Navegando por Assunto "Ethnography"

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Uma análise etnográfica na memória e cotidiano na Avenida Governador Magalhães Barata- Belém/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) BAHIA, Carmosina Maria Calliari; MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254198738703536
This research aims to analyze the memory and daily life at Magalhães Barata Avenue, using the method of Street Ethnography, used as a resource for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the area. This proposal is based on the experience of the researcher and architect of the Goeldi Museum, for over 30 years, which aroused looking at the changes in the former Independence Avenue architecture in this time interval. The choice of the ethnographic method provided a qualitative and closest approach of the avenue residents‘, allowing us to an analysis of the interactions, the memory of the residents, the daily lives of passersby, traditional activities of formal and non-formal working, from the first decades of the XX century. During the immersions in the avenue, we use the interviews to record the historical and affective memory of the passerby, who works and who lives on the avenue, as well as we use the photographic record as a way of highlighting the transformations in the architecture. In response to the guiding research question "How to preserve the architectural diversity of the Avenue, considering the changes that have occurred and the social dynamics of the place?" We conclude that the knowledge gained from the incursions in the field will allow the appreciation of the cultural heritage found in the stretch where a marked change in the customs and local ambience is visible. Through actions adapted by cultural institutions located in the Avenue, we can make the daily activities of the streets, where the human relationships are found, work and friendship ones, as well as routine activities that have the testimony of personal and social events. This is the rescue of cultural memory, an important factor for preservation of the identity of the place.
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Caminhos de gênero nas feras de Bissau: resiliência e desafios de mulheres guineenses em contextos de vulnerabilidade diante dos impactos sociais e econômicos da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) GOMES, Peti Mama; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043X
In Guinea Bissau, the feras - Crioulo word for “fairs” - play a significant role in the country's economic, social and cultural life. They are places of intense buying and selling of goods, encompassing issues of female emancipation, meeting and reunion points, historical narratives, experiences, and shared living. Therefore, they are configured as plural public spaces, and privileged contexts for ethnographic fieldwork, where a series of complex sociocultural relationships develop. This thesis aims to understand, through a female-centered and anthropological perspective, the socioeconomic dynamics of Guinean women, who sometimes are bideras (official fair female vendors), fassiduris di bida (women who make a living by selling), sumiaduris (women who own orchards), and bindiduris (female sellers in general) who played active roles - before, during and after the pandemics - in the three main local feras: Bande, Caracol, and Bairro Militar, all in Bissau city, capital of Guinea-Bissau. This study is the result of ethnographic research, whose methodological process combined online research and in-person fieldwork. For this, oral narratives from digital platforms were used, such as social networks, through messages and audios interchanged with di mindjeris di fera (the fair female vendors). During the research period, the main ethnographic strategies included informal conversations, transcriptions, and ethnographic data analysis. The last stages of research took place in Bissau, with a focus in the bideras and fassiduris di bida. In conclusion, the analysis focused on the problematization of gender relations and work, and how they were affected by the pandemics. The results indicate that my research interlocutors are responsible for a large part of the country's material and symbolic subsistence, which was evidenced and intensified with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemics.
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Curt Nimuendajú e as narrativas míticas tembé: Revisitando uma produção etnográfica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-04) SANTOS, Glaucia Silva dos; MORAES JÚNIOR, Manoel Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2429279552706202; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-7671
Revisiting an ethnography by Curt Nimuendajú that integrates a repertoire of mythical narratives of the Tembé Tenetehara indigenous group constitutes the research base of this dissertation. The ethnographer Curt Nimuendajú, a German who migrated to Brazil in 1903 and became, over forty years, an expert connoisseur of indigenous groups, published in 1915 in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie the text Sagen der Tembé-Indianer (Pará und Maranhão) in which he gathered ten mythical narratives of the Tembé Tenetehara. In this way, the present dissertation proposed to know about the context and the methodological orientations that allowed the production of such ethnography at the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, the research followed a biographical perspective of Curt Nimuendajú, which helped to visualize the course of his initial training in the field of study on indigenous populations, allowing to know the context of the ethnographic encounter with the Tembé Tenetehara in two moments, the first being in the mediations of the SPILTN's indigenist policies in the Gurupi River region, and the second in the dependencies of the religious mission of the Lombard Capuchins in the Pará municipality of Igarapé-Açú. In both contexts, Nimuendajú's ethnographic agenda focused on knowledge of the Tembé language and cosmology, research endeavors that were in line with the guidelines of German ethnology in vogue at the time through salvage ethnography, which he knows from the works of the German Americanists who are referenced in their ethnographies.
