Navegando por Assunto "Farmacognosia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise farmacognóstica das folhas de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt., Bignoniaceae
(2010-05) ALVES, Mauro Sérgio Marques; MENDES, Patrizia Cardoso; VIEIRA, Janaína Gell de Pontes; OZELA, Eliana Ferreira; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra
Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt. is a Bignoniaceae widely used in the popular medicine as anti-inflammatory and astringent agent, and for some illnesses as intestinal colic, diarrhoeas, anaemia and diseases of the skin. Its biological properties and dye biosynthesis lead the species to be used in the cosmetic industry. The use of natural products of vegetal origin implies in pharmacognostic quality control and purity assays that compose the technical specifications of the material. Therefore, the anatomical description of mature and young leaves of A. chica was carried through the use of optic microscopy on histological preparations. The leaves are hipostomatic and dorsiventral with heterogeneous mesophile. In petiole, the epidermis is unistratified, it contains trachoma and it is endowed with thin cuticle. The pharmacopoeia assays included the determination of the grain size distribution of the plant drug, the determination of humidity and the total ashes, beyond the phytochemistry approach of tincture, to establish parameters for its quality control.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação antifungica, farmacognóstica e toxicológica sazonal de Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-20) OLIVEIRA, Fábio Rodrigues de; GONÇALVES, Ana Cristina Baetas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6886126078022769; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
The study of medicinal plants raised great scientific interest, mainly due to them being considered as potential sources of bioactive molecules with differentiated structure and new mechanism of action. The importance of research focused on the discovery and production of new herbal medicines should be the great contribution they have presented before diverse pathologies. The species Petiveria alliacea is a medicinal plant widely used by the population of the Amazon region and stands out for presenting various claims and still use some classes of metabolites with proven therapeutic actions. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal pharmacognostical parameters, antifungal potential of the extracts produced at different sampling times on Aspergillus species and toxicity of these in vitro and in vivo. In the evaluation of seasonal Pharmacognostical, P. alliacea, using Brazilian Pharmacopeia methods the results demonstrated reproducible parameters for quality control of the plant drug, there was no difference in the presence of the chemical constituents of hydroalcoholic and dust, revealing the presence of saponins, alkaloids and sugars across the plant and root extracts and only sesquiterpenolactones depsides. The results of microdilution method performed with extracts from the roots of two periods, showed weak antifungal activity in vitro, but did not observe any effect of extracts of the aerial parts. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT colorimetric method, showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of the two periods did not reduce cell viability in any of the concentrations tested, and was any signs of acute toxicity of the extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg in mice. These data are considered relevant and the current study showed that P. alliacea is a promising medicinal species, but further investigations are required for its various allegations are confirmed and usage for the plant to be used in developing a new phytotherapeutic agent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-07-24) RIBEIRO, Christian Miranda; OLIVEIRA, Davi de Jesus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5170029508278769; VIEIRA, José Maria dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6807452375674442
The study of medicinal plants it makes possible the discovery of new bioactive components in the search for promising drugs. The increase of infections and the appearance of the microbial resistance strengthen this research. The Objective of this study it was evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of six medicinal plants of the Amazonia: Psidium guajava (guava), Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb (pirarucu), Eleutherine plicata Herb (marupazinho), Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw), Arrabideae chica (pariri) e Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry (cipó d'alho) against ATCC strains of fungi and bacteria.The collection and the identification of the plant were performed in EMBRAPA/CPATU and the phytochemical analysis in the Laboratory of FACFAR/UFPA and CESUPA in agreement with the methodologies established in these laboratories. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves and the underground parts of marupazinho were submitted to the antimicrobial activity evaluation though the ágar disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) though microdilution in plate and ágar disc diffusion methods. The extracts were used in concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62,5 and 31,25 mg/mL using as solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The Guava extract was effective against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans (MIC 125mg\mL), pirarucu was effective against S aureus (MIC= 500 mg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC= 250 mg/mL), marupazinho against S.aureus (MIC= 500mg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC= 250mg/mL), Cats claw against S. aureus (MIC= 62,5mg/mL) and pariri was effective against S. aureus (MIC= 62,5 mg/mL), E. coli (MIC=250 mg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC 500 mg/mL). The fractions of U. guianensis extracts was obtained though fractioned dissolution methods and show that only the methanolic fraction presented antimicrobial activity. The results show that Amazonia medicinal plants presents antimicrobial activity and. This promissory extracts open the possibility of finding new clinically effective antimicrobial compounds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização farmacognóstica de Piper arboreum var. Arboreum e P. tuberculatum (Piperaceae)
