Navegando por Assunto "Energia elétrica"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem CTS por meio de tema: consumo doméstico de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-23) CARVALHO, Ricardo Haroldo de; ALMEIDA, Ana Cristina Pimentel Carneiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1265908866509687
As a teacher I could clearly understand, through my experience, the necessity of a Science teaching involving the real context of the learner. The reflections on my teaching practice motivated me to a teaching challenge that made a relation between the student conceptual domain and the real situations in his community . Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate evidences of a critical attidude from the CTS teaching conception through problems presented related to electrical energy consumption. I tried to answer the researching question about how to enable critical analysis from students regarding to their own use of residential electricity. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach, the action research type. A workshop was developed using conceptual energy content, in order to integrate the topics of the teaching unit. As an analysis strategy of the collected data, I developed an interpretative analysis, the intention was to give meaning to the situations raised by the students during the classes. The information was obtained through questionnaires and records in field notes. The results presented that CTS teaching approach enabled students the critical thinking mainly about values and ethical issues, relating their social reality to the habit of excessive electrical energy consumption,considering that for some students the illegal connection is a justification for wasting energy. The research has shown the dialogic and changing potential of this educational approach as the record of some students changing attitudes in that situation. I believe that, in this sense, this project demonstrated that CTS approach in schools is possible and that citizenship needs to be developed, being the technological scientific literacy of their rights and duties important for the students good achievement in society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade de energia em sistemas de distribuição através de medição e fluxo de carga harmônico trifásico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-10) BRANCHE, Marcos Nascimento; BEZERRA, Ubiratan Holanda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542769654042813; TOSTES, Maria Emília de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4197618044519148
This work presents an analysis about the power quality, carried out in a real electrical energy distribution grid, considering different customers groups, located in the low voltage grid. The study was made in two steps. The first one through measurements registered in the transformers of the distribution grid supplied by CEA – Amapá’s Electricity Company, previously classified in groups as: commercial group, residential group and home-and-commercial group, identifying and characterizing the generators sources of harmonics generation in the system, making possible, this way, an analysis of the harmonic injection level in the distribution grid as well as the impacts these distribution sources of harmonic generation can provoke in the power quality offered by the CEA utility. The last stage of the study presents the use of a threephase harmonic load flow, where, considering the harmonic profile found out through the measurements carried out, a global evaluation of the system is provided.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de dados e definição de indicadores para a regulação de usinas termelétricas dos sistemas isolados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-11-28) CONDE, Cláudio Luciano da Rocha; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421; BRANCO, Tadeu da Mata Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8911039344594817
This thesis proposes an efficient and low cost monitoring system of electrical parameters and fuel consumption of thermal plants of the Brazilian isolated electrical systems, almost all located in the Amazon Region. These systems have many operational problems, usually related to the great distances and lack of data necessary to provide power quality and fuel consumption control. The analysis of the acquired data after the implantation of the considered system in four thermal plants in the State of Pará became possible, among other results, the development of an indicator (IMU) that can be used in the short and average planning studies. The viability of the proposed solution for the operative and regulatory control stimulated the development of a methodology to install monitoring systems all over the isolated systems of Brazil, included in a Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) regulatory act.