Navegando por Assunto "Ferro-gusa"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Em busca de carvão vegetal barato: o deslocamento de siderúrgicas para a Amazônia
(2006-12) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu
The article analyzes the process the installation and operation, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon area, of merchant pig iron producers the past two decades. In a smaller number and in a slower rhythm than expected by the state planners, twelve producers have settled in the Carajas Railroad Corridor. A merchant pig iron production requires high amounts of energy, supplied by charcoal. The article indicates meant an industry migration to that region whereas, until the 90’s, such producers were almost exclusively located in the Brazilian southeast, and that the charcoal demand is the main link between the industrial plants and the regional socio-economy. The charcoal production has resulted in many social and environmental impacts. Impacts materialized by the big pressure on the Amazon rain forest through imprudent environmental practices, and by charcoal production supported by precarious labor conditions, unhealthy working environment, and low wages. Such a scenario draw one alternative: the maintenance of pig iron production using the current patterns and the attachment of electric arc furnace on the existents blast furnaces in order to produce steel. At end the article appoints that the installing minimills do not solve the main socioenvironmental problem in the region: the processing of iron ore linked to the harmful effects caused by charcoal production. On the contrary, they can be even worsened.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Mercado de recicláveis do município de Açailândia-Maranhão: análise da economia guseira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-10-31) COSTA, Janelder Eustaquio Barbosa da; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This study aimed to analyze the steel production economy in the municipality of Açailândia-MA, observing the behavior of economic agents there, in particular for pig iron production with use of charcoal. The investigation resulted from the need to understand the local economic development process as a result of state policies, the Brazilian government adopted in the 1980s The study comes highlight the importance of the Eastern Amazon region to the Brazilian economy, considering their natural resources as commodities necessary for the world economy. This research allowed us to understand the importance of the eastern Amazon to the Brazilian economy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Siderurgia e carvoejamento na Amazônia: drenagem energético-material e pauperização regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-02-27) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; BRÜSEKE, Franz Josef; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7311026034758788
This study analyzed the development of the production of merchant pig iron in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon in the last quarter of the 20th century that was intended to supply the international steel market. In the 1980s, the state announced that industrial merchant pig iron plants would be an element in the strategic plan for the economic modernization of the region. This policy justified the granting of tax, credit and infrastructure benefits to 22 merchant pig iron and metallurgy companies. In examining the environmental effects of implementing this plan, the study found that the processes involved in producing pig iron are not energy efficient and have resulted in the consumption of the biomass supply of the Amazonian rainforest without consideration of the ecological consequences, resulting in increased human-generated pressure on that ecosystem. The study found that the plans to cultivate large areas of the rainforest to produce charcoal were not carried out, having been merely rhetoric, with no realistic basis. In the economic dimension, the study indicated that the limited success of the pig iron industry in stimulating processes of modernization is due to, among other things, the fact that the industry’s demand for charcoal is its primary connection with the region’s society and economy. This demand is met by hundreds of suppliers and, in this way, the industry controls the profit margin and reduces its production costs, transferring its private costs to the whole society. In addition, this study showed that the performance of this sector depends on the economic and institutional conditions. Specifically, the planting of forests to provide energy for industry requires long-term investment and there are wide oscillations in the price of pig iron. In addition, there are institutional dynamics at play that make it more possible to illegally exploit primary rainforest biomass for producing charcoal. Historically, these factors have led to the industry using charcoal from primary rainforest biomass rather than that produced through forestry. Based on this evidence, the study concluded that the state’s prediction of a regional modernization trend has not been realized. This is principally due to a lack of ability on the part of society to regulate the processing of materials and energy into merchandise, and the industry has therefore been marked by social and environmental degradation. Its effects have been contrary to those predicted in the state’s rhetoric; it has accelerated the transfer of energy, materials and value to other regions. The region has not had the capacity to balance this loss of energy and material resources with the importation of products, nor has the loss been balanced by the implementation of efficient mechanisms for the ndustrialization of the region.