Navegando por Assunto "Entomologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade de Curculionidae (Coleoptera) de inflorescências da palmeira Euterpe longebracteata Barb. Rodr. em uma área de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-30) GUIMARÃES, José Raimundo Rocha; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324
The research was done with the community Curculionidae inflorescences of the palm Euterpe longebracteata in riparian areas (PPAs), degraded and preserved, in Tanguro Farm, Mato Grosso, Brazil, aiming to provide inputs on policy management and recovery areas. The weevils represented the most important component of the fauna associated with the inflorescences of the E. longebracteata, with 23 species richness, frequency of 97% in the samples and abundance of 10,000 (or 90% of total abundance). Species Phyllotrox sp. 18, Phyllotrox sp. 19, Erirhininae gen.n.Asp.1 , Erirhininae gen.n.Esp.1 and Bondariella sp. 3 accounted for more than 98% of abundance, were found to be dominant in the inflorescences of E. longebracteata and therefore specifically related to the palm and can act as effective pollinators species of the E. longebracteata in the area. Despite the differences between PPAs preserved and degraded populations of E. longebracteata and species composition of Curculionidae were not correlated with the level of degradation of PPAs. The wealth of Curculionidae also not correlated with canopy cover, distance to the edge of the sample, size of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence of E. longebracteata. The influence of collection period on the abundance of most dominant species was regarded as indicative of population dynamics and ecological succession. While Phyllotrox sp. 19, seems to present a pattern of aggregate distribution. Species Phyllotrox sp.18 and Erirhininae gen. No The sp. 1 were considered as having plenty more sensitive to degradation of PPAs. The palm E. longebracteata has potential use in the recovery of degraded areas of Tanguro farm because their populations and species of Curculionidae likely pollinators showed tolerance to the observed degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e comparação morfológica da terminália feminina das espécies de Agromyzidae (Diptera: Opomyzoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MONTEIRO, Nilton Juvencio Santiago; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Agromyzidae is a family of phytophagous flies with great morphological similarity. The male terminalia is the main structure that helps in the identification of the species. However, the female terminalia has been largely neglected by most of the works until now. In this study, the female terminalia of 27 species in 9 genera of Agromyzidae (Japanagromyza Sasakawa, Melanagromyza Hendel, Calycomyza Hendel, Galiomyza Spencer, Liriomyza Mik, Nemorimyza Frey, Phytoliriomyza Hendel, Phytomyza Fallén, Pseudonapomyza Hendel) have been described which were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Female abdomens were cleared in 10% KOH, dissected and the female terminalia were drawn using a microscope with camera lucida. The shape of the ninth abdominal segment, the spermathecae and the number of marginal cerdae were important characteristics to identify each species. The shape and length of the egg guides were useful to identify both subfamilies of Agromyzidae (Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae). Some considerations about similar characteristics have been based in hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationship among genera of the family Agromyzidae. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for the identification of female specimens from now on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento colonial em abelhas nativas sem ferrão Amazônicas (Apidae: Meliponini): tamanho populacional, nutrição e alocação fenotípica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11) LEÃO, Kamila Leão; MENEZES, Cristiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845970576214577; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés Léon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-5048
Meliponines or stingless bees comprise a diverse and abundant group of eusocial bees, which live in perennial colonies and have a wide range of behavioral characteristics. The general objective of this thesis is to understand population dynamics and developmental patterns of Amazonian stingless bee species. In Section I, we evaluated the population size and several biological characteristics of colonies (e.g. worker external activity, queen egg-laying rate) of five stingless bee species in order to understand how colony characteristics relate to population size. We found an average adult population of 1,046.00 in Melipona flavolineata, Friese, 1900, 592.75 in Melipona fasciculata, Smith, 1854, 7,404.00 in Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807), 2,425.33 in Frieseomelitta longipes (Smith, 1854) and 404.75 in Plebeia minima (Gribodo, 1893). External activity was the variable that best explained population size. In Section II we investigate the longevity of stingless bee workers fed soy-based diets. Our objective was to compare the effect of a semi-artificial soybean diet versus a natural diet on the longevity of adult workers of two stingless bee species (Melipona flavolineata Friese, 1900 e Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807)). We found a higher longevity in workers that consumed only pollen compared to those that consumed the soybean diet for both species studied. Finally, In Section III we evaluated the phenotypic allocation in stingless bees. In this work we investigate phenotypic allocation as a response to climatic and environmental variation, using the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith, 1854 as a model species. Our results reveal that phenotypic allocation in M. fasciculata was strongly associated with seasonal variation and not the quality of the environment (local). The production of virgin queens was influenced by season and year (being higher in the dry season), but not by location. Male production was explained by season and local environmental variables and season and study year influenced the percentage of workers produced, showing differences between years. We believe that this thesis contributes to our understanding of the natural history of Amazonian stingless bees and the development of regional meliponicultural practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito das paisagens modificadas por práticas agrícolas sobre a composição e estrutura das assembléias e espécies de Drosophilidae (Diptera)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-28) FURTADO, Ivaneide da Silva; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