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco de geração de eletricidade com sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede usando o método de Monte Carlo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-15) PEREIRA, Edinaldo José da Silva; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents a risk analysis of the economic feasibility for energy generation systems, based on the Monte Carlo Method. Initially is presented a vision of the state of the art concerned to the participation of the main sources of renewable energy in the world, in particular in Brazil, in order to highlight the importance of them in the world. The efficient and rational use of energy is evidenced when the design of any energy efficient building, being the GEDAE/UFPA’s building presented as an example of construction that seeks to apply the characteristics of energy efficiency, bioclimatic architecture and environmental comfort. Based in the GEDAE/UFPA’s building, one of its SFCRs is presented and its economic analysis is performed using initially a deterministic approach and later a probabilistic analysis, via Monte Carlo Method. The cost of electric energy produced and the net present value, in a first moment, are used as dependent variables in the last analysis, due their easy interpretation. Modified internal rate of return and the discounted payback are dependent variables used later to better qualify the investor's decision against the risks assumed, since the use of only the first two may lead, as occurred in the case study analyzed, to results with comparable risks between the various alternatives proposed. In Brazil, in front of lack of an effective national policy for development of SFCRs, a national proposal to leverage the use of these systems is presented, quantifying the risk assumed by the investor and by the Federal Government adopting such proposal. The results show that SFCRs in Brazil nearly achieved the parity tariff for three-phase residential consumers. In addition, each year maintenance of the proposed adoption of incentive presented, here called green bonus, over 800 MWp could be added to the brazilian energy matrix. And if in this proposal, were applied a reduction of import taxes or an incentive for the establishment of a national industry that could reach a decrease in acquisition costs of the PV generator/inverter set up to 20%, an annual insertion of almost 1 GWp in the national energy matrix could be achieved, with a payback time for producer lower than six years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do desempenho hidroenergético de sistemas de abastecimento de água do município de Marabá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-01) RODRIGUES, Rubens Chaves; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Analysis of the performance of hydroelectric Water Supply Systems in the city of Maraba / PA, managed by the Business Unit Tocantins (UNITA), the Sanitation Company of the Para. The study was conducted in three phases, with information from the National Information System on Sanitation (NHIS) and COSANPA. In phase one was operating the routine analysis of water supply system Nova Maraba - Nova Maraba (16,738 links) and system Maraba Pioneira (2093 links) in the year 2010, with emphasis on production volumes and consumption of water and energy cost electric, in Phase 2 were determined performance indicators hydropower; ending in Phase 3 was proposed procedures for improving the management hydropower. In the survey it was found that the total volume of water produced 15.8 million m³/year required 8,817 MWh / year, resulting in spending of $ 2 million / year of electricity, which was the second largest item of operating expenses (32.2%) of COSANPA in the city of Maraba. The cost of electricity by binding to R$ 9.32 / R$ 7.66 and link / connection systems in the Nova Maraba – Cidade Nova an d Maraba Pioneira, respectively, with overall average price per kWh consumed and average expenditure of energy per cubic meter of water produced in Nova Maraba – Cidade Nova (R$ 0.23 / kWh and R$ 0.14 /m³) and Maraba Pioneira (R$ 0.21 / kWh and R$ 0.07 / m³), occurring variation in rates of energy intensity (kWh/m³) in the SAA. With the work procedures are proposed to increase the control efficiency in the operation of hydroelectric systems, such as sectorization, macro-measurement, micro-measurement, automation, which will bring positive impact in reducing costs for water supply in the city of Maraba/PA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e aprimoramento da legislação tributária do icms do estado do Pará, em relação às operações com energia elétrica e sobre a circulação de bens de consumo supérfluo: uma nova regulamentação com enfoque na seletividade, capacidade econômica e justiça fiscal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-28) MAIA, Daniel Hissa; COELHO, Saulo de Oliveira Pinto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6725961067847325; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-6539
State tax policy is a substantive element in the equation that levels (or unlevels) inequalities. There would be no point in having an ideal system of progressive public spending if, concomitantly, there is a regressive tax system, which would only result in the maintenance of the social status quo. This equation, however, must be faced by the existing tools in Tax Law. In this context, the main objective of this intervention project is to analyze aspects of the application of selectivity, economic capacity and fiscal justice, in terms of the ICMS levied on operations with electrical energy and on superfluous consumer goods in Pará legislation, the consider the impact of these incidences on the income of people from Pará, on state revenue and on development. Methodologically, the research is based on bibliographical review and documentary analysis, with an emphasis on