Navegando por Assunto "Environmental monitoring"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicabilidade de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento de dados meteoceanográficos na zona costeira Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-23) SOTÃO, Daniel da Silva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
This study aimed to develop, implement, and validate a low-cost Continuous Monitoring Prototype (CMP) to collect meteoceanographic data in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), a region vulnerable to climate change and lacking environmental data. The system, built with an ESP32 microcontroller, integrates sensors for air temperature and relative humidity (HDC1080 and AM2302), atmospheric pressure (BMP280 and MS5611), water temperature (DS18B20), tide level (HC-SR04), precipitation, and wind speed and direction. Sensor validation was performed by comparing the collected data with reference equipment: a CICLUS PRO weather station (CWS) and a Sonlist Levelogger 5 LTC recorder (CTDlog). The CMP conducted four joint test campaigns with the CWS and CTDlog, totaling 56,221 records. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration equations for each sensor. Calibration quality was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and residual analysis. The HDC1080 and AM2302 sensors showed excellent performance for temperature measurement, with R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.2 °C, mean absolute residual (MAE) < 0.12 °C, and very strong Pearson correlation (r ≥ 0.9). However, they exhibited instability in relative humidity measurements (R² ≈ 0.64; RMSE ≈ 3.46%; MAE ≈ 2.52%). The performance of the BMP280 and MS5611 pressure sensors was initially affected by internal heating, but after thermal compensation, they achieved R² values between 0.88 and 0.99, RMSE from 0.17 to 0.45 hPa, and MAE from 0.11 to 0.34 hPa, with the BMP280 showing superior performance. The DS18B20 water temperature sensor showed very strong correlation, with R² ≈ 0.94, RMSE ≈ 0.036 °C, and MAE ≈ 0.021 °C, proving highly promising. The HCSR04 sensor stood out as the most accurate, with R² ≈ 0.99, RMSE ≈ 2.6 cm, and MAE ≈ 1.9 cm. Precipitation and wind sensors presented inconsistencies and require further testing. The total production cost of the CMP was BRL 952.75, representing savings of 86.19% compared to the CWS (BRL 6,897.00) and 96.14% compared to the CTDlog (BRL 24,677.29). When compared to equivalent equipment, the CMP achieved at least 66.33% cost reduction compared to basic stations and 87.3% compared to lower-cost temperature and water level recorders. The CMP proved to be a viable, economical, and replicable solution for continuous environmental monitoring in the ACZ, with the potential to fill existing gaps in observation networks, although improvements are still needed to enhance its long-term performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de técnica semi-supervisionada de análise de vetor comprimido (C2VA) em imagens de satélites para detecção de mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-15) SIRAVENHA, Ana Carolina Quintão; PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
Remote sensing image databases and Geographical Information System have the potential to act as accurate tools for environmental monitoring. Carajas Mountains are an important mineral deposit in Brazil and as environmental laws protect a great portion of this region, they have been at the core of conflicts involving human and nature interests. The biggest mining project in Brazil is active in this region (Carajas project) and this analysis aims at identifying the environmental impact caused directly or indirectly by this activity using state of the art methods. This study collects information of land-use and land-coverage from an area larger than 111, 000 km2 including five municipalities, aiming at observing the landscape intervention from a big scale perspective. Therefore, employing the resultant products of the multi-spectral approach called compressed change vector analysis, this work analyses both the environmental changes in five municipalities of the Carajas Mountains: Parauapebas, Canaa dos Carajas, Ourilandia do Norte, Sao Felix do Xingu and Tucuma. From the point of view of the applicability of the proposed tools, it was noticed that the combination of the compressed change vector analysis with the fuzzy clustering is sufficiently efficient for the detection and analysis of changes in land use and land coverage. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation metrics show good accuracy compared to the manually obtained reference images. The results show that in general the vegetative coverage was replaced by pasture lands, which in turn were replaced by urban occupations. The comparison with official statistics and by visual inspection indicate good accuracy of the present study in the estimation of vegetative cover. The presence of environmentally protected areas has prevented the increase of deforestation in the mountains, in which the observed change rates were at least 15% lower than non-protected regions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de sensores baseados em fibra óptica afunilada para monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-06) SILVEIRA, Clenilson Rodrigues da; GIRALDI, Maria Thereza Miranda Rocco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0270661833822671; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The monitoring of environmental parameters is important in preserving the environment. The development of technologically advanced systems for measuring physical parameters allows the early detection of harmful environmental factors. For example, refractive index and temperature measurement systems can detect thermal and chemical pollution in rivers water. Curvature or tilt measurement is important in predicting natural phenomena that may cause damage to human beings, such as landslides and earthquakes. This thesis investigates sensors based on tapered optical fiber for monitoring environmental parameters. The investigated technology is based on standard single-mode optical fiber with tapered section that makes use of the evanescent field to detect changes in the external environment, such as refractive index, temperature and curvature. This type of device is analyzed through numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The numerical modeling is performed using finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). It is numerically and experimentally demonstrated that once tapered optical fiber Michelson interferometer is subjected to bending the sensitivity to refractive index change is enhanced in comparison with the not bent device. Experimental measurements indicate that this type of device has great potential as a temperature sensor. Numerical results, based on FD-BPM, indicate that it is possible to optimize the taper parameters in optical fiber to improve its sensitivity to bending in terms of transmitted power.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecological studies of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera): can sampling effort be reduced without losing essential taxonomic and ecological information?