The Amazon Rainforest holds the largest biodiversity in the world. It occupies more than 40% of the Brazilian surface. In recent years the rates of forest loss and degradation of Amazonia have considerably increased as a result of agricultural expansion, creating a mosaic of highly modified landscapes. These changes endanger both biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with it, besides causing severe stress on the species. Effects of stress can result in physiological changes that are reflected in morphological differentiation among remnant populations, which now occupy the new landscape. The objective of this study was to test the effect of some types of land use on the assembly of frugivorous Drosophilidae and on the morphology of some species originally settled within the forest areas that have become a patchwork landscape containing forest fragments, ecological succession and crop zones. The first study was conducted in three agricultural villages and the second within six locations, including three preserved forest areas. Sampling was performed in a standardized manner, with traps placed along the established transects on the use of predominant land within the area of study. Our results showed that the richness of the species did not differ between different types of land use, but the distributions and abundances of the species' composition were clearly distinct between intensive agricultural uses and forest systems. The forest's coverage and the relative humidity were the variables determining the distribution of the species. The agricultural uses were characterized by cosmopolitan non-native species associated with more open areas. There were found morphological differences between the individuals caught in the areas of preserved forest and agricultural use zones, regardless of the species. Surprisingly, the number of individuals captured in the forests was always lower compared to those captured in the more intensive types of use. These results show the effects of landscape mutation on the remaining populations of native species, indicating the range of quantitative and qualitative alterations on the set of species. However, the maintenance of the forest patches on areas of agricultural use can benefit the permanency of native species in these landscapes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do tamanho da área florestada, grau de isolamento e distância de estradas na estruturação de comunidades de aranhas em Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-10-24) SILVA, Bruno José Ferreira da; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
As forest destruction and fragmentation advance throughout the Brazilian Amazon, it has become important to determine how these processes affect the fauna in various vegetation types in order to predict impacts and the conservation value of habitat fragments for different animal taxa. Invertebrates are useful bio-indicators because of their adaptive and dispersal potential and intimate connections with the environment. The use of spiders to evaluate forest fragmentation is recent and only slightly employed, although the group is mega-diverse and biologically tied to environmental composition and structure. This study used spiders to evaluate the effects of forest fragment size, degree of isolation, and distance to roads in 15 forest islands in a savanna matrix and 6 areas of continuous forest, in Alter do Chão district, Santarém municipality, Pará state, Brazil. Capture of spiders involved 252 man-hours of effort with an entomological umbrella and manual nocturnal collections. Transects of 250 m were collected three times, and the summed results of each transect comprised a sample unit. In total, 7751 spiders were captured, including 5477 immature and 2274 adult specimens in 306 species belonging to 32 families. Spider community characteristics, analyzed by MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) with Bray-Curtis distance, showed separation between continuous forest and forest fragment habitats. For species with more than 10 individuals in the collections, an analysis was made of the response to the first dimension of ordination, and a direct ordination was made using characteristics of each collection area (distance from the forest island to continuous forest, area of forest fragment, and form index of the forest island). GLM analysis, used to evaluate the effects of environmental degradation, showed significant differences for number of trees in each forest fragment and for distance to roads: forest fragmentation was significant to spider communities only in terms of size of forest fragment (on axis 1 of the MDS). An ANOVA used to compare species richness showed greater richness in continuous forest, differing from the result of rarefaction curves that predict slightly higher species richness in forest islands. The hierarchical standard of the spider community was obtained with the Nestedness Temperature Calculator Program–Nestcalc.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inventário dos Drosofilídeos (Diptera) associados a frutos, na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-25) PRAXEDES, Catarina de Lurdes Bezerra; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