comparative study, seeking to analyze tax legislation, governing jurisprudence (specifically, Theme n. 745/STF and ADIN n. 7.111/PA), evaluate the legal limitations and possibilities for implementing the principles of tax justice. The consumption of electricity in the population of Pará is addressed, through the analysis of POF/IBGE-2018 and ANEEL data, as well as the consumption patterns of superfluous goods; tax collection data is exposed; the impacts of the latest tax policies on ICMS-Electric Energy are analyzed; and a comparative study is carried out between the legislations, taking an exploratory bias with a qualitative and quantitative approach. As a result, the research proposes to intervene in the legislation of the State of Pará, through the elaboration of the regulatory project with two destinations: the first destined to the ICMS taxation on electrical energy; and the second, to superfluous consumer goods, in search of new parameters, based on disconnected incrementalism, that improve Pará taxation towards achieving selectivity, guided by the principles of fiscal equality and the ability to contribute.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da estabilidade de tensão do sistema brasileiro: um caso de estudo
(2008-09) AFFONSO, Carolina de Mattos; SILVA, Luciano José da; SILVA, Luiz Carlos Pereira da
This paper presents results of a study of the Brazilian system operation in respect to voltage stability criteria. The analyses are applied using real-life data from the operation and planning. The system is divided in 4 regions: North, Northeast, South and Southeast/West Center. System stability margin is evaluated for each one of these areas. The results show that Brazilian system has stability margin much lower than the existing voltage stability criteria, limited by the Southeast/West Center region. A detailed analysis of this critical area is performed. This paper also presents the stability margin behavior during a typical weekday curve and a contingency analysis. The contingency severity is verified by using the modal analysis technique assessing each contingency impact classifying as local, area or systemic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do consumo e da despesa de energia elétrica no estudo de concepção de sistema de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-25) FERREIRA, Jorge Fernando Hungria; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The definition of the Water Supply Systems (WSS) design is an important stage in the municipalities planning, since it has a direct impact in the implementation, operation and maintenance costs, and, as a consequence, in the economic sustainability of water supply companies. Thus, in the present research were studied alternatives of WSS design to the urban area Castanhal, considering the values of electricity energy consumption and operational cost in the period 2017-2037. The research was divided in three stages, being in the first characterized the Castanhal WSS (that uses underground water). After that, two alternatives of WSS design with raw water abstraction were analyzed and dimensioned. In the third stage, simulation was performed in the EPANET 2.0 Software to compare the consumption and cost of electric energy in the operational routines of WSS design alternatives. In the research, 14 WSS’s were identified in the Castanhal urban area, with capture in 46 shallow wells and 13 deep wells and with water treatment and reservation problems, attending only 28.36% of the urban population and 47.86% of loss index in distribution water. The WSS design alternatives were with superficial abstraction of raw water, one from Guamá river and another from Inhangapi river; with treatment and distribution of 64,293 m³/d to attend 270,935 inhabitants in 2037; and with operational routine to minimize pumping at peak time. After the dimensioning of WSS units and the simulations in the EPANET 2.0 software, 21,600,000 data were systematized, being 10,972,800 of water flow, 9,676,800 of manometric height and 950,400 of water level. With the results of the 2017 simulation, it was verified that the CE and DE values of the Guamá WSSs (0.53 kWh/m³ and 0.29 R$/m³) and Inhangapi (0.48 kWh/m³ and 0.26 R$/m³) were lower than the Actual WSS values (0.83 kWh/m³ and 0.35 R$/m³). In the results of the 2037 simulations of electricity consumption and cost, the best hydroenergetic performance of Inhangapi WSS (988,280 kWh/month and R$ 2.816.629,91/month) was verified in comparison with Guamá WSS (1,108,260 kWh/month and R$ 3.144.285,08/month), consuming at peak time 0.91% (10,112 kWh/month) in Guamá WSS and 1.01% (9,959 kWh/month) in Inhangapi WSS of total electricity consumption. Considering the present value of the accumulated electric energy cost in the project horizon, Inhangapi WSS (R$ 98.987.348,36) had savings of R$ 10.419.463,93 (9.52%) in relation to Guamá WSS (R$ 109.406.812,29), reason for the Inhangapi WSS to be defined as the best design alternative to universalization of water supply in the urban area of Castanhal in the period from 2017 to 2037.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do desempenho hidroenergético do sistema de abastecimento de água Utinga – Bolonha – Setor Guanabara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) DUARTE, Cinthya Karen Assunção do Rosário; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
