Navegando por Assunto "Florestas"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 21

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abundância e diversidade de palmeiras no Distrito Florestal Sustentável da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil
(2011-09) SALM, Rodolfo Aureliano; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira
The abundance and diversity of palm species, as well as its relationship with forest structure were investigated in two study areas in the Sustainable Forest District of the BR-163 road. As such, forty parcels of 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m) were established in a pristine forest in the Amazonia National Park, and another forty parcels in a area submitted to timber logging in the Tapajos National Forest. In each parcel, all the trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured and the adult palms were identified and counted. We verified that although the exploited forest of the Tapajos National Forest is structurally more open than the forest in the national park, it still has a quantity and diversity of palms inferior to the national park, probably due to the dispersal limitation of palms and the relatively recent logging activities. We concluded that exploitation potential of palms in native forests of the region is extremely limited by the natural scarcity of palms in native forests of economic potential, but could be amplified with the deliberate planting of useful species, with benefits for the natural dynamics of the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O amálgama floresta e agricultura na Reserva Extrativista Arióca Pruanã
(2013-06) SILVA JUNIOR, Amintas Lopes da; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires
The present study addresses the role of orchards and yards as interface between agriculture and extractivism in the Arióca Pruanã Extractivist Reserve, in the city of Oeiras, Pará state, Brazil. The agriculture depends on the forest and reconfigures it into secondary forests and orchards, as well as the forest insinuates itself into the yards as the wild plant species are therein introduced by human hands. The result of this management is the agroforestry in the landscape, visible face of the amalgam between agriculture and forest, and reproduction basis of the riparian lifestyle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da autonomia das populações tradicionais no manejo comunitário de recursos florestais madeireiros em unidade de conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-25) PACHECO, Jéssica dos Santos; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The present study aim to analyze the degree of autonomy of the traditional populations in the timber community forest management (CFM) in federal protected areas (UC) of the Brazilian Amazon. To do so, it was evaluated (1) the perception of stakeholders in two UCs and (2) the legal instruments and regulatory provisions that could influence this autonomy. In total, 111 stakeholders from the RESEX Verde Para Sempre (VPS) and the Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) were interviewed among the Government, Community and Partner Organizations segments. The perception was evaluated by SWOT analysis and 5-level Likert scale satisfaction questionnaires. Relevant documents on the MFC used in the UCs (minutes, reports, diagnoses, among others) were also evaluated. Decision makers from the main federal environmental agencies in Brasilia were also interviewed. The results showed that the dependence of annual permits from the ICMBio and the administrative procedures of the MFC directly interfere in the autonomy of the traditional populations, although they are of exclusive obligations of the environmental agencies. In the initiatives studied, there was relative satisfaction on the autonomy of the traditional populations. However, governmental interference occurred in both cases. In the FLONA Tapajós, the governmental administrative structure has affected the freedom of the community to define its productive choices, mainly due to the outdated management plan of the UC. Also, the autonomy to organize and manage forest production has been restricted at RESEX VpS, both due to its financial dependence on partner organizations and the time lapse until management license is approved. The legal instruments and regulatory provisions of the MFC in UC are the main inducers of this scenario. It was verified that these instruments are constituted by rules of territorial, procedural and technical dimensions that, to a greater or lesser extent, interfere in the community autonomy in the management of the forest resource, in the process of obtaining the MFC license, and in the techniques required in the activity. The failure to comply with the legal determination to create differentiated provisions of sustainable forest management plans adapted to community needs has conditioned traditional communities to standardized technical requirements, to the detriment of the constitutional and legal recognition of their livelihood rights. Some priority changes in the regulations were identified and proposed in this study. It was concluded that the simplification of some instruments could increase the degree of autonomy in the timber CFM allowing its multiplication in the Amazon region, while ensuring, at the same time, a balanced and effective control by the State over public forests in common ownership.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do desflorestamento nos municípios do estado do Pará entre os anos de 2000 a 2009 e a importância das áreas protegidas na contenção do desflorestamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-26) MONTEIRO, Elivelton Ferreira; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
