Navegando por Assunto "Fitofisionomia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade da quiropterofauna (Mammalia) no Parque Ecológico de Gunma, Santa Bárbara do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FONSECA, Rodrigo Teixeira D'Alincourt; AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Implementing Conservation Units provides tools to prevent loss of biodiversity in areas under the influence of large urban towns. To monitor certain zoological groups in such Units may contribute to promote successful local conservation programs. The “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” (PEG, Gunma Ecological Park), a property with 540 ha administered by the “Associação Gunma Kenjin-Kai do Norte do Brasil”, preserves a forest remnant inside the city of Santa Bárbara do Pará, region of “Great Belém”, Pará State, Brazil. The Park is predominantly composed by “Terra Firme” (upland forest) and “Igapó” (seasonally flooded forests near streams and the main river) plant physiognomies. The present study aims to provide a taxonomic and ecological profile about the bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) occurring in the Park and its adjacencies. The quantitative analysis included measures of capture efforts, species richness and diversity, as well as an evaluation of community structures by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) in order to compare the two main physiognomies, and also two selected areas of “Terra Firme”. Thirty-seven species of bats, belonging to five families, were collected in the studied area during six campaigns from July to December 2005, although the cumulative species curves have not been asymptotic in any case. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (1-D) diversity indexes were of 1.86 and 0.69, respectively. The phyllostomid Carollia perspicillata exhibited the highest relative abundance of all species, comprising about 50% of the captures, but in a distinct way between plant physiognomies, since that rate was of 59% for “Terra Firme” and of 32% for “Igapó”. The finding of Neonycteris pusilla represents the second occurrence of this taxon recorded in the Pará State. Diversity estimates were higher for the Igapó (H’ = 1.91; [1- D] = 0.80) than for the “Terra Firme” (H’ = 1.71; [1-D] = 0.63), despite the small extension of the former environment (3.3% of the PEG area) and the higher species richness of the later environment. This profile may reflect the fact that almost the totality of bat captures in the studied region occurred during the driest months of the year, so that there would be preference of the species for places with greater water availability. Thus, it seems imperative to complement the inventory through samplings during the wet season, in order to formulate an accurate description of the PEG bat fauna. As already expected, a comparison between two “Terra Firme” areas subjected to distinct degradation pressures indicated greater bat fauna diversity in the less disturbed area. The importance of the PEG as a Conservation Unity may be attested by the local presence of vulnerable and near threatened species like N. pusilla and Tonatia carrikeri. Threats of anthropic interference on local ecosystems were detected mainly due to the proximity of the Park to rural-urban areas. Monitoring the species richness and ecological dynamics of bat fauna in the “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” can prevent local extinction of rare taxa, as well as avoid proliferation of those that are potentially harmful to human health in certain situations - as is the case of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a potential reservoir of rabies vírus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo de comunidades de briófitas sujeitas a diferentes graus de inundação no município de São Domingos do Capim, PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06) LOPES, Moisés Oliveira; SILVA, Marcio Roberto Pietrobom da; CARMO, Dimas Marchi do; PERALTA, Denilson Fernandes
(Comparative study of communities of bryophytes in different degrees of flooding in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim, Pará State, Brazil). Third-five transects were analyzed (10 × 10 m) for the floristic survey and eighteen transects (six for each vegetation type: Igapó Forest (IG), Várzea Forest (VA), and Terra Firme Forest (TE)) were randomly analyzed in order to compare the bryophyte communities. We found 118 species: 37 mosses and 82 liverworts Lejeuneaceae (63 species) was the richest among the liverwort families to liverworts and Calymperaceae (eight species) among mosses. The estimated species richness was lower than expected, but the collector’s curve was stabilized. The most colonized substrate was live bark (101 spp., 45 exclusive) followed by decomposing bark (66 spp., 16 exclusive). The results show that the vegetation types analyzed have has differences in bryophyte community richness (IG > TF > VA) and composition, due to the occurrence of exclusive species. The cluster (UPGMA) and ordination (NMDS) analyses indicated the presence of community structure among the three phytophysiognomy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inventário da araneofauna (Arachnida, Araneae) do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-25) CARVALHO, Leonardo Sousa; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
An inventory of the spider fauna of Sete Cidades National Park (Brasileira and Piracurua municipalities, State of Piauí), is presented using standardized sampling procedures to allow comparisons between the spider assemblages of six phytophysiognomies present at the study site and to obtain richness estimates. Data from sampling with pit-fall traps (PTF), Winkler apparatus (WIN), beating tray (GCE), sweeping net (RV) and nocturnal manual colleting (MN), totalizing 1386 samples were analyzed, together with all other specimens previously collected at the study site (n=1166). The statistical analyses were performed using data obtained with GCE, RV and MN. Altogether, 14.890 individuals (4491 adults), belonging to 364 species, were collected. From these, 72 were determined at specific level, 62 are new records for the study site, 2 are new records for Brazil and 48 were recognized as new species by specialists. The application of the methods GCE, RV and MN resulted in 11.085 spiders, belonging to 303 species. The richness estimates varied between 355 (Boostrap) and 467 (Jack 2) species. The best fit estimator, which first showed a trend to reach an asymptote, was