Navegando por Assunto "Estoque de carbono"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Ativos naturais e as comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia: o caso da Reserva Extrativista Verde para Sempre, Porto de Moz-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-28) PARAENSE, Vinicius de Campos; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-9178
The natural products of the Verde para Semper Extractive Reserve include an extensive range of environmental services that, in most cases, do not have differentiated values by the formal market. It so happens that even the importance of the flow is in nature, its relative is minimal or non-existent from the point of view of the financiers of the conventional economy. In this way, more comprehensive costs and costs than forest facts can incorporate the value of forest and environmental products of importance, in view of all the costs that, all the costs of paramount importance, in all the costs of activities with the externalities generated to society, the total economic value of these environments must be incorporated. Therefore, the objective of this work is to estimate the value of the natural assets of the RESEX Verde para Semper, considering the carbon stock of the area of the trees and the total volume of the trees (benefit-cost analysis) and the Total Economic Value (VET) of the area to be managed sites from the perception of socioeconomic residents and created externally by the Community Forest Management (MFC) activity (contingent valuation method). In the benefit-cost analysis, the tree individuals included in the forest inventories of the Annual Production Units (UPA) of the Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (Arimum), Por ti meu Deus and Paraíso do Acaraí communities were considered, obtaining the net present value forest capital (VPLCF) of: R$ 2,725,134.00 (R$ 6,776.41/ha); BRL 1,836,391.92 (BRL 4,045.36/ha-1); and R$ 650,151.92 (R$ 6,922.40/ha), respectively. The second methodology, designated by the integrated contingent valuation method (MIAC) was specified by the equations of willingness to pay (DAP) and willingness to receive (DAR), whose values were extracted from socioeconomic variables and indicators of the environmental dimension (DA) and dimension (DE), being included in the specification of the proposed econometric model. These results represent: the value that the interviewed residents are willing to pay for the preservation of the RESEX's natural assets and, thus, continue to enjoy the economic and environmental benefits promoted by the ecosystem products and services in the way that is currently being done; in addition to capturing the magnitude that they will be willing to accept, as a form of compensation, for the use of the natural capital in question. Based on the results generated by the MIAC, the average DAP value of R$ R$ 4.509,19/ha was obtained, considering the average total economic value (VET) of R$ 4.279.221,31 of the RESEX. The estimated average value of DAR was R$5.569,39/ha, reflecting a VET of R$5.285.351,11. The difference between the DAP and DAR values of only 19%, corroborates the innovative specification of the model and the efficiency of the field research. Finally, the estimated values show that local residents are aware of the magnitude of the natural resources and the socioeconomic potential of the RESEX's environmental asset, in addition to the essential role they play in their lives, as they are willing to pay high amounts for the maintenance of this asset and, thus, continue enjoying the economic and environmental benefits promoted by ecosystem products and services in the way they are currently being carried out.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sequestro de carbono em sistemas silvipastoris de regeneração natural da agricultura familiar, São Domingos do Araguaia - PA
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda, 2021-09) GUIMARÃES, Tatiane Pereira; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; OLIVEIRA, Ilmaione Keisa de Souza; CASTRO, Albinei Araujo de; OLIVEIRA, Pâmela Dias de; COSTA, Karolinny Carneiro Guerra
This research aimed to quantify the carbon stock of aboveground living vegetation in silvopastoral systems of natural regeneration practiced by family farmers in the settlement project Belo Horizonte II. The settlement is located in São Domingos do Araguaia – PA and the SSP managed from the natural regeneration of tree species constitutes an alternative for the integration of socioeconomic and environmental objectives, seeking sustainability for family farming in Southeast Pará. The biomass of the arboreal component was obtained from data from the field evaluation carried out in December 2009. The arboreal biomass per hectare was estimated from of calculation: BA = (ΣBA/1000) x (10000/plot area) and the carbon stock was estimated from ΔCBA = (BA x CF), where: ΔCBA = amount of carbon in aboveground living biomass (t C/ha); BA = aboveground living woody biomass (t DM/ha); CF = is the carbon fraction (t C /t MS) which, according to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), defaults to 0.5. The carbon stock in the aboveground living biomass was 14.08 t C/ha, being 0.27 C t/ha and 13.81 t C/ha for the woody and non-tree vegetation biomass, respectively.