Analyze the Hydroenergetic Efficiency in Water Supply Systems. The research was carried out in three stages, having as study area the Guanabara sector of SAA Utinga - Bologna, located in the municipality of Ananindeua / PA. Initially, operational and commercial data were obtained in technical documents and field visits were carried out. Then, the data collected were systematized and detailed by unit and group of units, as recommended by Pereira and Condurú (2014). In the last step, the SWOT matrix was used to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to hydroenergy efficiency in the Guanabara sector. In the results it was verified that much of the volume of pumped water is lost in leaks and / or clandestine connections or routed to other areas. It was also verified the great consumption of electric energy in the CMBs in the peak times of charging, which raises expenses and reduces the hydroenergetic efficiency in the Guanabara sector. With the SWOT analysis, it was possible to observe that, even in the current unfavorable scenario, the SAA Utinga - Bologna - Sector Guanabara can reach adequate hydroenergetic sustainability index, provided that actions are implemented in the internal environments and the opportunities in the external environment are taken advantage of. In the research it was observed that the detail of the data is important, as well as that the SWOT matrix can be used for the analysis of the hydroenergetic efficiency of water supply systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para implantação de centrais maremotrizes: aplicação na costa atlântica do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-06) OLIVEIRA, Luciana Leal Pimentel; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
It presents a methodology for deploying tidal plants, which were modeled phenomena and parameters needed for basic studies project. The chosen study area was the Atlantic Coast Pará. Thus, a simplified model is proposed to represent the reservoir. This model was validated with the results obtained from the bathymetry held in the estuary of Bacanga in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. In addition to the reservoir modeling, tidal heights were shaped by the Hermitian interpolation process. The diameter of the turbine was determined by correlations available in literature. The flow resulting from the height of variation between the sea and the reservoir caused by tidal variations, was determined by Hazen-Williams formula. The modeling of the reservoir and the tide high, more methods of determining the diameter of the turbine and the flow, allowed the determination of the installed capacity and energy generated at each site studied, which were classified as small, medium and large size. Subsequently, the cost analysis was performed for each location, including investment cost, operation, maintenance and unit energy cost. The investment cost of tidal power in comparison with other energy sources, is high. However, the unit cost of energy is much lower than the unit cost of energy of its main competitor in the region, the diesel generators. The modeling of the three cases mentioned above and your energy costs and generated results show that tidal power has the potential to be exploited in the Atlantic Coast of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologia para avaliação de desempenho hidroenergético de sistemas de abastecimento de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-19) REGO, Augusto da Gama; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
This doctoral thesis aims developing a methodology and implementing it on software in order to evaluate a water supply system (WSS) hydro-energetic performance, as well as applying it on a real scale WSS. This paper was carried out in two stages: 1) modeling the hydro-energetic performance evaluation process, establishing of formulations to calculate hydro-energetic losses and implementing methodology on software; 2) applying the methodology at a real scale WSS, which required monitoring of hydraulic and electrical quantities and simulating this WSS at Epanet 2.0. The first stage results consisted at defined hydro-energetic losses and conceptualize hydro-energetic performance on the proposed methodology, which consists sequences of actions and mathematical formulation to calculate hydro-energetic losses at the WSS, as well as to evaluate WSS hydro-energetic performance and, finally, at methodology implementation in a software using Visual Basic for Applications (named as SADHE2A) and successfully tested at the WSS with synthetic data. The second stage results are related to methodology application at WSS of Guanabara (located at Ananindeua city, Pará, Brazil), using SADHE2A – versão Beta, in which were identified water global losses of 55.42% and electrical energy global losses of 8.31% (both classified as “bad” by the methodology), resulting in an economical deficit of 17,981.77 R$/month. This value is equivalent to 57.61% of electrical energy costs, since raw water pumping to the final water costumer. Finally, the methodology developed has met the research expectations to calculate the water losses and electricity consumed losses and to evaluate the hydro-energetic performance of the WSS in Brazil and world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Despacho ótimo de redes integradas de energia elétrica e de gás natural com restrições de segurança via árvores de decisão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-07) COSTA, Denis Carlos Lima; VIEIRA, João Paulo Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188999223769913; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