Chao 2 (403 spp.). The observed richness was greater in tropical semideciduous dry forest (mata seca semi-decídua, 131 spp.), followed by the tropical ombrophilous alluvial occasionally flooded forest (mata de galleria, 104 spp.), medium tall grassland consisting mainly of bunch grasses (campo limpo, 102 spp.), evergreen broad-leaved woodland (cerradão, 91 spp.), evergreen broad-leaved sclerophyllous shrubland (cerrado típico, 88 spp.) and smaller in deciduous subdesert shrubland (cerrado rupestre). The efficiency of the collecting methods exhibited variation according to the phytophysiognomy in which it was applied, especially in the case of the sweeping net, which was much more efficient in open areas. The variation in species composition between the sampled phytophysiognomies can be, in part, explained by differences in the structural complexity of these vegetation types. The results of the cluster analysis suggest that, in conditions of high dominance, these tests should be performed with qualitative coefficients, in order to neutralize the effect of coefficient choose and/or the need of data transformation. The Sete Cidades National Park´s spider fauna does not followed the clustering patterns suggested by botanical analysis, by which grasslands, savannas and forested phytophysiognomies are grouped.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inventário de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) em quatro fitofisionomias da serra do cachimbo, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-04) RICETTI, Janael; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
A inventory of the spider fauna was carried out at Serra do Cachimbo, inside the "Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso", Novo Progresso municipality, Pará state, Brasil. Two expeditions were made, during both dry (August and September, 2003) and wet (March and April, 2004) seasons. Three collectors participated in each expedition. The sampling effort, represented by 240 samples, was divided through the following methods: beating tray and sweeping net (96 samples); nocturnal hand search (96 samples) and concentrated litter sorted by a combination of hand search and Winkler extractors (48 samples). The spiders assemblages from four vegetation types (open rainforest, Formiga river's riparian forest, arboreal savanna and white sand vegetation) were compared. A total of 4964 spiders were obtained, from which 2724 adults, resulting in 397 recognized morpho-species in 37 families. The most abundant families were Theridiidae, Salticidae and Araneidae and the ones with more species were Salticidae, Araneidae e Theridiidae. The singletons represented 40% of the total species richness and only two species presented more than 100 individuals. The estimated richness species curves reached from 473 (bootstrap) to 674 (jackknife2) species. The higher alpha-diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) was observed in open rainforest, followed by Formiga river's riparian forest, white sand vegetation and arboreal savanna. the higher beta-diversity (Jaccard and Morisita-Horn indexes) was observed between Open rainforest and white sand vegetation and the lowest one was between open rainforest, arboreal savanna and Formiga river's riparian forest. The dry season presented more species than the wet season. However, no such difference was detected in white sand vegetation. A principal component analysis revealed that some species are linked to arboreal vegetations and others are linked to the open vegetation in white sand. Those differences in diversity and taxonomic composition between the various vegetations can be explained by drifts in availability of food items (preys), space resources (refugees and substratum to web attachment), as well as micro-climatic factors (temperature and moisture) of a given vegetation type. The most experienced conectar sampled more species than any other collector and all less experienced collectors sampled similar number of species. The differences in abundance among samples obtained by each conectar were not significant. The night hand sampling was the most efficient technique regarding the detection of differences in species richness among vegetation types. The methods beating tray/sweep net and litter sampling do not showed any significant difference in relation to species richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mamíferos de médio e grande porte do Parque Nacional das nascentes do Rio Parnaíba, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-08) LIMA, Marcela Guimarães Moreira; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The Nascentes do Rio Parnaiba National Park is located at the convergence of the states of Piauí, Maranhão, Tocantins and Bahia. In order to evaluate the composition, richness, relative abundance, activity pattern of medium and largesized mammals of the Park, as well as the use of phytophysiognomies present at the study site by these species, an inventory was made using camera-trap, semi-structured interview and complementary sampling methods. It was registered a total of 37 species of mammals of medium and large size, distributed in 14 families and seven orders, 20 of which recorded by cameratraps, 16 by sightings and traces (footprints, feces and carcasses), and all through interviews with residents of the region. The estimator of the nonparametric richness Jackknife1 estimated 22 species for the Park (D.P. ± 1,41). Regarding phytophisiognomy, only gallery forest and cerrado sensu stricto showed a significant difference about the richness and relative abundance. Among the species recorded in the Park, the foxes Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex vetulus were the most abundant, respectively. Concerning the use of habitat, only Cerdocyon thous and Mazama gouazoubira showed significant differences between the phytophisiognomy, the first being from general habit and recorded specially in areas of cerrado sensu stricto, and the second most frequent in areas of more dense vegetation (cerradão). With respect to the composition of species, the cluster analysis indicated the areas of cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão with close similarity, which is probably due to the closer floristic similarity between these environments. The analysis of regional composition showed that the Park presents greater similarity in species composition with the UCs located in the southern of Piauí state (E.E. of Uruçuí- Una and PARNA of Serra das Confusões) than with other areas of Cerrado.