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Navegando por Assunto "Environmental conservation"

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    Assessoria técnica e estratégias de agricultores familiares na perspectiva da transição agroecológica: uma análise a partir do Pólo Rio Capim do Programa Proambiente no Nordeste Paraense
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-29) VASCONCELOS, Marcelo Augusto Machado; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; Porro , Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
    The study examines the intervention effect of methodologies conducted by the technical assistance provided by the Proambiente program to different smallholder groups (agroextractivist, agriculturalist, diversified, wage-laborer, and small-rancher) in the program’s Rio Capim site. The study indicates that Use Plans and Community Agreements affect the strategies of every group and reveal their intention of intervening in the agroecosystem, as capacity building of smallholders and extension agents was able to link technical knowledge and smallholders’ traditional knowledge. The study highlights significant contributions of the technical assistance due to the agroecological approach provided by family capacity units, which consist of a venue for empirical and technical formation. In addition, it shows the difficulty in the execution of some labor-demanding agroecological practices. In those cases, several groups adopt productive strategies such as labor contracting, and communitarian strategies such as labor-pooling, labor-exchange, and labor exchange through labor-pooling, as well as kindred and neighborhood strategies. Labor-pooling events are often mentioned as a primary strategy to promote the associative spirit among smallholders and are often used by families studied, being significantly adopted in the implementation of agroecological practices. They are often used collectively, and stimulate mutual learning, dialog and sharing of experiences. On the other hand, the adoption of these new practices do not ensure production, subsistence, or social reproduction, as there is no risk-avoidance mechanism to reduce the impact of eventual losses or frustrations resulting from the higher investment and physical efforts required by agroecological activities. Therefore, traditional practices that provide food security and ensure the survival of the household are preferred despite the fact they might result in lower economic outcomes and little concern with natural resource conservation. They are preferred by different smallholder groups, however, given the risk and uncertainty represented by the Proambiente program. What lacks in the program is greater security in the conditions such as differential commercialization and marketing strategy for agroecological products, and for the payment of environmental services, which has not been activated. Mainly, there is no continuity of financial resources for the provision of technical assistance, what jeopardizes the entire program, as the Communitarian Agreements and Use Plans should be continuously monitored in the face of changes in the biophysical and socioeconomic setting, and therefore require continuous adjustment.
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    Características sedimentares fluviais associadas ao grau de preservação da mata Ciliar - Rio Urumajó, Nordeste Paraense
    (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009-03) BRITO, Roney Nonato Reis de; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; SANTOS, Helane Súzia Silva dos
    Rivers are the main ways of sediment transport from inland to the coastal zone and oceans. Despite direct influence of climate, the vegetation coverage plays a central role in liquid and solid fluvial discharge. In this context, the present work aimed to study the fluvial sedimentology of the Urumajó River (Pará, Brazil) in relation to the preservation state of riparian vegetation. Sediment samples were collected at five sites (A to E), including a five-sample transversal profile at each site. The sites were distributed from the source to the estuarine area. The characteristics and preservation state of the riparian vegetation were analyzed at each site as well. The collected sediments were submitted to grain size analysis, where mean grain size, median, asymmetry, selection and kurtosis were obtained. The results made it possible to recognize the regular characteristics (sites A and C), which included median sand as the main sediment class and well-sorted and approximate symmetric grain size distribution, directly related to the well-preserved riparian vegetation at sites A and C. On the other hand, sites B, D and E showed substantial differences in relation to the regular pattern. This fact could be associated to the vegetation degradation at those sites, resulting in margin erosion. Furthermore, at site E, reflexes of tide influence on the sediment characteristics could be observed, subsidizing the estuary delimitation.
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    A participação dos agricultores na construção do PROAMBIENTE: uma reflexão a partir do Pólo Transamazônica
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-31) ARAÚJO, Idelbergue Ferreira; VEIGA JUNIOR, Iran Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9513562131313692
    Smallholder representative organizations in the Transamazon highway have performed critical roles of mediation in the last two decades, and more recently became active in public policymaking. The PROAMBIENTE Program, incorporated by the federal government in 2003, reaffirms this trend. However, the construction of the program by Amazonian smallholder representative organizations and their partner technicians while provoking a reversal of public policy processes in Brazil (traditionally a government imposition to society) did not involve the subjects themselves in this process. Emerging from representative organizations, PROAMBIENTE faces strong resistance from the majority of the smallholders. The reason argued here for that is the distance between what was foreseen by the program and the aspirations of the smallholders and the leaders of the organizations that proposed the program. In the São Vicente group, particularly, even the producers who reveal affinity with PROAMBIENTE do not consistently assimilate its principles. Rather they appropriate the socioambiental rhetoric, advocated by the representative organizations in the Transamazon.
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