This thesis proposes the use of a decision tree (DT) based security dispatch method applied to integrated electric power and natural-gas networks (IPGN) against credible contingencies that may cause violations. Preventive adjustments to the optimal electric energy generation and gas production are carried out based on the security regions and boundaries of controllable variables determined by the DTs. The easily interpretable DT’s rules that describe the security regions are tractable constraints to be included in the optimization routines of electricity generation and gas production rescheduling. Some specific critical contingencies applied to the IEEE 118-bus test system integrated with the 15-node natural gas network are taken as examples to demonstrate a promising application of the proposed security dispatch method to restore IPGN security.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Electric systems failures produced by CG lightning in Eastern Amazonia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12) SANTOS, Ana Paula Paes dos; SOUZA, José Ricardo Santos de; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; CARMO, Alexandre Melo Casseb do; RIBEIRO, Wanda Maria do Nascimento
Operational records of power outages of the electric energy distribution systems in eastern Amazonia presented a large number of events attributed to lightning strikes, during the 2006 to 2009 period. The regional electricity concessionary data were compared to actual lightning observations made by SIPAM’s LDN system, over two areas where operational sub systems of transmission lines are installed. Statistical relations were drawn between the monthly lightning occurrence density and the number of power outages of the electric systems for both areas studied. The results showed that, although with some delays between these variables peaks, the number of power disruptions has a tendency to follow the behavior of the lightning occurrence densities variations. The numerical correlations were positive and may be useful to the transmission lines maintenance crews at least for the Belém-Castanhal electricity distribution sub system. Evidence was found, that the SST’s over certain areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, influence convection over the area of interest, and may help to prognosticate the periods of intense electric storms, requiring repair readiness for the regional electric systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de algoritmos para classificação de séries temporais: uma aplicação em qualidade de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-24) MORAIS, Jefferson Magalhães de; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
It concerns automatic classification of short circuits in transmission lines. Most trans-mission systems use three phases: A, B and C. Hence, a short-circuit between phases A and B will be identified as AB". Considering the possibility of a short-circuit to ground" (T), the task is to classify a time series into one among eleven possibilities: AT, BT, CT, AB, AC, BC, ABC, ABT, ACT, BCT, ABCT. These faults are responsible for the majority of the distur-bances in electric power systems. Each short circuit is represented by a sequence (time-series) and both online (for each short segment) and offline (taking in account the whole sequence) classification are investigated. To circumvent the current lack of labeled data, the Alternative Transient Program (ATP) simulator is used to create a public comprehensive labeled dataset. Some works in the literature fail to distinguish between ABC and ABCT faults. Then, results differentiated these two faults types adopting preprocessing techniques, different front ends (e.g., wavelets) and learning algorithms (e.g., decision trees and neural networks) are apresented. The computational cost of the some classifiers during the test stage is investigated and the choosing parameters of classiffers is done by automatic model selection. The results indicate that decision trees and neural networks outperform the other methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geração de energia elétrica a partir dos resíduos do processo de beneficiamento do óleo de palma: uma abordagem sustentável para a recuperação de áreas degradadas no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-16) KÜHL, Ricardo Marino; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The deforestation, mainly verified in the Amazon region, has declined, but deforested areas, due to anthropic actions such as agriculture, or pastures opening, are still a hindrance, since the resilience process requires time to act. In this bias, the Agroecological Zoning, Production and Management of Oil Palm Culture in Amazon (ZAE-Dendê), evaluated the degraded areas in the Legal Amazon, aiming the palm plantation to recover them, based on the best practices. The present work goes beyond, evaluating the implantation of palm oil as a way of recovering degraded areas in Pará; the power generation from palm oil processing residues; as well as analyzing carbon dioxide reducing potential. The methodology used, covered the selection of degraded areas in