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A escola da Vila da Paz: um ensaio etnográfico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-25) OLIVEIRA, Mara Rita Duarte de; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588
At the work “School rural da Vila da Paz”: the research about culture, political, economic and social that bucolic community, we Will discuss the program’s execution “School Ativa” at the rural schools from Rondon do Pará, where we’ll analyze the E.M.E.F Vasco da Gama school (located at Vila da Paz society) as the main point of this text. Along all of this study we’ll have questions about how this program improved the students’ knowledge’s and show the teachers a better way of teaching, at the same time we are discussing the population to develop this program, emphasizing the school and community relationship importance. We Will show, at first, the government programs from 1930 until 1990 based on the rustic education is inserted. For this it’s also necessary do na incursion into the educational projects of the social movements connected with the conflicts at the yield
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Uma etnografia sensorial do fazer a feira na feira do Guamá
(Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2019-06) CASTRO, Marina Ramos Neves de
This work is based on an ethnography accomplished at a fair in Belém, between 2011 and 2018. We seek to move in the field of dialogue between Communication and Anthropology, exploring the proposition a "sensorial ethnography" (PINK, 2009; 2010) and the discussion on sharing of the sensitive one made by Laplantine (2007); Caune (2014) and Le Breton (2016a, 2016b, 2017) to understand the social forms (SIMMEL, 2013) of the taste in the researched space. In the work we highlight the implications of the sensorial experiences experienced in making the fair through the interactions experienced there; as these build a certain aesthetic, a certain way of being-together that reverberates in the everyday life of doing the fair.
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“Eu rezo e tomo meus banhos de ervas” narrativas ribeirinhas de padecimento e cuidado em saúde mental na Ilha do Combu – Belém/ Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) SANTOS, Cinthia de Castro; BELLOC, Márcio Mariath; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1570092596184654; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-7557
This doctoral thesis in psychology is based on the interest in understanding the interaction processes involved in the experiences of illness and care in mental health, in riverside communities on Combu Island, located in the city of Belém do Pará, which build the repertoire of narratives of the explanatory models of illness and care. When the illness is seen only from the biological side, when there is no recognition of the meanings in a broad way for the users and their family members, there is an interference in the recognition of problems that can be disturbing, but potentially treatable in the user's way of life. Illness is polysemic, experiences are varied and therefore it is worth examining each of the senses, both from a clinical and anthropological perspective. Thus, the interpretation of what illness is can also contribute to more effective care work within a territorial logic. In accordance with the assumptions of medical anthropology, it was decided to use the term “illness”, as we refer to the popular understanding and experience of illness and/or suffering, as indicated by the definition of illness. Another concept that we will also use throughout the work is that of explanatory models, understood by the ways in which a health/illness/care process is scientifically and popularly understood, including forms of prevention, treatment, control, relief or cure of a certain condition. The work gives visibility to the ways of understanding, explaining and caring for issues related to mental health in this community, and through the narratives of the community itself and participant observation, it seeks to understand how these understandings were constructed. Knowing what is in place and entering the field of what is not in place. Thus, the study begins with a question: how do the processes that result from the experience of illness and mental health care occur in these riverside communities? Recognizing and allowing mediation between technical, popular and traditional knowledge helps us understand the therapeutic itineraries followed by a certain population. Ethnography called us to immerse ourselves in the field of research, to experience the field and be with the research subjects, establishing a relationship with the subjects so that we could enable them to play a leading role in the process. As a result of this study, we identified that suffering models and self-care practices in mental health in the riverside community were constructed from personal and group experiences that were passed down from generation to generation of families of quilombola and indigenous origins, in addition to biomedical practices. The effects of enchantments are also present and the narratives are permeated by the knowledge of the psychiatric institution, with a double possibility of explaining the illness located between madness and mysticism, in addition to a lofty influence of neo-Pentecostal religions in the narratives of illness and self-care. Would it be a narrative that is repeated and retold about the colonization of the life history of the traditional communities of this territory? With this, we propose a reflection on the intervention in riverside explanatory models carried out both by the hegemonic biomedical model and by neo-Pentecostal Christian religious practices.