The objective of this study was to describe the diversity of frugivorous Drosophilidae (Diptera) in Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, utilizing a structured protocol. Two collecting expeditions were carried out betvveen 2003 and 2004. Traps baited with banana were distributed along 12 one km transects in each of 6 arcas separating the parallel streams flowing from the north into Caxiuanã bay in the "Ferreira Pena" Scientific Station in Caxiuanã National Forest. A total of 4,320 individuais were collected, belonging to 36 taxons in two genera Drosophila (subgenus Sophophora and Drosophila) and Neotanygastrella. The dominant species collected was D. willistoni, comprising 33.96% of ali individuais, followed by D. paulistorunt (21.94%), D. sturtevanti (18.73%), D. tropicahs (11.39%) and D. equinoxialis (6.37%) Five cosmopolitan species of melanogaster group occur in Caxiuanã, but the frequency of the group was only 1.75%. Species accumulation curves, generated by EstimateS, approached an asymptote with 315 samples, resulting in estimates from 40 to 53 total species. The Chao2 estimator produced curves that appmached stabilization with an estimate of 50 species. Analyses of the incidence and abundance matrix demonstrated that the collecting localities were similar, sharing from 40% to 66% in composition (Jaccard), with similar distributions of abundance (Morisita values between 85% and 100%). The percentage completeness of the inventory (79%) indicates that only 83 additional samples are necessary (21% increase in sampling effort, without addition singletons) in order to assess the total diversity of frugivorous Drosophilidae. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the methodology used for estimating the diversity of frugivorous drosophilids in Caxiuanã. Of the 23 subgenus Sophophora species collected, 4 were new records for Brazil (D. dacunhai, D. milleri, D. sahans, and D. septentriosaltans) and 8 were new records for Brazilian Arnazonia (D. austrosahans, D. dacunhai, D. magalhaesi, D. milleri, D. neocordata, D. neoelhptica, D. saltans, and D. septentriosahans).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica do grupo de espécies de Mischocyttarus (Omega) filiformis (de Saussure, 1854) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-31) BORGES, Rafael Cabral; SILVEIRA, Orlando Tobias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791
Mischocyttarus de Saussure is the only genus in the Mischocyttarini tribe. This tribe is composed by approximately 250 species, being this genus the largest among the Polistinae. M. filiformis (de Saussure) is the type species in the subgenus Omega, and was described based only in the type specimen from Pará state (Brazil). Three related species, posteriorly described, compose the M. filiformis species-group: M. buyssoni (Ducke), M. napoensis Richards e M. omicron Richards. This work aimed to perform a taxonomic revision of the Mischocyttarus filiformis species group based on the analisis of external morphology traits from the type specimens of the previously described species, and in additional specimens from collections in Brazil and in other countries. Four species were redescribed in this study, M. filiformis, M. buyssoni, M. napoensis e M. omicron, and six new species were described, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 1, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 2, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 3, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 4, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 5, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 6, thus increasing to 10 the number of species in this species-group. The geographic distributional records of the species M. filiformis, M. buyssoni e M. omicron is here extended. The male of M. filiformis is described. The nests of M. filiformis, M. buyssoni, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 3, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 4, Mischocyttarus sp. nov 5 are described and additional information about the paralectotypes of M. buyssoni deposited in the MPEG collection is provided.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Urhai gen. nov., um novo gênero para Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03) FERREIRA, Adiney Ferreira; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
Edessinae is the second most diverse subfamily of Pentatomidae, with approximately 500 described species distributed in 17 genera. This taxon is considered monophyletic, supported by molecular evidence and morphological characteristics. Among the genera, Edessa stands out for harboring more than 300 species, but it faces taxonomic challenges, including problems of nomenclature and classification, and is often considered a "species repository". This work aims to describe a new genus with three species previously allocated to Edessa and five new species. For the study, 94 specimens from national and foreign institutions were analyzed. Urhai gen. nov. is easily recognized by the morphology of the body, mainly presenting the head with median punctuations forming two vertical stripes on the clypeus, antennal articles I–III with small dark circular spots, pronotum with developed humeral angle; flattened and punctuated dorsoventrally; distal margin laminar; posterior angle spiniform, posterior margin of the pronotum covering the anterior part of the scutellum, metasternal process flattened; anterior arms of the bifurcation reaching or nearly reaching the limit of the propleura; distal margin generally straight. Diagnoses, species identification key and distribution maps were presented. This study is of great importance in understanding the diversity of Edessinae.