Pará as the study area. Based on theoretical references some data were consolidate: the production of fresh fruits bunches (FFB) per hectare, the amount of waste per tonne of FFB, power generated from the residues and CO2 value fixation and emission. The results related to the CO2 emissions and fixation showed that the palm oil culture has the potential to reduce a range from 180 to 500 million tons of CO2eq., in addition to avoiding emission of 550 to 2,204 million tons of CO2eq., in a production cycle (25 years). The power generation potential verified from the anaerobic digestion of the liquid effluent range from 212 to 531 TWh during a palm oil production cycle. These data attests palm oil residues to become an alternative energy resource, as well as an alternative to degraded areas recovery. Therefore, this work is a subsidy for an Integrated Resource Planning elaboration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O GNL como mecanismo de flexibilização no fornecimento de gás natural para geração termelétrica no Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-14) PEREIRA, Salony Aquino; CUNHA, Edinaldo José de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8714515962963079
Convergence between the natural gas and electricity markets is increasing as a result of the increasing liberalization of the natural gas and electricity markets, as well as increasing environmental constraints, projections of global natural gas demand indicate strong growth, especially in the electricity generation segment. The transport of natural gas in its liquefied form, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), is an important agent for this convergence as well as for the increasing global integration of the natural gas and electricity markets. It is observed that there is a supply of natural gas to be used, but is currently poorly distributed in the Amazon. Considering that there is only one natural gas supplier to Amazonas and conditions are limited for both new business and high investment price, it is important to evaluate new alternatives for natural gas supply and LNG supply is an interesting alternative. The present study evaluates the feasibility of an alternative model based on the possibilities of LNG supply, acting as a mechanism to flexibilize the supply of natural gas and ensuring a better use of electricity generation capacity today installed in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Implementação de um sistema supervisório em unidades geradoras de energia elétrica de sistemas isolados instalados em municípios do estado do Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-30) SILVA, Jefferson Emilio Maciel da; LEITE, Jandecy Cabral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7279183940171317
This master's dissertation consists of an exploratory research carried out by monitoring the maintenance activities carried out in the Thermoelectric Power Plants installed in the cities of the State of Amazonas, with the objective of implementing a monitoring system for electrical quantities coming from engines, also called Engenies Electric Power. This is a field research with qualitative approaches, taking into account the implementation of an automated system to capture the variations in electrical quantities (Voltage, Current, Power and Power Factor) of these energy generating units. The capture of these data, which are the variations of electrical quantities, occurs with the use of PLC, transducers, Modem, among other equipment, which are stored in a database (computer) that using a Supervisory System modeled for this purpose, providing the visualization of these data, in real time, in a friendly and interactive interface. From the monitoring of these data, via a Supervisory System, and with the use of data manipulation tools from the SCADA system, an interface for the generation of graphics was modeled, which significantly contributed to the interpretation of these data. And in addition, make it available remotely, to everyone involved in the activities of the plants, thus being able to access the Supervisory System from anywhere in the world, through the internet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Judicialização da regulação e perda da qualidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica em áreas periférica
(2013-04) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; RAVENA, Nírvia; CONDE, Cláudio Luciano da Rocha
This study analyzes the results from a structural change in the regulation of the public electricity service implemented as a national reform in the late 1990s. We compared the quality of the electricity supply for two companies, one private and one public, operating in the northern Brazil. The quality indicators for the supplied energy deteriorated for the private company, and once penalized by the regulatory agency, the company systematically judicialized the punitive processes. This strategy was not observed in the actions taken by the public company. The possibility for institutional judicialization occurs because these agencies are dependent on judicial frameworks, which operate within a logic that is structurally different than managerial logic. We concluded that judicialization creates the opportunity for procrastination-based behaviors within the context of the regulatory framework for public services, thereby impeding the public strategy of regulation.
