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Navegando por Assunto "Executive function"

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    Os efeitos agudos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) na cognição e na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca de crianças com ansiedade e depressão
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-29) SILVA, Luisa Matos da; TORRES NETO, João Bento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7874863858825807; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-9445
    Anxiety and depression (AD) are the most common and debilitating mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been studied as a component of improving inhibitory control, commonly affected in children with AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of HIIT on heart rate variability (HRV) and on inhibitory control of school children with AD. We performed a randomized crossover trial with 71 children aged 9 to 13 years, 36 girls and 35 boys, where children performed an acute HIIT training and stretching protocol (control) on different days. We used the RCADS questionnaire score to classify children for AD and analyzed this classification of the dispersion by quartiles (upper and lower). Inhibitory control was evaluated using the Flanker test before and after exercise, and HRV was obtained using a heart rate monitor and analyzed using the Kubios software. The effect of exercise was analyzed using pairwise estimation statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. Our results demonstrate that an acute HIIT produced improving effects on inhibitory control in both groups, such as the accuracy of incongruous latency responses, as well as the cost of conflict; in addition to improved congruent latency for the CAD group. The HRV results demonstrate that acute HIIT was not able to improve HRV, but there was a positive effect after stretching that needs further investigation in future works.
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    Os efeitos da atividade física baseada em movimentos de dança no movimento, funções executivas, episódios depressivos e qualidade de vida de pessoas com doença de Parkinson
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-21) DUARTE, Juliana dos Santos; KREJCOVÁ, Lane Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2604693973864638; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-4710
    Parkinson's disease is considered the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease in the world and is characterized by being chronic and progressive. Motor symptoms are understood, but non-motor symptoms may be present and appear at different temporal stages of the disease. Although pharmacological treatments are important to alleviate PD symptoms, they are still limited and most often trigger side effects. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that complement the pharmacological approach are increasingly being investigated to assess their possible beneficial effects on symptomatology and disease progression. Physical activity based on dance movements is emerging as a therapeutic approach to a range of PD symptoms as it is a multidimensional activity that requires rhythmic synchronization and more neuromuscular functions. To evaluate the effects of physical activity based on dance movements on movement, executive functions, depressive episodes and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with PD. 13 individuals with PD (8♀ 5♂), aged 65.9 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD), Hoehn & Yahr stages I to III, MDS-UPDRS 67.62 ± 20.83 (mean ± SD) performed two weekly sessions (50 min/session) of physical activity based on dance movements for six months. The assessment protocols were performed pre and post-intervention, applying the POMA test to assess movement, the FAB test to assess executive function and subdomains, the MADRS test to assess depressive episodes, the PDQ-39 questionnaire to assess the perception of quality of life and, finally, the MDS-UPDRS scale to assess the severity of PD. Student's t test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention results of physical activity based on dance movements. The significance level was 95% (p < 0.05). We observed significant improvement in balance and gait by the POMA test, t (12) = 2.283, p = 0.0207. Executive function by the FAB test, t (12) = 2.840, p = 0.0074, abstract reasoning and inhibitory control by the subdomains of the FAB Conceptualization test, t (12) = 2.941, p = 0.0062, and Inhibitory Control, t (12) = 2.920, p = 0.0064, showed significant improvements between the pre- and post-intervention periods of physical activity based on dance movements. Depressive episodes assessed by the MADRS test significantly reduced, t (12) = 2.264, p = 0.0214, and the perception of quality of life by the PDQ-39 had a significant increase after physical activity based on dance movements, t (12) = 4.239, p = 0.0006. We did not observe significant changes in PD severity. Physical activity based on dance movements has shown to have attenuating potential in movement, executive functions, depressive episodes and quality of life in PD, and may be effective in future rehabilitation. The characteristic elements of physical activity based on dance movements such as rhythmic synchronization, more cognitive-motor integration and social skills may have contributed to the results obtained in this study.
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    Os efeitos da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua na dupla tarefa de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-31) ARAÚJO, Ana Paula Monteiro de; ALVES, Erik Artur Cortinhas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9125390243566397; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-8075
    Introduction: In Parkinson's disease (PD), there are changes in brain connectivity, specifically in the motor areas and the cerebellum, when it is necessary to perform a Dual Task (DT). Added to the signs and symptoms, it causes negative repercussions on carrying out activities of daily living and the risk of falling, which is aggravated in TD conditions. On the other hand, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is capable of modulating the brain to establish new patterns of activity, acting on cognitive and motor variables, improving the functionality of these individuals. However, in the important context of TD, there is no review with this outcome in PD. Objective: To investigate whether isolated or associated tDCS is capable of altering the DT performance of people with PD. Methods: this review was based on the Core Items Guidelines for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the PROSPERO Database. The databases PubMed, Wiley, Scopus and Web of Science were used, without language or time restrictions. Clinical trials were included, which evaluated DT after tDCS (anodal or cathodal), isolated or associated when compared to the Sham or control group. Results: Only 4 studies were included. 62 participants were evaluated with Hoehn and Yahr (HY) minimum 1 and maximum 4.2 studies applied it alone (50%) and 2 studies associated it with physical exercise protocols (50%). Regarding the number of sessions, 3 authors evaluated a single session (75%) and 1 author evaluated 9 sessions (25%) associated with motor intervention. All used 2mA intensity. 3 authors used tDCS for 20 min (75%) and 1 author for 30 min (25%). 75% positioned the anode electrode in the Left Lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) and the most used evaluation instrument was the Timed Up Go (75%). Conclusion: tDCS can have a positive effect on the performance of DT in PD, especially associated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. The main area stimulated was the left DLPFC, but the sample was not sufficient to define it as the best target. 20 minutes of stimulation seems to be sufficient and a greater number of sessions may provide a greater effect. Larger clinical trials with greater standardization are needed to allow better comparison between studies and reduce possible bias.
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