This work aims to demonstrate the process of deforestation in the municipalities of Pará state and the importance of protected areas and indigenous territories in curbing the same. The study area constitutes the state of Para, which has an area of 1,247,690 km², and its 143 municipalities. Data were collected at INPE Monitoring Project in the Brazilian Amazon Forest by Satellite - PRODES. The processing and analysis of vector data was performed using ArcView 3.3 software. Deforestation accumulated by the year 2009, the state of Pará is about 19.6%. Since the remaining forest cover is about 65%. Deforestation in Pará presents itself differently among the twelve regions of integration, deforestation is concentrated mainly in northeastern and southeastern regions of the state, and also along major highways. The proportion of deforestation is varied between the municipalities of Pará Of the 143 municipalities, 31 are between 0 and 15.5% of their lands deforested, represents 21.7% of the total, 16 municipalities (11, 2%) are entre15, 5% and 35.5%, 32 municipalities (22.4%) are between 35.5% and 55.5%, 24 municipalities (11.9%) are between 55.5 and 75, 5% and 40 municipalities are between 75.5% and 95.5% of deforestation their territories, representing 28%. Of the 143 municipalities, 24 are between 0 and 15.5% of their lands deforested, represents 16.8% of the total, 22 municipalities (15.4%) are entre15, 5% and 35.5%, 27 municipalities (18.9%) are between 35.5% and 55.5%, 27 municipalities (18.9%) are between 55.5 and 75.5%, and 43 counties are between 75.5% and 95.5 % of deforested their territories, which represents 30.1%. In the state of Pará today there are 117 protected areas, being a Military Area, occupying 1.7%, 71 Conservation Units (14 Full Protection and Sustainable Use of 57) and 45 indigenous lands, occupying 29.03% and 22 9%, respectively, totaling 53.6% of the total state. The proportion of protected areas varies greatly among municipalities in the state of Pará Of the 143 cities, 16 shows from 55.5% to 93.6% of their territory within protected areas, representing 11.2% of the total, 12 municipalities (8.4%) had between 35.5% to 55.5%, 23 municipalities (16.1%) had between 15.5% - 35.5%, 15 municipalities (10.5%) are between 5, 5% - 16.5%, and the vast majority, 77 municipalities are between 0 and 5.5% of their territory within protected areas, representing 53.8%. There was a significant and negative correlation between the proportion of deforestation and the proportion of protected areas in Pará (r =-0.66). The municipalities that have the highest percentage of protected areas are therefore those with the lowest proportion of deforested their territories. The analysis of deforestation in the inner and outer municipalities of Pará showed the large proportion of vegetation within these areas compared to its exterior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de regimes de umidade em regiões tropicais: comparação entre floresta e savana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-11) SILVA, Ludmila Monteiro da; SÁ, Leonardo Deane de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0107976161469463; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
This study aims to investigate a method to classify humidity regimes based on different "states" characterization of the Tropical Atmospheric Boundary Layer (TABL), both above a forest area and above a savanna area, according with the methodology proposed by Mahrt (1991). Starting this classification, an improvement is performed while incorporates both the analysis of the thermodynamic stability of TABL for a forest area and the variation in Convection Available Potential Energy (CAPE). In these analyses, radiosonde data and data from micrometeorological towers obtained during field experiments have been used, collected during the less rainy period in each area. For the forest area (Caxiuanã) data from the COBRAPARÁ experiment were used (spanning the period from 06 to 13/11 of 2006), while for the savanna area (Daly Waters) data from the “KOORIN” experiment were used (spanning the period from 15/07 to 13/08 of 1974, in Australia). The comparison of humidity regimes of each area suggests that, should the Amazon rainforest be replaced with savanna, this would result in a drier atmosphere, with most of the energy used for the heating of that atmosphere, reduced evapotranspiration, decreased precipitation and the inexistence of CAPE. On the other hand, the analysis of the stability of the atmosphere in Caxiuanã showed that, contrary to observations in the Western Amazon, during the COBRA-PARÁ Experiment, the largest values of CAPE occurred at 18:00 local time due to the humidity convergence that occurs in the bay of Caxiuanã through the land-breeze circulation, indicating that in that area the maximum values of CAPE were associated predominantly with the humidity fields and not with temperature. Under such a “disturbed” TABL conditions, the phase space proposed by Mahrt (1991) doesn’t characterize well moisture regimes associated with great CAPE values.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do comum ao privado: as transformações quanto aos principais usos da floresta na Comunidade Santa Maria Assentamento Olho D'Agua II, Município de Moju/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-31) MOREIRA, Liliane Freitas Costa; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