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016-06) SILVA, Rolf Junior Ferreira; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; FAIAL, Kelson do Carmo Freitas; MENDONÇA, Maria Sílvia de
Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum and P. tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae), both known as “pimenta-longa”, are frequently misidentified. Despite the fact that both species are sold as traditional phytotherapeutic products, there are no reports on their quality control. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize leaf and stem herbal drugs of both species using standard methods aiming to establish parameters for botanical authentication and purity degree for their quality control. Size, shape, color, taste, texture, fracture surface and transection characteristics, and leaf venation patterns are macroscopic diagnostic characters useful to distinguish the herbal drugs when they are not powdered. The following characters are useful for diagnostic purposes of the powdered herbal drugs: cuticular and epicuticular wax patterns, types of trichomes, and wall thickening of the tracheary elements, and shape of the hilum of the starch grains. Emergences are key morphological markers for P. tuberculatum herbal drugs. Physicochemical parameter values were similar in herbal drugs of both species, except acid-insoluble ash value which was higher in the P. arboreum var. arboreum stem herbal drugs. Piper arboreum var. arboreum herbal drugs had the highest metal concentrations. Al, Cu, Mn and V concentrations were the highest, whereas Cd, Co and Hg concentrations were the lowest in the herbal drugs of both species. The results obtained can be used as quality control parameters for the herbal drugs of both species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização farmacognóstica e avaliação antifúngica das folhas de Chrysobalanus icaco (Lin) em espécies de Candida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-12) PERES, Ana Regina Maués Noronha; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
Currently, Candidiasis has stood out among fungal infections, due to its high incidence and mortality. In parallel, there is a greater record of microbial resistance and therapeutic failures presented by antifungals available. Chrysobalanus icaco Lin, a species native to the Amazon, has been popularly used in mycoses, without scientific evidence, so the importance of research to evaluate their antifungal properties. The analysis pharmacognostic of leaves of C. icaco indicated levels of loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble 12.3% ± 0.0288, 4.31% ± 1.67% ± 0.0001 and 0.0012, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of C.icaco (EHCI) revealed the presence of organic acids, sugars, saponins, catechins, depsídeos, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, amino acids and purine. In HPLC analysis, it was dominated by the flavonoids, especially Myricetin. Antifungal activity was tested by microdilution opposite strain ATCC 40175 Candida albicans and eleven clinical isolates of oral Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The MIC ranged from greater than 6.25 mg / mL to 1.5 mg / mL and CFM, when determined, was equal to or greater than 6.25 mg / mL. The EHCI showed moderate activity against the strain ATCC 40175 and the weak antifungal activity against clinical isolates mouth. These results open new perspectives for studies that investigate fractions and substances Chrysobalanus icaco with greater activity against Candida species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização farmacognóstica, química, físico-química e estudos preliminares de pré-formulação da Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-10-22) ALVES, Mauro Sérgio Marques; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994
This work aimed the physical, chemical, physico-chemical and preformulations characterizing of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlt., belonging to the family of Bignoniacae, which receives several denominations, and in the Amazon region is known popularly as pariri, that is widely used in popular medicine for the treatment of many diseases, such as skin infirmities caused by dermatitis and eczema. The use of natural products from vegetal origin requires the pharmaco-botanical quality control and pureness analysis which sets the species technical specifications. Therefore, it was made an anatomical description of the young and mature leaves of the plant from observations made at the optic microscope in histological cuts. The pharmacological tests included the determination of the granulometrical distribution of the plants powder, determination of the humidity purport and of total ashes and, about the dyeing, it was made pH, relative density and solids purport determinations, and also it was made the chemical prospection, the chromatographic profile by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), besides the valuation of its microbial activity. To the powder as well as the dyeing of the A. chica observed the profiles by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal profiles by TGA and DTA. Some studies of preformulation were made by spectroscopy in the infrared region and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) of the binary mixtures of the formula adjuvants suggested to spread the dye, with the purpose to evaluate possible incompatibilities between the dye and these elements. The results obtained evidenced that the A. chica dye demonstrated to adjust to the aim demanded, moreover it assured the compatibility to the tested adjuvants to constitute the proposed formula, once none clue of physical or chemical incompatibilities were observed among them. The studies provided relevant basis to the development of the proposed formula, seeking to obtain quick results with the wished accuracy.