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Guardiães de saberes quilombolas da Amazônia brasileira: relações entre mulheres, território, memórias e plantas no Médio Itacuruçá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-17) CARVALHO, Silviane Couto de; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This dissertation focuses on studying the relationships that women from the quilombola community Igarapé São João in Médio Itacuruçá establish with the plants and herbs they cultivate. I turn to the knowledge, practices and worldviews historically arising from the management and cultivation of a diversity of plant species and fruit trees, medicinal herbs, roots, tree bark, vegetables and greens. Production that promotes the local and municipal economy, in addition to being a source of food supply and different forms of use by families in this community. The place of study where I carried out the ethnographic research is the riverside and quilombola community of Igarapé São João, in the Middle Itacuruçá, located in the municipality of Abaetetuba, in the region of the islands, a rural area in the state of Pará, Amazon, northern region of Brazil. Ethnography is one of the paths of qualitative research as it comprises the study based on direct observation of the customary living practices of a particular group of people (Mattos, 2011). Therefore, I used participant observation, ethnobiography (Gonçalves, 2012) and writing (Evaristo, 2020), with a view to capturing the experience lived by the interlocutors of this research. Between illnesses, observation of backyards, reports about home remedies and plants, in addition to my childhood memories, experiences and coexistence in the quilombola community of Médio Itacuruçá, I noticed the diversity of knowledge acquired and transmitted by women. In the face of a global environmental crisis and the confrontation of environmental conflicts (monoculture of oil palm and livestock), the agroforestry system used by traditional populations, including riverside and quilombola populations, is of paramount importance for the maintenance of life and biodiversity.
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Hospital D. Luiz I da Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa Beneficente do Pará como documento/monumento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-16) FIGUEIREDO, Cibelly Alessandra Rodrigues; MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254198738703536
This research presents the headquarters building of the D. Luiz I Hospital of the Praiseworthy Portuguese and Beneficent Society of Pará, built in 1877, located North of Brazil - in Belém city - as a cultural, material and immaterial identity memory support of the Portuguese immigrant that landed in Belém. The existing relationship between the Hospital’s architecture and the languages of Brazilian Imperial Classicism and Brazil’s Classicism in Portugal are evidenced by the transcontinental and reciprocal dialogue existing between the two Nations. The ethnography, under and anthropological look of the urban relationship mesh, was used as a tool for approaching and data obtainment that provided the recognition of the headquarter building as a historical, architectural and cultural patrimony of the health history in North of Brazil. The memory as a rapturous space of keepsakes and forgetfulness was used as a support to the study as a way to understand History. The patrimonial value connected to the object of study is evidenced by historical, architectural and cultural perspective. Therefore, this dissertation, in conclusive optics, shows factors, evidences and architectural and cultural traces that ratify the characterization of the D. Luiz I Hospital as “Document and Monument”.
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José Veríssimo: seus anos de formação (1877-1891)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-30) SILVA, Aline Costa da; PRESSLER, Gunter Karl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0100053541433805
The work, “José Veríssimo: His formative years (1877 to 1891)”, is about the intellectual production of this Amazonian thinker in his years in Pará, from 1877 to 1891. It aims to comprehend the critic’s thought – how he introduces and integrates the Amazon in the intellectual setting of the time, based on ethnographic, literary and educational themes that started in the Belenian press and which culminated in works that marked the first expressions of his thought. Using a qualitative bibliographic research method, the thesis was based on studies of hermeneutics by Friedrich Schleiermacher (1999), on the aesthetics of reception by Hans Robert Jauss (1979), on the paratextuality presented by Gerard Genette (1982), on the history of book by Roger Laufer (1980[1972]) and Robert Darnton (1995), the narratological studies by Wolf Schmid (2010) and the reception of pragmatic texts by Karlheinz Stierle (1979). Regarding the reception of José Veríssimo's anthology, the reading of Franklin Távora (1883), Silvio Romero (1980), Machado de Assis (1899), Francisco Prisco (1937), João Alexandre Barbosa (1974) and Felipe Tavares de Moraes (2018). Data analysis revealed that in the three themes in which the Obidense intellectual moved - Ethnographic, Literary and Educational - the critic brought to the debate issues of popular culture, politics, art, women, mestizaje, the indigenous, the black, from the working class, religion, housing, language, folklore, economy, among others, introducing, as an Amazonian thinker, a need for representation and interest in the building of a national intellectual project. It was noticed, in turn, that the reception of works is organized in several fields of knowledge, through which readers update the works and seek to understand the historical roots of the country and the formation of the critical language of the author of Scenes from Amazonian Life (1886).
