in the average amplitude of the wave-a of the animals in the groups with diabetes and with both pathologies in all the realized registrations, the ones that showed the highest statistical differences were in relation to the registration of maximum estocópica, as well as difference in oscillatory potential of both groups with both pathologies. These results support the hypothesis that both concomitant pathologies (diabetes and hypothyroidism) significantly diminish the ERG responses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ganho de contraste do potencial cortical provocado visual multifocal: efeitos da excentricidade e do modo de estimulação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-29) SILVA, Veronica Gabriela Ribeiro da; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
This study evaluated effects of eccentricity and mode presentation on the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEPS) recordings extracted by second-order kernels and its possible contributions from parallel visual pathways. Nine subjects (22.5 ± 3.7 years-old) were studied. All the subjects had 20/20 or corrected visual acuity and no previous history of neuro-ophtahlmic diseases or degenerative diseases. The subjects were tested with non dilated pupil in a monocular way. All the experimental procedures agreed to the tenets of Helsinki and were approved by Committee for Ethic in Research of Nucleus of Tropical Medicine (023/2011 protocol, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil). A CRT monitor displayed a 22º radius, 60 sectors dartboard, each sector with 16 checks (8 white and 8 black), pattern mean luminance of 40 cd/m2. The pattern selection to be shown in each sector was temporally modulated according to a binary pseudorandom m-sequence. Two stimulation protocols were used and we called them as pattern reversal and pattern pulse. Stimulus was presented at five Michelson contrast levels (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) in two trials with increasing and decreasing contrast order. The subject was instructed to keep the eye in a red cross (1º) placed at the center of the screen. Veris 6.01 was used to configure the stimuli. mfVEPs were recorded with gold cup electrodes: the reference electrode was placed at the inion; the recording electrodes were placed at, 4 cm above the inion (channel 1), 1 cm above and 4 cm to the right of the inion (channel 2), 1 cm above and 4 cm to the left of the inion (channel 3). Ground surface electrode was placed at the forehead. Skin impedance was kept below 5 KOhm. Recordings were amplified 100.000x, band-pass filtered between 3 and 100 Hz. The Veris 6.1 performed an offline low-pass filtering at 35 Hz. Veris 6.1 was used to extract first (K2.1) and second (K2.2) slices from second-order kernels data from original channels. Using MATLAB routines three additional channels were computed from the subtraction of the three original channels. For each subject, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) evaluation was performed over the averaged data of two trials in each one of the 6 channels. We measured the RMS amplitude of signal and noise interval of each recording. Finally, we analyzed the waveforms with best SNR for each sector. Mean RMS amplitude for each of six eccentric rings (R1 and R6 are the inner and outer rings, respectively) and for all rings together as a function of stimulus contrast was modeled using Michaelis-Menten functions. Semi-saturation constant (C50) of the contrast-response function was used as indicator of response contrast gain. For pattern reversal protocol contrast-response functions from K2.1/K2.2 had the following C50 values: R1: 35,5% ± 9,3; R2: 26,5% ± 6,5; R3: 22,4% ± 8,8; R4: 18,4% ± 4,4; R5: 20,6% ± 9,3; R6: 26,7% ± 12 / R1: 38,4% ± 4,2; R2: 27,4% ± 7,4; R3: 20,2% ± 4,9; R4: 22,4% ± 4,2; R5: 18,7% ± 3,2; R6: 23,1% ± 8,9. For pattern pulse protocol contrast-response functions from K2.1/K2.2 had the following C50 values: R1: 0; R2: 44,7% ± 10,5; R3: 38,3% ± 12,1; R4: 45,8% ± 12,1; R5: 49,4% ± 16,1; R6: 47,8% ± 14,7 / R1: 0; R2: 50,2% ± 10,3; R3: 48,2% ± 11,1; R4: 28,5% ± 4,2; R5: 54,3% ± 16,2; R6: 0. Two contrast sensitivity mechanisms contribute to mfVEPs elicited by stimuli located in the central visual field, one mechanism with higher contrast gain (pattern reversal mfVEP) and other mechanism with low contrast gain (pattern pulse). For stimulus at the periphery visual field, mechanism with high contrast gain contributed to the generation of mfVEPs elicited by all stimulation modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação de danos visuais em pacientes diagnosticados com meningite criptocócica não associada à imunossupressão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-20) LACERDA, Eliza Maria da Costa Brito; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9383834641490219
Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe infectious disease caused by Cryptococcus spp., which has high lethality and causes sensorial sequels. The most important sequels are visual impairments. The aim of this study was to describe the visual losses suffered by patients without immunosupression history, diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis in order to indicate a possible mechanism and risk factors for the visual sequels. The work was composed by a case series study with cryptococcal meningitis without immunosupression history (n =7 patients, 14 = eyes) and an epidemiological study of all the cases of cryptococcal meningitis without immunosupression history notified during 14 years in the reference hospital of Para State (n = 113 cases). In the case series study, the visual functions of a sample of patients were studied by ophthalmological, psychophysical, and electrophysiological evaluation. The epidemiological study analyzed the medical records data focusing on visual impairment. It was observed that the studied patients in the case series study had visual acuity impairment. Even in patients without clinical complaints, color discrimination, luminance contrast sensitivity, and visual field were impaired. The results indicated central retina commitment as the principal responsible for a cascade of alterations that prevented the normal upstream image processing, at the visual cortex level. It is suggested that the observed visual dysfunction was due not only to optic nerve damage. The principal risk factors for the visual alterations observed in the epidemiological study were disease time before the beginning of the treatment and patient immunological response.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação do potencial cortical provocado visual para padrão reverso em pacientes diagnosticados com epilepsia parcial e generalizada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-02) DUARTE, Regina Célia Beltrão; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9383834641490219
