Navegando por Assunto "Filogenia molecular"

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Caracterização genética, correlação antigênica e ecoepidemiológica dos vírus do grupo C (Bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) isolados nas américas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-28) NUNES, Márcio Roberto Teixeira; ROSA, Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
To date, no molecular studies on group C viruses (Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) have been published. The current work determined the complete small RNA segment and partial medium RNA segment nucleotide sequences for group C members. The full-length SRNA sequences ranged from 915 to 926 nucleotides in length, and revealed similar organization in comparison with other orthobunyaviruses. Based on the 705 nt of the N gene, group C members were distributed into 3 major phylogenetic groups, with the exception of Madrid virus that was placed outside of these 3 groups. Analysis of the Caraparu virus strain BeH 5546 revealed that it has an SRNA sequence nearly identical to that of Oriboca virus and is a natural reassortant virus. In addition, analysis of 345 nucleotides of the Gn gene for seven group C viruses and for strain BeH 5546 revealed a different phylogenetic topology, suggesting a reassortment pattern among them. These findings represent the first evidence for natural reassortment among the group C viruses, which include several human pathogens. Furthermore, our genetic data corroborate previous antigenic relationships determined using serologic assays (complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests), and suggest that a combination of informative molecular, serological and ecological data is a helpful tool to understand the molecular epidemiology of orthobunyavirus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogenia molecular dos xenarthra (Mammalia): análise do grupo cingulata a partir de sequências nucleotídicas do gene mitocondrial rRNA 16S
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-05-01) PAMPLONA NETO, Christóvam; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3621033429800270
Xenarthra is the group of mammals which include armadillos, anteaters and sloths. South America was the landscape of their natural history. Only toward the end of the Cenozoic they spread from South America to Cen-tral America and, in decreasing variety, farther in North America and to some of the West Indian islands. The 31 extant species are described within xenarthran lineage. They are distributed in 13 genera, four families (Brady-podidae, Magelonychidae, Myrmecophagidae and Dasypodidae) and two or-ders orders (Cingulata and Pilosa). The phylogeny of this group has been addressed by multiple researchers using both morphological and molecular data sets. Through phylogenetic analyses of protein-coding nuclear genes and mitochondrial genes, Delsuc et al. (2003) found evidence for the hy-pothesis of monophyly of the subfamilies Dasypodinae, Tolypeutinae and Euphactinae within the family Dasypodidae. They had generated the fol-lowing tree: (((Bradypus, Choloepus)100, ((Myrmecophaga, Tamandua)100, Cyclopes)100), ((D. kappleri, D. novemcinctus)100, (Tolypeutes, (Priodontes, Cabassous)54)100, (Zaedyus, (Euphractus, Chaetophractus)60)100)). Gaudin (2005) presented a work that reviewed and extended the morphological data available, concluding that the extant armadillos are divided in two groups, a basal group (Dasypodinae) and another more derivative (Euphractinae), in accordance with the following arrangement: (Bradypus, Tamandua), (Dasy-pus, (Priodontes, (Cabassous, (Tolypeutes, (Euphractus, Chaetophractus, (Za-edyus, Ch/amyphorus)42)36)72)72)40)85). In the work described in this dis-sertation, we sequenced part of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene from 12 extant taxa of Xenarthra to perform phylogeny analysis based on maximum-likelihood. Our results are presented analysing the 16S gene data alone, an concatenated with the dataset of Delsuc et al. (2003): (Bradypus, (Choloe-pus, ((Cyclopes, (Myrmecophaga, Tamandua)100)100, (Dasypus, (((Cabas-sous, Priodontes)68, Tolypeutes)100,((Chaetophractus, Euphractus)65, Za-edyus)100)100)100)100)100). Results were similar to those of previous stu-dies. However, an improvement in bootstrap values of certain branches could be noticed. We believe that Transposable Elements (UNES) are the molecular markers more adjusted to confirm uncertain arrangements sugges-ted by phylogenetic analyses mitocondrials and nuclear genes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogenia molecular e taxonomia do grupo Anolis chrysolepis Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Squamata, Polychrotidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) D’ANGIOLELLA, Annelise Batista; GAMBLE, Tony; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
