Navegando por Assunto "Epidemics"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os determinantes sociais, a infecção pelo HIV e a AIDS em uma capital na Amazônia brasileira: análise espacial e temporal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-21) DIAS, Bruna Rafaela Leite; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; POLARO, Sandra Helena Isse; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7875594038005793
Almost 40 years after its discovery, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a challenge for public health worldwide. In Brazil, the states of the Northern region have the greatest impact of the HIV epidemic, with a continuous increase in detection rates. This study aimed to perform the spatial and temporal analysis of the incidence of HIV infection and AIDS, and its relationship with social determinants. Ecological study employing secondary data of cases reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), in the period 2007- 2018, of individuals living in the city of Belém/PA. Temporal analysis was performed using Box and Jenkins methodology. For the spatial analysis, incidence was analyzed using autocorrelation and spatial regression techniques, Kernel density to study the expansion of the HIV epidemic in the city, and sweep statistics to identify clusters of risk. During the study period, 6,007 new cases of HIV/AIDS were reported to SINAN. Time series analysis revealed stability of incidence from 2007 until October 2016, followed by an upward trend. Starting in January 2017, incidence rates showed irregular fluctuations until the end of December 2018. Seasonal behavior was observed for the forecast from 2019 to 2022. High incidence clusters were located in the central and transitional areas of Bethlehem. The epidemic progressed from 2007-2010 to 2015-2018. The spatial high-risk zone for HIV was observed in the transition zone (RR = 3.65; 95% CI = 2.47 - 5.34; p = 0.00016), while the spatiotemporal high-risk zone was observed in the central, transition and expansion zones (RR = 4.24; 95% CI = 3.92 - 4.52; p = 0.000). Incidence rates were directly correlated to Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage (adjusted R² = 0.38). The upward trend observed in the incidence rates of HIV infection and AIDS in Belém may be correlated with the efforts of public policies to combat the virus. However, the irregular behavior in incidence rates from 2017 and the seasonal behavior revealed in the forecasts suggest a loosening in public health policies. This study provides subsidies for the development of public health strategies to combat HIV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Tocados d’aquelle venenoso mal”: as epidemias em Belém na primeira metade dos oitocentos: 1800 - 1850
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-22) SILVA, Diego Santos da; VIEIRA JÚNIOR, Antonio Otaviano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6764908679902300
The objective of this research is the analysis and the historical-social relationships of the incidences of epidemics and infectious diseases that impacted the lives of the inhabitants of the city of Belém, the capital of Grão-Pará, during the first half of the 19th century. The relationship between economic and population development, the emergence of smallpox and yellow fever epidemics, and their relationships and implications for the economic and population development of the City of Belém are analyzed. The structure of the dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first chapter makes a brief presentation about a city of Belém and how it was a great stage of mobility, both for goods and people, due to the presence of ports. The second chapter analyzes the medical understanding of epidemics and their lines of interpretation. And the third chapter deals with the statistical measurement of those most affected by the epidemics, seeking to identify the patterns and levels of mortality during the smallpox and yellow fever epidemic attacks, more specifically. The methodology used was documentary research, and the documents were researched and made available in several collections in Belém such as: Public Archives of the State of Pará (APEP), Historical and Geographical Institute of Pará (IHGP) and Central Library of UFPA / collection of rare works and Fran Pacheco Library of the Portuguese Literary and Recreation Association.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vida e morte escrava: um estudo sobre a mortalidade cativa na Belém oitocentista (1850-1859)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) SILVA, Mayara Cristine Mendonça da; BEZERRA NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821
The study of health and disease is of great importance to the history of humanity, as it is closely linked to the social, economic, political, cultural and even religious context, with meanings that go beyond their biological characteristics. This study aims to analyze captive mortality in nineteenth-century Belém, based on a survey of the main causes of this mortality in the enslaved population between 1850 and 1859, a period when three epidemics occurred in the province of Pará. The aim is to identify mortality patterns among free and slave slaves, analyze the daily health of these slaves, the spread of certain diseases that ravaged the province, the reasons for their greater exposure to these diseases, and determine whether there was any public policy or initiative on the part of the masters to treat their illnesses, given that slaves constituted the main labor force. The sources used will be the burial records of the Nossa Senhora da Soledade Cemetery, reports and speeches by the presidents of the province of Pará, the work Epidemias no Pará by Arthur Vianna, the collection of laws from the period and newspaper advertisements.