Desconhecido
Uma metodologia para enquadramento tarifário eficiente, por meio de análise da demanda e do consumo de energia elétrica: um estudo de caso nas unidades da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-25) SILVA, Dhonny Lima da; FRANCÊS, Carlos Renato Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7458287841862567
In the current world context of technological advances in which society becomes increasingly dependent on electric power, an interesting fact draws attention, the waste of electric power in the institutions that generate technical and scientific knowledge, Federal Universities, a proven fact by the concern and initiative of the National Electric Energy Agency published in October 2016 through the call 01/2016 the electric power distribution concessionaires, which aim among other objectives to invest in energy efficiency and minigeration in the Federal Universities, which shows the absence of strategic energy management, lack of a culture of energy resources optimization and of public resources, and the disengagement with the sustainable use of electric power and, as a consequence, of natural resources by most Federal Universities. Thus, this work may help in the search for the minimization of waste of electric power and public resources in the Federal Universities, as it will propose an efficient methodology of tariff framework, capable of evaluating and adjusting the contracted demand (kW) and the consumption tariff modality of electricity from groups A4 and B3 to current regulations. The methodology consists of achieving energy efficiency, through the demand, tariff framework and the consumption of electric power analysis in the consumer units of the IFES, in particular the case study of the units of the Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará, through the study of the monthly electric bills and the resolutions and norms on the types of electricity tariffs of groups A4 and B3, applied by National Electric Energy Agency, also respecting the case study that will take place in the concession area of the Electric Centrals of Pará. The methodology will also make the fine forecast of contracted demand (kW), so that one can contract the demand that is actually needed, avoiding wastes. As such, it is expected to adjust the contracted load demand (kW) of each consumer unit of the A4 group to be studied, its real necessity, avoiding unnecessary costs with contracted demand payments above or below the consumed demand, it is also aimed to adapt the tariff structure of each observed consumer unit, both in the A4 and B3 groups, according to its load demand and its electric power consumption and, finally, the cost reduction for Public Administration is sought and provide a practical way of analyzing and indicating the best tariff framework of the groups studied, and by such, achieving sustainable consumption and efficient electricity contracts.
Desconhecido
Modelagem de transformadores de núcleo amorfo usando método de elementos finitos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-21) FONSECA, Wellington da Silva; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
The amorphous materials are becoming broadly used in transformers industry, due to the low losses in its core, since they have a hysteresis loop narrower compared to the traditionals cores of silicon steel. However, its cost of these materials is a great factor against its use in electric power systems. Study the cost / benefit in terms of technical performance and robustness must be considered when we want to design transformers which use this material type. The main contribution of this work is the performance analysis of the transformer in short-circuits, since the equipment failures cause a reduction in revenue, not only for expenses maintenance, but also because the concessionaire does not sell its product, electric energy, and it could be submitted to penalties by regulatory agency in the electricity sector. Under short-circuit conditions, the windings of transformers are submitted to mechanical efforts produced by Lorentz forces, these forces arise as a flux result produced by conductors in parallel that carry current in the same direction. In this case, study the electromagnetic behavior of the transformer is essential for obtaining such forces. To develop this work, the software Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) was used. This tool is based on the finite element method in the calculations of the electromechanical magnitudes and, consequently, the calculation of forces acting in the spires, which allow the calculations of the strain. Finally, this paper deals with the application of the FEMM tool to calculate the mechanical effort and the simulation of the electromagnetic behavior of a distribution transformer.