This study analyses how changes in land tenure regime influences the use of forests by small farmers in the Amazon frontier. The study compared the management practices adopted by farmers in the past, when they hold a communal area of forest, with the practices adopted after the creation of a settlement with each family holding individual plots. Specifically the research focused on changes in access to hunt and in use of slash-and-burn agriculture, both fundamental activities to farmer’s economies. The research was carried out in Santa Maria Community, part of Olho D’Água settlement, in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, Brazil. The research was conduced between May and July 2008 and included literature review and interviews with local farmers during the field research. The study revealed significant reduction in capture of hunt by local farmers given to restricted access to hunting areas which are now privet and also given to higher demand caused by the increasing number of settled families. As hunt is no longer abundant, farmers intensified slash-and-burn agriculture as a source of food as well as cash income for buying meet in local markets. It is expected that such study fill the gap regarding the lack of researches in the Northern Pará's settlements, especially the relations that the locals have established with the forest in the changes of property regimes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia de PFNM na Resex Guariba Roosevelt no noroeste Mato-Grossense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-18) SANTOS, Alessandra Maria Filippin Passos; CATTANIO, Jpsé Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
The Brazilian Amazon provides ecosystem services that are crucial for the entire planet, including carbon sequestration, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, and hydrological cycles. However, these benefits are increasingly threatened by environmental pressures, forest conversion, and illegal economic activities. To address these challenges, Brazil has implemented measures such as the creation of protected areas, such as Conservation Units. Among these, the Extractive Reserves (RESEX) stand out, as sustainable-use areas that are home to traditional communities, such as extractivists. This thesis focuses on the extractive activities within the Guariba Roosevelt RESEX, located in the state of Mato Grosso, the only RESEX in the state facing significant environmental pressures. The primary source of income for the extractivists is the exploitation of nontimber forest products (NTFP), and forest preservation is essential for maintaining their traditional way of life. To meet the study's objectives, an interdisciplinary methodology was employed, combining a bibliographic review of major academic scientific databases with field research in the RESEX, using semi-structured questionnaires. The results demonstrated the socioeconomic profile of the extractivists, showing that the majority are aged 40 or older, indicating a trend of younger generations leaving in search of alternative opportunities. This shift impacts the NTFP production. The study also identified the main NTFPs harvested in the RESEX and those with untapped potential, which remain unexploited due to logistics challenges, lack of training and insufficient labor. Additionally, a land use and land cover analysis using remote sensing data (raster format) from MapBiomas was conducted to assess erosion, avoided deforestation total carbon stock, and the RESEX ' s potential in the carbon market. Finally, the perceptions of extractivists regarding climate change, biodiversity, and outmigration of young people were analyzed. The findings indicate that young people are leaving the RESEX primarily for employment and education opportunities, and infrastructure improvements, they have lost interest in extractive activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evapotranspiração regional utilizando imagens orbitais para a Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FERREIRA JÚNIOR, Pedro Pereira; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
The evapotranspiration (ET) was spatialized using SEBAL algorithm for a region of primary forest in the eastern Amazon (Caxiuanã, Pará). To this end, we used observational data of micrometeorológica tower (located in this forest) in combination with orbital source data (Modis/Acqua images). In qualitative terms, the first results indicated that, despite the overestimation, the SEBAL plays well the pattern of variability monthly evapotranspiration for the region, mainly for the months of dry season; as to quantitative terms, the results revealed there’s need for accuracy in the algorithm. Thus, we calibrated the SEBAL from net radiation (Rn), with adjustments in the albedo, atmospheric and surface emissivity. Estimates of ET generated from this modified SEBAL presented significant improvements in reproduction of daily variability of evapotranspiration for the region, especially in the days of the rainy season. That is, the settings made in the algorithm showed that the rates of ET estimated became more similar to those reported in the literature for the Amazon, agreeing better with evapotranspiration observed. Using the modified SEBAL was can also map the albedo, net radiation, NDVI and ET for two distinct vegetation in Caxiuanã. Spatial estimation of biophysical parameters was consistently played for the two vegetation types, demonstrating that if the SEBAL modified is applied to temporal and spatial data of high resolution, this technique can be routinely used, becoming a fundamental tool in the monitoring of atmospheric and water needs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Florestas e comunidade: cotidiano de famílias em Jericó, Garrafão do Norte, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-05-25) VIEIRA, Paulo Roberto; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
