Navegando por Assunto "Epidemia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

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Caridade e saúde pública em tempo de epidemias. Belém 1850-1890
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) COSTA, Magda Nazaré Pereira da; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
Forced to face a serious epidemic crisis that started nearly throughout the second half of the XIX century, the inhabitants of Belém witness, from that moment on, an intense social mobilization that sought to preserve public health in the city. Public health had long ceased being object of interest to the “governo provincial” and now felt the rage of yellow fever, cholera and chickenpox which were erratically making victims around town. Based on these factos this paper seeks to analize some ways used to contain the spread of cases of these cliseases in the capital of the “Província do Pará”, by stressing the sanitary strategies put fort by the people connected to medical science. Such strategies, in most cases carried out by public administration, did not yield worthwhile results; but they interfered with and significatly modified the ways of providing assistance to the most needy patients who were in general helped in the name of charity at the “Santa Casa de Misericórdia” Hospital. The lack of knowledge concerning the etiology of those diseases brought up an even bitterer ideology conflict among medical doctors who disagreed about the possible sources of the epidemic and about the kind of therapeutic methods to be provided to patients at the same time that the risk of contamination also increased “compassion” and “charity” of al who had been direct or indirectly threatened by those diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da Mereba-ayba à Varíola: isolamento, vacina e intolerância popular em Belém do Pará, 1884 -1904
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-07-09) SILVA, Jairo de Jesus Nascimento da; SARGES, Maria de Nazaré dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2076421409418420
The present work tried to find out how the development of Belem, during the 19th century, caused or intensified the problems that already existed, amidst those ones the public health, especially the smallpox epidemic. In terms of times, was highlighted the end of the 19th century, when was intense the debate about the need to make the city more modern. The project to achieve that target was characterized by the excludents principles of the Science of Higiene. This way, this research focused from the year of 1884 to 1904, which was marked by the three smallpox outbreaks in Belem. The main objective of this work was to show the reasons for the intolerance that people had to the ways to prevent the diseases and the therapeutics practices guided by the government, especially the politic of isolation based on the hygienist speech and, as well, the vaccine. The result of this experience during the 19th century in Belem, was negative, resulting in a repulse of these practices.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os determinantes sociais, a infecção pelo HIV e a AIDS em uma capital na Amazônia brasileira: análise espacial e temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-21) DIAS, Bruna Rafaela Leite; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; POLARO, Sandra Helena Isse; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7875594038005793
Almost 40 years after its discovery, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a challenge for public health worldwide. In Brazil, the states of the Northern region have the greatest impact of the HIV epidemic, with a continuous increase in detection rates. This study aimed to perform the spatial and temporal analysis of the incidence of HIV infection and AIDS, and its relationship with social determinants. Ecological study employing secondary data of cases reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), in the period 2007- 2018, of individuals living in the city of Belém/PA. Temporal analysis was performed using Box and Jenkins methodology. For the spatial analysis, incidence was analyzed using autocorrelation and spatial regression techniques, Kernel density to study the expansion of the HIV epidemic in the city, and sweep statistics to identify clusters of risk. During the study period, 6,007 new cases of HIV/AIDS were reported to SINAN. Time series analysis revealed stability of incidence from 2007 until October 2016, followed by an upward trend. Starting in January 2017, incidence rates showed irregular fluctuations until the end of December 2018. Seasonal behavior was observed for the forecast from 2019 to 2022. High incidence clusters were located in the central and transitional areas of Bethlehem. The epidemic progressed from 2007-2010 to 2015-2018. The spatial high-risk zone for HIV was observed in the transition zone (RR = 3.65; 95% CI = 2.47 - 5.34; p = 0.00016), while the spatiotemporal high-risk zone was observed in the central, transition and expansion zones (RR = 4.24; 95% CI = 3.92 - 4.52; p = 0.000). Incidence rates were directly correlated to Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage (adjusted R² = 0.38). The upward trend observed in the incidence rates of HIV infection and AIDS in Belém may be correlated with the efforts of public policies to combat the virus. However, the irregular behavior in incidence rates from 2017 and the seasonal behavior revealed in the forecasts suggest a loosening in public health policies. This study provides subsidies for the development of public health strategies to combat HIV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemias de malária no Pará e sua relação com os padrões de uso da terra nos últimos quarenta anos: uma análise com sistema de informação geográfica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) BACELAR, Maria Denise Ribeiro; VENTURIERI, Adriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8968863324073508
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of malaria epidemics in Para State and the types of space occupation observed there, configured in the main uses of land in the period from 1970 to 2007, seeking to verify the hypothesis that malaria epidemics in Para has been a consequence of space occupation methods (use of the land). So, we tried to examine statistically the relationship between the rates of malaria and population and population and predominant production activities in Para and its regions and the evolution of these variables over time. Also, four villages were selected in Para (one per geographical region), located in the pioneer occupation area in the State, one of them was elected the control village in the study and they were all mapped in order to analyze temporal dynamics of its landscapes over the years 1975, 1991 and 2008. In the selected villages − Itaituba, Anajas, Tucurui and Juruti, − the main landscape types established were identified, and their temporal evolution analyzed, in attempt to verify the existence or not of a cause-effect relationship between these models of landscape and the malaria occurrence in these locations in the period investigated. It was possible to demonstrate in this study, by the data investigated, its historical evolution and statistical correlations, the hypothesis that malaria epidemics in Para in that period, is a consequence of misconducted occupation processes, resulting from government policies introduced in the region after 1970. Similarly, a cause-effect relationship between production activities introduced in the Region and malaria epidemics reported here proved evident. A relevant fact is that geographical occurrence of malaria in the State remains epidemic in areas, as investigated here, where primary production activities are performed using no environmentally correct methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
'Formidável contágio': epidemias, trabalho e recrutamento na Amazônia colonial (1660-1750)
(2011-12) CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; BARBOSA, Benedito Carlos Costa; BOMBARDI, Fernanda Aires; SOUSA, Claudia Rocha de
The text analyzes the extent to which smallpox and measles epidemics provoked transformations in the ways in which workforces were acquired and used in colonial Amazonia from the mid-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century, with an increase in slave raids on the indigenous population and the attempt to organize a trade route in African slaves to the region. It also explores how indigenous mortality rates at the end of the seventeenth century led to a concern with the region's defence and prompted the recruitment of soldiers from the Madeira islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias da cólera no Pará (1855 e 1991): tragédias se repetem?
