Navegando por Assunto "Fitomassa"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoques e fluxos de carbono em plantações florestais jovens de Acacia mangium e Schizolobium parahyba var. Amazonicum na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FREITAS, Jorge Fernando Barros de; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Forest plantations are considered as an alternative land use to mitigate the effects of climate change due to their potential for carbon sequestration in tree species. However, there is little information about carbon stocks and fluxes in forest plantations commonly used in the tropics, especially in the Amazon. The aim of this study was to quantify aboveground carbon stock and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in Acacia mangium Willd and Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum at different spacings. The study was conducted in Dom Eliseu, Pará, whose climate has a mean annual temperature around 25 ºC, annual rainfall varies from 2250 to 2500 mm; predominant soil is A moderate typic dystrophic Oxisol loamy soil. In this study we selected two species (A. mangium and S. parahyba var. Amazonicum) at two spacings (4.0 x 2.0 m and 4.0 x 3.0 m) with two replications, resulting in 4 treatments and 8 plots studied for a period of one year, from 2.5 to 3.5 years old. The plots measured 48 m x 60 m. We measured: height, diameter at breast height, soil CO2 flux, and estimated aboveground carbon stock. Mean soil CO2 efflux in plantations of A. mangium was 5.61 ± 1.30 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, and for S. parahyba the overall average was 7.07 ± 1.50 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. Annual accumulation of carbon in above-ground biomass A. mangium was 16.41 ± 1.16 and 14.03 ± 0.82 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in 4.0 x 2.0 m and 4.0 x 3.0 m and 3.0 m, respectively. In S. parahyba the annual accumulation rate was 8.93 ± 1.87 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. A. mangium plantations accumulated more carbon in aboveground biomass than S. parahyba, with lower annual soil CO2 efflux smaller in relation to S. parahyba in both spacings. Overall A. mangium plantations in the 4.0 x 2.0 m spacing are recommended for carbon sequestration projects. In relation to S. parahyba, the 4.0 x 3.0 m would be recommended due to the same efficiency in carbon sequestration with lower requirement of inputs (seedlings) compared to 4.0 x 2.0 m. Continuos monitoring of the studied plantations would be very suitable to better understand the carbon dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção e características estruturais de capim-Tanzânia sob diferentes frequências de desfolhações em clima tropical Am
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-09) MACEDO, Vitor Hugo Maués; CÂNDIDO, Ebson Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3646672308700905; SILVA, Wilton Ladeira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1593390000423230; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018
This study determined the effect of different frequency of defoliation (FD) on the structural and production characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania during the rainy season (RS) and dry season (DS) of 2015, in the Amazon region of Brazil. A randomized block design with six treatments and five replicates was used. The treatments corresponded to six FD (14; 21; 28; 35; 42 and 49 days). arranged in plots of 12 m2. Were evaluated the demographic pattern of tillering (DPT), tiller population density (TPD), canopy height (CH), leaf area index (LAI), , light interception (LI), total forage accumulation (TFA), and the leaf (LP), stem (SP) and dead material (DMP) proportions. The mean of the variables in each season was subjected to analysis of variance and the unfolding of the interaction between the different FD and the seasons were performed when significant by the F test. The means were analyzed by orthogonal polynomial contrasts using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software. Significant interaction (P<0.05) between FD and seasons was observed to the TPD, CH, LI, LAI and TFA variables. The TPD decreased (P < 0.0001) linearly from 891 to 560 tillers/m2 in the RS, and from 533 to 369 tillers/m2 in DS with FD from 14 to 49 days, respectively. Linear response was observed to the CH (P < 0.0001) characterized by the increase of its value with the decreasing of FD. The CH ranged from 58.72 to 117.42 cm with decreasing FD in the RS. In the DS the CH varied less than in the RS wit values between 37.69 and 49.03 cm, characterized for a quadratic adjustment (P = 0.0002). In the RS, the LAI and LI showed quadratic response (P < 0.05) with increasing from 3.60 to 6.05 and from 90.85% to 98.30% in FD from 14 to 49 days, respectively. The TFA which represents the sum of the cycles within each season, showed a quadratic adjustment (P = 0.0028) in RS with higher values for FD of 14 and 21 days, and a quadratic adjustment (P < 0.0001) in DS. In the rainy season it is recommended defoliation frequency around 21 days, corresponding to the 95% light interception and the canopy average height at 71 cm. In the dry season lower frequencies of defoliation are recommended such as every 49 days, due to high forage accumulation in relation to other frequencies in the dry season.