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O Lugar do patrimônio cultural contemporâneo: conceito e realidade a partir de uma visão amazônica
(Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, 2011-11) NASCIMENTO, Claudia Helena Campos
This article intends to discuss about the cultural heritage and their Place, as symbolic and physic aspects, and the “invisibility” of their elements, through two ethnography exercises: in a rural site in Bujaru/PA town and an urban situation in Belém (capital of the state of Pará-Brazil). Both of them have relevant material elements to preserve: in the rural community (Santana do Bujaru) has a bicentennial church and, in the city of Belém, more than a hundred of sculptural objects situated in public spaces. The analysis intends to characterize the cultural heritage “locus” as Memory Place or Sites of Memory (Pierre Nora) and Non-Places (Marc Augé), intending to understand how these concepts are important to comprehend the cultural heritage in the contemporary society and what elements made the invisibility a symptom of Modernism.
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O ofício de benzer como produção de conhecimento no município de Tracuateua – PA – Amazônia – Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03) VILLACORTA, Gisela Macambira; CASTRO, Rita Cassia de Quadros
The craft of blessing consists of a cultural practice of popular knowledge in the Municipality of Tracuateua/ PA related to religious healing. Besides its intrinsic spiritual aspects, blessing is an important source of knowledge production for that community, despite the devaluation of its practice in relation to scientific knowledge. On regard to this theme, this work aimed, through an ethnographic study, to analyze the epistemology of blessing, from popular knowledge and healing practices, based on the concept of education of attention proposed by Tim Ingold. We seek to report the impacts of the overlapping of scientific knowledge over other knowledge, to identify the reasons for the devaluation of blessing practices and to signal the importance of dialogues between knowledges and the valorization of knowledge, regardless of its origin. From this epistemological analysis, we aim to subsidize public policies for the valorization of knowledge and cultural practices
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O ofício de benzer como produção de conhecimento: etnografando práticas de benzeção do município de Tracuateua – PA – Amazônia – Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-31) CASTRO, Rita de Cássia de Quadros; VILLACORTA, Gisela Macambira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4673875521234184
The craft of blessing consists of a cultural practice of popular knowledge in the Municipality of Tracuateua/ PA related to religious healing. Besides its intrinsic spiritual aspects, blessing is an important source of knowledge production for that community, despite the devaluation of its practice in relation to scientific knowledge. On regard to this theme, this work aimed, through an ethnographic study, to analyze the epistemology of blessing, from popular knowledge and healing practices, based on the concept of education of attention proposed by Tim Ingold. We seek to report the impacts of the overlapping of scientific knowledge over other knowledge, to identify the reasons for the devaluation of blessing practices and to signal the importance of dialogues between knowledges and the valorization of knowledge, regardless of its origin. From this epistemological analysis, we aim to subsidize public policies for the valorization of knowledge and cultural practices.
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Peixe frito, Santos e Batuques: Bruno de Menezes em experiências etnográficas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-06) WANZELER, Rodrigo de Souza; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
In this thesis, I undertake a study that primarily tries to present another reading key for the intellectual production of Bruno de Menezes (1893-1963), who gained prominence in the Amazon cultural scene as a great literary. Thus, I try to reconstitute important aspects of his life trajectory, I highlight representations of the daily life of the city of Belém coming from his social and political experiences and I focus the diversity and plurality of voices, coming from the latent interculturality in Belém of the first half of the twentieth century. In this exercise, I explore the ethnographic bias in some of his main compositions, an interpretive line chosen to resignify the studies on the black literate. In order to achieve the central objective of the research, in other words, the thesis that stitches the work, some questions became the north: What ethnographic experiences make up the life trajectories of Bruno de Menezes? How did the intellectual perceive himself and others in his writings? In what conditions and circuits did the writer conduct research and produce writings about the cultural dynamics in paraense scenarios of the Amazon? Finally, what is the importance of Bruno as a social thinker for the Amazon context in the first half of the twentieth century? The formulation and understanding of these issues are anchored in the theoretical-methodological cross-cutting of an ethnographic know-how that was aligned in the connections of Anthropology with Literature and Folklore, Cultural Studies, Postcolonial Studies and Oral History and it verticalizes in a field that literary works, folk surveys, photographs and oral reports reconstruct evidence of and about the writer on screen. In view of the above, I divide the academic text into two parts: in the first, I deal with Bruno's various paths throughout his life and emphasize established networks, which have contributed to the formation of his self-constitution and critical repertoire. In the second part, I approach three productions of Bruno de Menezes - Boi Bumba: auto popular; São Benedito da Praia: Folclore do Ver-o-Peso and Batuque. The intention is to reconstitute and analyze the ethnographic experience of these literary compositions and dare to include the black jurunense in the roll of the great thinkers about the culture in the Amazon, going, thus, beyond the literary aspect, facet which Bruno is really recognized. So, I think that from every epistemological background in which the thesis is supported, another Bruno de Menezes is unveiled, the esthete of the word is also an ethnographer of the paraense Amazon.