(2007-12) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
During the 1991 cholera epidemic in the state of Pará, there were a substantial number of victims. Although those stricken recovered quickly, they were reluctant to leave the hospital. Taking proportions into account, nineteenth-century living conditions were similar to the living conditions confronted by the sick receiving care at the Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB). In the twentieth century, apparently the illness was still attached to old structures and conjured up worries that are now unnecessary, since today's treatment is fast-working and effective. Stories of days past quickly surfaced, with terrifying images of the 1855 cholera epidemic. In addition to relying on documental sources, the study analyzed the memories of cholera patients, their relatives, and other actors. Findings allow for a comparison between the epidemics of yesterday and of today, in turn permitting the prediction that such tragedies will be repeated because the living conditions of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century poor remain the same.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Morreu muita gente pobre, foi uma tragédia" memórias da cólera no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-01) BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proteção imunológica contra raiva em população rural exposta à epidemia em 2005
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) RODRIGUES, Liliam da Silva; MARTORELLI, Luzia Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8825512324259899; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
On may of 2005, in the city of Augusto Correa, northeast of the State of Para, an outbreak of human rabies transmitted by vampire bats bites was diagnosed, resulting in 15 confirmed cases. Immediately a wide campaign of rabies vaccination of the population was initiated, pre and post treatment was given to about 3500 people. The objective of this work was to verify the persistence of neutralizing antibodies in samples of the population of Augusto Correa that was vaccinated with vaccine of cellular culture (Verorab) during this rabies outbreak. In the month of June of 2007, were collected 505 samples of inhabitants of four communities of Augusto Correa (Araí, Porto do Campo, Cachoeira e Nova Olinda). The levels of neutralizing antibodies were dosed through the Favoretto’s technique and compared with demographic data, previous history of malaria, new animals aggressions and the treatment received. After two years of the vaccine campaign, the results disclosed the persistence of neutralizing antibodies in adjusted levels on 90.5% of the vaccinated population, that received pre or post-exposure vaccination, even on that who had received incomplete treatment. The levels of neutralizing antibodies had not been reduced in function of variables analyzed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vamos à vacina?: doenças, saúde e práticas médico-sanitárias em Belém (1904 a 1911)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-28) AMARAL, Alexandre Souza; SARGES, Maria de Nazaré dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2076421409418420
Since the end of the nineteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century, Belém, according to the intendant Antonio Lemos, was known as the “paraense necropolis”. Illnesses and epidemics have been in the focus of the discussion of medical-sanitary practices. The doctor’s hygienism has become recurrent speech of intervention in the inhabitants’ daily Space, where the prophylaxes’ campaigns were considered responsible for the cure of the city. The proposed actions by medical doctors create tensions among inhabitants and public Authorities in face of the alliance between the medical knowledge and the government, topic Which I have chosen to analyze in order to explain the day-to-day of the coercive actions, with The intention of understand such alliance. Analyzing medical articles in the press, literary theoretical, journalists, politicians, Medical reports, government’s messages, photographs and charges, it was possible to follow The meanings attributed by the contemporaries related to epidemics as the smallpox, Tuberculosis and yellow fever, for example, considering the medical knowledge. The Belle Époque in Belém it was no more considered in this paper as a historiographical crystal, in face Of the adversity of anonymous citizens’ way of life. The city has become a laboratory of Experiences that propose to cure it in order to reach such divulged economic development. The city has been left in the doctor’s hands. The consolidation of this alliance has been given To the well-known sanitarian Oswaldo Cruz, that arrived in Belém City in 1910 to fight Against the yellow fever with the complete support of the governor João Coelho. On the other Hand, the cure of the city or “paraense necropolis” has brought out larger significances, Among them, coincidentally, the burial of the amarílico evil, as well as, the burial of colonel Antonio Lemos’ oligarchy.