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2018-06) SHIMANO, Yulie; MATOS, Mylena Neves Cardoso; JUEN, Leandro
The present study evaluated the potential for the reduction of sampling effort in studies of ephemeropteran nymphs in Brazilian Amazon streams, Pará State, Brazil, without the loss of ecological information (species composition, abundance, and richness), and the congruence of different levels of taxonomic resolution (morphospecies, genus, family and functional group). Test groups of 15, 10 and five subsamples were selected from the 20 subsamples collected per stream (40 streams sampled), and were compared in terms of their species richness and abundance (ANOVA), and composition (Procrustes). Taxonomic resolution was also analyzed in Procrustes. Species abundance (F(3, 156) = 25.426; p < 0.001) and richness (F(3, 156) = 13.866, p < 0.001) varied significantly among sample groups, while the results of the 15-S group were statistically similar, in both cases, to those of the 20-S group. A similar pattern was found for species composition. The genus-level taxonomic resolution produced results 99% similar to those found for the species-level data. The results indicate that the reduction in sampling effort from 20 to 15 subsamples per site and a genus-level taxonomic resolution would not affect the reliability of analyses significantly. A reduction of five samples per site would result in a decrease of effort in the field and the amount of material to be processed, reducing laboratory time. In addition to a reduction in the time and resources needed to identify specimens, the adoption of a genus-level taxonomic resolution could help minimize errors of under- or over-estimation in the processing of the results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Explorando a biodiversidade do rio Xingu: apresentação e validação de um novo equipamento de amostragem de DNA ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) BAHIANA, Bruno Gonçalves; KEPPELER, Friedrich Wolfgang; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
Knowledge and monitoring of biodiversity are key elements for defining actions and initiatives focused on nature conservation and restoration. However, monitoring techniques are generally expensive and time-consuming, which complicates efforts to identify and manage biological diversity. In this sense, it is essential to investigate new fast, non-invasive and low-cost methods that can provide reliable and robust results and information, highlighting, in this context, approaches based on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA). eDNA is a complex mixture of genetic material originating from entire organisms or parts of them, present in environmental matrices, which can be, for example, soil, water or sediment. This project presents a prototype of a simple and low-cost equipment to obtain eDNA sampling, aiming to explore the richness and composition of the ichthyofauna in the Fish Transposition System of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), located in the middle course of the Xingu River, a hyperdiverse river located in the Amazon Brazilian. To this end, a new and affordable piece of equipment was manufactured for passive collection of genetic material (eDNA) using a metal structure and two PVC tubes. A flow meter was attached to one of the tubes and two rolls of gauze were firmly attached to the other tube. From the samples, which were collected every two hours over a 24-hour period, a species inventory was generated using a combination of fish-specific molecular markers (Tele02 12S). To validate the equipment and the proposed methodology, the temporal variation in the richness and composition of the fish fauna detected with eDNA were compared with those recorded during monitoring using the Video-Image System located at the exit of the STP. The results indicate that the method was efficient and sampled 100% of the ichthyofauna orders that were recorded in monitoring with SVI, but the similarity between the two methods reduced as taxonomic specificity increased. This result can be explained by the low representation of Xingu species in existing genomic libraries. In this sense, eDNA is a promising approach with great potential to become a valuable tool for studying and monitoring the composition of fish in highly diverse tropical freshwater rivers with affordable costs and minimal impacts on organisms and habitats, but which, in this At the moment, more basic research is needed so that it can replace and/or complement traditional sampling methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de manual técnico para elaboração de um programa de monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-09) SIQUEIRA, Maria Roberta Cavalcante de; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352
Monitoring groundwater is an extremely important activity for diagnosing and controlling potentially polluting activities. Applied to environmental management and control, whether due to a requirement from the regulatory body, through environmental license conditions, it represents a major environmental liability for companies that are not meeting the requirements demanded by these respective regulatory bodies. Activities that can cause changes in groundwater require periodic monitoring to ensure the maintenance of environmental quality, as they are standardized and require standards, manuals and regulations. This respective manual was conducted based on standards from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards ABNT), international legislation, monitoring manuals and solutions on water quality applicable to the topic, as well as collections made up of monitoring wells within the Campus of the Federal University of Pará, in Belém (experimental area of this research). To this end, disposable Bailer samplers and measurements were used using the low flow system, aiming to define clear guidelines and rules for carrying out the activities involved in the process, as well as commenting on other devices that could be used for collection. of groundwater samples. At the end, a manual of good practices was proposed as a way of ordering and guiding the groundwater monitoring process. It is expected that this proposed technical manual will serve as a reference for groundwater collection, as given the concern within the State of Pará, it is extremely important to organize effective action and forward solutions to this environmental problem. Additionally, this manual is intended to be a purposeful document, and can be useful in environmental monitoring in different polluting activities.