The Amazon forest is the largest continumm tropical forest around the world and several mecanisms have been proposed to explain its high biological diversity. The Refuge Hypothesis is one of the most debated explanations used and is based on the contraction of forested areas during dry periods, restricting populations to forest refugia. Forests expand during wet periods and these climatic and vegetational oscillations during the Pleistocene would be responsible for speciation and distribution patterns seen in Amazonian species. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies confront this notion by indicating that most divergences among tropical forest vertebrate species predate the Pleistocene period. The Anolis chrysolepis clade, along with Anolis bombiceps, was previously studied and cited as a classic example of Pleistocene speciation, but recent studies showed substantial molecular divergence in the complex indicating that further studies about the subspecies relationships will demonstrate they are distinct species. We used the mithocondrial gene (ND2) to estimate phylogenetic relationships among the Anolis chrysolepis subspecies and the taxa previously hypothetized as related to them. In addition, their morphology and taxonomy status were revisited in order to confirm the congruence among the molecular and morphological datasets, determining if morphologically defined taxa are valid species. Based on both datasets, we elevate the five subspecies of Anolis chrysolepis to species status, diagnosticating each one of them with comments about the main morphological differences between the sister taxon and providing new distribution data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Low levels of genetic diversity depicted from mitochondrial DNA sequences in a heavily exploited marine fish (Cynoscion acoupa, Sciaenidae) from the Northern coast of Brazil
(2008) RODRIGUES, Rosa Maria da Silva; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; SILVA, Simoni Santos da; SOUZA, Marcelo Nazareno Vallinoto de; SAINT-PAUL, Ulrich; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
The acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa - Sciaenidae) is a marine species of croaker with estuarine-dependent behavior, found in the western Atlantic from Panama to Argentina. It is one of the most exploited food fish on the northern coast of Brazil. In this study, DNA sequences were determined from the entire control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome of 297 individuals collected during seven different months between December 2003 and August 2005 on the northern coast of Brazil (Amapá and Pará). Genetic variability expressed by haplotype (h = 0,892) and nucleotide (p = 0,003) diversities were low compared to other heavily exploited marine fish species from the western Atlantic and eastern Asia. AMOVA depicted a lack of genetic structuring among the samples from different years, indicating the presence of a single stock of C. acoupa within the sample area. The possible reasons for the low levels of genetic diversity are discussed. These results demonstrate a need for the monitoring of C. acoupa harvesting and the preservation of the estuaries within its geographic range, considering that this large fish depends on estuarine ecosystems during part of its life cycle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Molecular phylogenies, chromosomes and dispersion in Brazilian akodontines (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)
(2009-12) BARROS, Maria Claudene; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; BONINO, Alfredo Ricardo Langguth
A new molecular phylogeny for akodontine rodents from Brazil was proposed. The phylogenetic tree was enriched with the area of occurrence and with information on the karyotype of the samples. Based on this enriched tree, and with a described methodology, hypotheses were proposed on the karyotype and area of occurrence of the ancestors of each Clade. Thus it was possible to discuss hypotheses on chromosome evolution of the group, and on dispersion events from the "area of original differentiation" of akodontines in the Andes. Chromosome evolution started with high diploid numbers (2n=52) and showed a tendency to reduction (until 2n=14 in more recent clades). Independent side-branches of the tree showed 2n reduction and in one case the 2n increased. At least four dispersion events from the Andes down to South-eastern Brazil were proposed. The results should suggest the direction of new studies on comparative karyology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A new species of Mesocoelium (Digenea: Mesocoeliidae) found in Rhinella marina (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Amazonia
(2013-04) GOMES, Tássia Fernanda Furo; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; GIESE, Elane Guerreiro; FURTADO, Adriano Penha; GONÇALVES, Evonnildo Costa; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos