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Restauração de paisagens culturais: cosmovisão das populações indígenas e áreas prioritárias para restauração florestal no Mosaico Gurupi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-24) MIRANDA, Magda Valéria Corrêa; FORLINE, Louis Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2964073071859917; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-0982; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-909X
While deforestation results in huge losses, restoration of these spaces reestablishes connections between living beings and carries out a profound cultural rescue. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the connections established between the modeling performed for prioritizing areas for restoration and their local reinterpretation in terms of indigenous territoriality and cultural vulnerability, thus highlighting the social side of restoration. The study area (13,000, 032.79 ha) was delimited around the “Mosaico Gurupi” region (1,799, 639.32 ha), the main intact forest remnant of the Belem Endemism Area (AEB), overlapping the states from Para and Maranhão. This research embraced ethnographic elements of the indigenous populations that live in that region (Awa-Guajá, Ka’apor, Tembé and Guajajara) as well as ecological and social criteria, which were analyzed through multicriteria modeling using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique as a tool to define priority areas for restoration. Indigenous perceptions were also included with translations from the indigenous languages of the participating ethnic groups of some recurring terms in this theme. Most of the protected areas presented areas of highest priority in multiple scenarios, increasing the probability of natural regeneration. There is no area of highest priority coinciding with the three scenarios, which would represent the greatest possible chance of restoration success for the study area, as it would jointly meet different restoration objectives. In the study area, 17,354.07 ha were classified as a very high ecological demand for restoration in addition to highest probability of natural regeneration (scenarios 1 and 2), and in this same region 4.77 ha were classified as highest probability of natural regeneration and highest cultural benefit (scenarios 2 and 3). Until 2019 the study area as a whole had 9,536,772.37 ha (73.33 %) of its area deforested (subject to restoration) and the Mosaico Gurupi had 357,462.8 ha (19.86 %) deforested, demonstrating the great need for restoration in the region. It is therefore recommended to start restoration in areas of the highest priority in terms of cultural benefits in the Mosaico Gurupi, where the probability of natural regeneration is greater and where the main stakeholders, the indigenous population, are committed to restoration measures as well as involving other actors.
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A “Senhora do reino encantado de Guimarães” e suas contemporâneas: Antropologia e Literatura na trajetória da escrita feminina negra na Amazônia do entresséculos XIX e XX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) TRINDADE, Maria de Nazaré Barreto; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
The thesis The “Lady of the Enchanted Kingdom of Guimarães” and its contemporaries: Anthropology and Literature in the trajectory of black female writing in the Amazon region between the XIX and XX centuries intends to ethnographically reconstruct the literary, social and politic trajectory of female and black voices produced in Brazilian literature and, especially in the Amazon region between the XIX and XX centuries. To produce a web of relations where multivocality, that is, the multiple voices are put in evidence and, essentially, the voices silenced by a society built in the tripod of prejudice-racism-social discrimination. Through the dialog between anthropology and literature and by using ethnography as a theoretical-methodological conception that substantiates a type of “archaeology” of the knowledge on women who write and wrote and whose works remained shadowed by literary historiography. I believe that these questions are relevant in this context of intensification of the discussions around the construction of new power relations and the democratization of access to cultural property in Brazil. This way, we alsoface literature as a field of power, a space historically and socially built, where the publications and access were controlled by men, white and from privileged social groups. The thesis tracks a few of these female authors, whose names were, in certain moments, erased from official records, but whose writing remains registered in feuilletons, in loose publications, in journals, in published books. I will take into consideration their subjectivities, the trace of their existence in the world, or like Evaristo points out, whose write-living, or escrevivências, therefore, are for me subjects, from whom the thesis compiles and analyzes a slice of their life trajectories and literary production. Some authors were my companions in this attempt, among whom I mention: Lélia Gonzalez, Conceição Evaristo, Ângela Davis, bell hooks, Michele Perrot, Regina Dalcastagnè, Vicente Salles, Abdias do Nascimento, José Veríssimo, Aimé Cesairé, Frantz Fanon, George Balandier, Goldman, Pierre Bourdieu, J. Clifford, among others.