At Eastern Amazon, farmers' families build their daily life starting from the forests that complement the landscape, appropriating of the material and non-materials resources which come from the vegetation. The human’s pressure over the nature during the years creates a social drama while the families see the surrounded forests refusing and they become threatened about their land permanence. It was intended to discuss about the various families-forest relations views based in a detailed observation of the daily life at Jericó community in Garrafão do Norte, Pará, Brasil, using as resources: interviews, informal chats and photographic registrations, always having a solid base for the analyses in the local empiric knowledge about the nature. Even if the families worry about the forest degradation there’s a constant necessity to use these forests to guarantee the agricultural productions and other daily activities. In this context, the forest works as a mirror of the man, in front of which he is looking for his self-understanding in the world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxos de CO2 do solo na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, durante o experimento ESECAFLOR/LBA
(2013-03) SILVA JUNIOR, João de Athaydes; COSTA, Antonio Carlos Lôla da; AZEVEDO, Pedro Vieira de; COSTA, Rafael Ferreira da; METCALFE, Daniel B.; GONÇALVES, Paulo Henrique Lopes; BRAGA, Alan Pantoja; MALHI, Yadvinder Singh; ARAGÃO, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de; MEIR, Patrick
The ESECAFLOR/LBA experiment was carried out at the Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará State, and this article intends to investigate the effect of hydrological stress on the total soil respiration. Two adjacent 1 hectare plots were defined in January 2002. One plot remained in its natural conditions and was used as a control (A), while in the exclusion plot (B) plastic cover panels were installed in order to drain about 70% of the total rainfall to outside of the plot. Accumulated monthly rainfall was recorded from 2005 January to December. During 2005 the rainfall over the ECFPn was 2,211.6 mm, or 9.96% above the mean of 2,011.2 mm. The average soil moisture was 15.6±9.2 and 9.5±3.4% in the plots A and B, respectively. The average soil temperature was 25.6±0.4 and 25.7±0.5 ºC, for the A and B plots, respectively. The average soil CO2 flux was 3.46±0.44 and 3.21±0.84 μmolCO2 m-2s-1 in the A and B plots, respectively. With the exclusion of part of rain in plot B, it had a reduction of 7.23% in the soil CO2 flux (0.25 μmolCO2 m-2s-1), 39.1% in the soil humidity (6.1p.p.), and an increase of 0.39% in the soil temperature (0.1ºC). The soil moisture in parcel B was lesser than in the parcel A, due to the exclusion system of rain. However at the beginning of the year, site B undergone some changes causing the measuring values to be about the same on both areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Forest deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon states and its impacts on natural resources: construction of statistical-econometric panel model for 2000-2018
(Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2020) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; AIRES, Alana Paula de Araújo
In Brazil, deforestation in the Amazon is the main factor which is responsible for the destruction of natural resources and environment degradation. Economic growth and improving income distribution, for example, contribute to an increased demand for land and to the expansion of livestock production. Thus, in order to analyze the effects of economic growth and income distribution on natural resources, first it is necessary to distinguish the dynamics of the economic growth (whether slow or accelerated); and second, it is essential to know the form in which economic growth is taking place: whether through the extensive absorption of using factors of production; or whether through intense absorption with an increase in the productivity of the factors of production due to technical innovations; and third, the fact that the economy grows in a finite ecosystem implies an increase in opportunity costs. The effect of deforestation ultimately affects economic productivity and also provokes other ecological and socioeconomic disruptions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of deforestation on the natural resources of the area known as Legal Amazon, during the period 2000-2018. For this, statistical-econometric instruments from panel modeling have been used. The central conclusion is that the main regressors associated with the rate of deforestation in the surveyed states continue to be the significant causes of this problem throughout the region. Thus, it is assumed that deforestation in the Amazon is, in fact, the main factor responsible for the destruction of natural resources. However, it cannot be denied that extensive livestock production continues to be the main activity responsible for the significant increase in deforestation in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos das mudanças climáticas