Mesocoelium lanfrediae sp. nov. (Digenea: Mesocoeliidae) inhabits the small intestine of Rhinella marina (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and is described here, with illustrations provided by light, scanning electron microscopy and molecular approachs. M. lanfrediae sp. nov. presents the typical characteristics of the genus, but is morphometrically and morphologically different from the species described previously. The main diagnostic characteristics of M. lanfrediae sp. nov. are (i) seven pairs of regularly-distributed spherical papillae on the oral sucker, (ii) ventral sucker outlined by four pairs of papillae distributed in a uniform pattern and interspersed with numerous spines, which are larger at the posterior margin and (iii) small, rounded tegumentary papillae around the opening of the oral sucker, which are morphologically different from those of the oral sucker itself, some of which are randomly disposed in the ventrolateral tegumentary region of the anterior third of the body. Addionally, based on SSU rDNA, a phylogenetic analysis including Brachycoeliidae and Mesocoeliidae taxa available on GenBank established the close relationship between M. lanfrediae sp. nov. and Mesocoelium sp.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Phylogenetic analysis of 16S mitochondrial DNA data in sloths and anteaters
(2003) BARROS, Maria Claudene; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; SCHNEIDER, Horacio
We sequenced part of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene in 17 extant taxa of Pilosa (sloths and anteaters) and used these sequences along with GenBank sequences of both extant and extinct sloths to perform phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods. By increasing the taxa density for anteaters and sloths we were able to clarify some points of the Pilosa phylogenetic tree. Our mitochondrial 16S results show Bradypodidae as a monophyletic and robustly supported clade in all the analysis. However, the Pleistocene fossil Mylodon darwinii does not group significantly to either Bradypodidae or Megalonychidae which indicates that trichotomy best represents the relationship between the families Mylodontidae, Bradypodidae and Megalonychidae. Divergence times also allowed us to discuss the taxonomic status of Cyclopes and the three species of three-toed sloths, Bradypus tridactylus, Bradypus variegatus and Bradypus torquatus. In the Bradypodidae the split between Bradypus torquatus and the proto-Bradypus tridactylus / B. variegatus was estimated as about 7.7 million years ago (MYA), while in the Myrmecophagidae the first offshoot was Cyclopes at about 31.8 MYA followed by the split between Myrmecophaga and Tamandua at 12.9 MYA. We estimate the split between sloths and anteaters to have occurred at about 37 MYA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The prion protein and New World primate phylogeny
(2004) SCHNEIDER, Igor; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; SILVA, Artur Luiz da Costa da
The PrPC prion protein contains 250 amino acids with some variation among species and is expressed in several cell types. PrPC is converted to PrPSc by a post-translational process in which it acquires amino acid sequences of three-dimensional conformation of -sheets. Variations in the prion protein gene were observed among 16 genera of New World primates (Platyrrhini), and resulted in amino acid substitutions when compared with the human sequence. Seven substitutions not yet described in the literature were found: W  R at position 31 in Cebuella, T  A at position 95 in Cacajao and Chiropotes, N S at position 100 in Brachyteles, L  Q at position 130 in Leontopithecus (in the sequence responsible for generating the -sheet 1), D  E at position 144 in Lagothrix (in the sequence responsible for the -helix 1), D G at position 147 in Saguinus (also located in the -helix 1 region), and M  I at position 232 in Alouatta. The phylogenetic trees generated by parsimony, neighbor-joining and Bayesian analyses strongly support the monophyletic status of the platyrrhines, but did not resolve relationships among families. However, the results do corroborate previous findings, which indicate that the three platyrrhine families radiated rapidly from an ancient split.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tocantins river as an effective barrier to gene flow in Saguinus niger populations
(2006) SOUZA, Marcelo Nazareno Vallinoto de; SILVA, Juliana Araripe Gomes da; RÊGO, Péricles Sena do; TAGLIARO, Claudia Helena; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; SCHNEIDER, Horacio
The Saguinus represent the basal genus of the Callitrichinae subfamily. Traditionally this genus is divided into three groups: Hairy, Mottled and Bare-face, however, molecular data failed to validate these groups as monophyletic units, as well as raised some subspecies to the species status. This is the case of the former subspecies Saguinus midas midas and S. midas niger, which are now considered as different species. In the present study, we sequenced a portion of the D-loop mtDNA region in populations from the East bank of the Xingu and from both banks of the Tocantins river, in order to test the effectiveness of large rivers as barriers to the gene flow in Saguinus. According to our results, the populations from the East and West banks of the Tocantins river are more divergent than true species like S. mystax and S. imperator. The Tocantins river may be acting as a barrier to gene flow, and consequently these very divergent populations may represent distinct taxonomic entities (species?).