The present work evaluated the visual evoked cortical potential of children with clinical history of epilepsy in order to identify electrophysiological marker indicating cortical changes in epilepsy. Thirty-four subjects with history of epilepsy along the lifetime (18 subjects diagnosed with partial epilepsy and 16 subjects diagnosed with generalized epilepsy). The control group was composed by 19 subjects age-matched with no history of epilepsy. Visual evoked cortical potential components for pattern-reversal presentation of chessboards were evaluated in amplitude, implicit time, and amplitude ratio of components. It was observed that generalized epilepsy patients had larger N75 than other two groups, whilst N75/P100 and P100/N135 ration were smaller in partial epilepsy patients than other groups. There was weak correlation between the electrophysiological parameters and the age of seizures onset or time of antiepileptic drugs intake. In conclusion, N75 amplitude and amplitude ratio can be good electrophysiological markers to cortical changes in epilepsy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial cortical provocado visual gerado por estímulos pseudoisocromáticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-11) SALOMÃO, Railson Cruz; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
Visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP) are useful the investigation of color vision mechanisms and color vision dysfunctions. Chromatic sinusoidal gratings are generally used to elicit VECP, but they require long psychophysical measurements to match the perceptual brightness between their stripes. An alternative is to replace them by pseudoisochromatic stimuli which make use of luminance noise to mask brightness clues and force the target perception to be dependent of chromatic contrast. In this work, we compared VECPs generated by sinusoidal and pseudoisochromatic gratings. This research was approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Protocol #570434. Seven normal trichromats were tested with chromatic sinusoidal gratings and illusory gratings provided by the pseudoisochromatic design of 0.33, 0.66, 1, 1.33, 1.66, and 2 cpd, presented in pattern reversal (1 Hz) and pattern onset (300 ms) – offset (700 ms) modes. The signals were recorded using surface electrodes, amplified x30,000, digitized at 1 kHz, and filtered between 0.1-100 Hz. Pattern reversal VECPs elicited by pseudoisochromatic gratings had similar amplitude and latency compared to those elicited by sinusoidal gratings. Onsetoffset VECPs elicited by sinusoidal gratings had larger amplitude and shorter latency than those obtained with pseudoisochromatic stimuli. Different visual mechanisms are responsible for the cortical responses evoked by illusory stimuli when presented in different stimulation modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Propriedades espaciais das respostas isoladas de cones L e M ao eletrorretinograma: implicações sobre a atividade das vias visuais paralelas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-16) JACOB, Mellina Monteiro; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851
We studied the spatial arrangement of L- and M-cone driven electroretinograms (ERGs) reflecting the activity of magno- and parvocellular pathways. L- and M-cone isolating sine wave stimuli were created with a four primary LED stimulator using triple silent substitution paradigms. Temporal frequencies were 8 and 12 Hz, to reflect cone opponent activity, and 30, 36 and 48 Hz to reflect luminance activity. The responses were measured for full-field stimuli and for different circular and annular stimuli. The ERG data confirm the presence of two different mechanisms at intermediate and high temporal frequencies. The responses measured at high temporal frequencies strongly depended upon spatial stimulus configuration. In the full-field conditions, the L-cone driven responses were substantially larger than the full-field M-cone driven responses and also than the L-cone driven responses with smaller stimuli. The M-cone driven responses at full-field and with 70° diameter stimuli displayed similar amplitudes. The L- and M-cone driven responses measured at 8 and 12 Hz were of similar amplitude and approximately in counter-phase. The amplitudes were constant for most stimulus configurations. The results indicate that, when the ERG reflects luminance activity, it is positively correlated with stimulus size. Beyond 35° retinal eccentricity, the retina mainly contains L-cones. Small stimuli are sufficient to obtain maximal ERGs at low temporal frequencies where the ERGs are also sensitive to cone-opponent processing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Valores normativos para o eletrorretinograma de campo total
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-02) JACOB, Mellina Monteiro; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932238030330851
Many visual electrophysiology laboratories don’t have their own normal values for full-field electroretinogram. This impairs the reliability of the diagnosis of various diseases affecting the visual pathways. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish normative values for the full-field electroretinogram to the Laboratory of Tropical Neurology (LNT) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). Were tested using the electroretinogram 68 healthy subjects without visual complaints, divided into three groups according to age group: 36 subjects belonged to group 1 (17 to 30 years), 21 subjects in group 2 (31 to 45 years) and 11 individuals in group 3 (46 to 60 years). Six types of stimulus that follow ISCEV standards were presented. Four dark-adapted: 0.01 cd.s/m2 (rod response), 3.0 cd.s/m2 (mixed response and oscillatory potentials) and 10.0 cd.s/m2 (mixed additional response). Two light-adapted, 3.0 cd.s/m2 (Cone response and Flicker 30Hz), with 30 cd/m2 background adaptation. For analysis, a-wave and b-wave amplitude and implicit times values were calculated. These values were statistically described using the following values: median, confidence interval, 1st and 3rd quartiles, coefficient of variation, mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum values. The older age groups had lower amplitude and delayed implicit time. Wavelet transform allowed better visualization of waves without change of amplitude and implicit time. Therefore, the normative values obtained can serve as reliable parameters of normality to assist the diagnosis of retinal diseases.