Navegando por Assunto "Escravo africano"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetical-demographic data from two amazonian populations composed of descendants of african slaves: Pacoval and Curiau
(1999-06) GUERREIRO, João Farias; SANTOS, Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro dos; SANTOS, Eduardo José Melo dos; VALLINOTO, Antonio Carlos Rosário; VALLINOTO, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres; AGUIAR, Gilberto Ferreira de Souza; SANTOS, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos
The Amazon region of Brazil includes communities founded by escaped slaves, some of which still remain relatively isolated. We studied two such Afro-Brazilian communities (Pacoval and Curiau), in the rural area of Alenquer, Pará, and in the metropolitan region of Macapá, Amapá, respectively. Among 12 blood loci, alleles considered as markers of African ancestry, such as HBB*S, HBB*C, TF*D1, HP*2M, ABO*B, RH*D-, and CA2*2 were found at frequencies that are expected for populations with a predominantly African origin. Estimates of interethnic admixture indicated that the degree of the African component in Curiau (74%) is higher than that of Pacoval (44%); an Amerindian contribution was not detected in Curiau. Estimated values of African ancestry fit well with the degree of isolation and mobility of the communities. Pacoval exhibited a high proportion of immigrants among the parents and grandparents of the individuals studied, whereas persons living in Curiau exhibited a low level of mobility, despite its location in the metropolitan area of Macapá city, suggesting a relatively strong barrier against the interethnic admixture in this population. In addition, analysis of genetic data in a sub-sample consisting of individuals whose parents and grandparents were born in the study site, and that probably represents the populations two generations ago, indicated that gene flow from non-black people is not a recent event in both populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Origin of the hemoglobin S gene in a northern Brazilian population: the combined effects of slave trade and internal migrations
(1998-12) SOUSA, Gabriella Pante de; RIBEIRO, Rita de Cassia Mousinho; SANTOS, Eduardo José Melo dos; ZAGO, Marco Antonio; GUERREIRO, João Farias
We analyzed DNA polymorphisms in the b-globin gene cluster of 30 sickle cell anemia patients from Belém, the capital city of the State of Pará, in order to investigate the origin of the bS mutation. Sixty-seven percent of the bS chromosomes were Bantu type, 30% were Benin type, and 3% were Senegal type. The origin of the bS mutation in this population, estimated on the basis of bS-linked haplotypes, contradicts the historical records of direct slave trade from Africa to the northern region of Brazil. Historical records indicate a lower percentage of people from Benin. These discrepancies are probably due to domestic slave trade and later internal migrations, mainly from northeastern to northern regions. Haplotype distribution in Belém did not differ significantly from that observed in other Brazilian regions, although historical records indicate that most slaves from Atlantic West Africa, where the Senegal haplotype is prevalent, were destined for the northern region, whereas the northeast (Bahia, Pernambuco and Maranhão) was heavily supplied with slaves from Central West Africa, where the Benin haplotype predominates.