na biomassa florestal Amazônica: Previsão de perda e estratégias de conservação prioritárias para o potencial de biomassa sob as mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) CAMPOS, Mayara Soares; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The study addresses the influence of climate change on Aboveground Biomass (AGB) in the Amazon, examining both reduction forecasts and potential increases under different climate scenarios until the end of the century. Using AGB data (GEDI) and climate variables from Global Circulation Models (GCM‘s) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP‘s), the research employs Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to explore spatial patterns of AGB distribution. The results point to a significant decline in AGB, with estimated reductions ranging from 14.2% to 32.1%, where the average vegetation density could drop to 177.61 Mg/ha-1 by 2040 and 140.43 Mg/ha-1 by 2100, indicating a decrease in the forest's carbon sequestration capacity, especially in the northeast, central-east, west, and south regions of the Amazon. Conversely, potential AGB gains were identified in specific areas of the Brazilian Amazon, mainly in the northwest and southeast regions, covering the Negro, Xingu, and Tapajós river basins, under both future scenarios. Indigenous Lands (TI‘s) emerge as crucial for conservation, exhibiting greater AGB gains in both scenarios analyzed. This study underscores the importance of mitigation strategies and the role of protected areas in maintaining Amazon resilience in the face of future climate adversities. By highlighting areas of potential AGB increase, it emphasizes the significance of preserving and valuing protected areas and TI‘s as fundamental strategies to address environmental and climate challenges. This approach not only focuses on mitigating AGB loss but also recognizes the potential of specific regions to positively contribute to Amazon resilience amid future climate changes. Therefore, this study is of great importance for both science and public policy formulations, as it provides an analysis of the impact of AGB climate change in the Amazon, essential in the carbon cycle and, by extension, in mitigating global climate change. By identifying vulnerable regions and those with potential AGB increase, it highlights the urgency of targeted conservation strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Planting coconuts in Indian villages: ethnoecological aspects and evaluation of a "sustainable development" project
(2010-03) SALM, Rodolfo Aureliano; FEDER, Lisa; JALLES FILHO, Euphly; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves
Although scientists and policy makers embrace the general concept "sustainable development", there are few who agree on how to carry out sustainable development in specific situations. As such, sustainable development projects among ethnoscientists are widely critiqued as to how well they are inter-culturally formulated. Here we report on a controversial case of planting coconuts in Kayapó Indian villages of southern Pará, Brazil and offer our own self-critique. We began under the premise that reforestation and Kayapó general health/nutrition go hand in hand. Therefore, the flourishing of coconut culture will contribute to forest conservation in the long run, in itself, and simultaneously, maintain good nutrition for the Kayapó people who protect the forest from the threat of non-sustainable practices. We take an ethnoecological approach in discovering how Kayapó behavior affects the growth and flourishing of coconut culture when fostered with external supply. We present the results of two field trips to the Kayapó indigenous territory, where we found socio-ecological factors relevant to the success of our project supporting the culture of coconuts in indigenous villages. First, in November 2007, we visited Kikretum, Moikarakô and Aukre villages (among 10 villages which received coconut seedlings from our support program) to deliver a second shipment of coconut seedlings (the first shipment to these villages took place in April 2006) and quantitatively described one aspect of coconut seed-disperser's (the Kayapó's) behavior. We looked specifically at how the pre-existing coconuts palms were distributed among the Indian families, how they distributed last year's shipment, and how that shipment survived due to ethnoecological factors. Second, in July 2008 we visited Kokraimoro and Pykararankre villages and estimated the position of the previously existing and newly planted coconut palms in relation to other cultivated trees by making use of censuses departing from the village center to their outside limits. In the three Indian villages we visited in 2007, virtually all pre-existing coconut trees belonged to a select few families, and the coconut fruit distribution was, in most cases, highly concentrated among these family members. However, assuming that all the coconut saplings that survived the first year will reach maturity (from the first shipment in April 2006), they represent a remarkable increase in the projected number of adult coconut palms in the three visited villages (48, 195 and 101% in Kikretum, Moikarakô and Aukre, respectively), and a substantial reduction in the inequality in access to coconuts. In the 2008 field trip, we found that the Indians usually plant coconuts very close to their houses where competition with other cultivated trees may hinder the palms development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quantificação e avaliação de abertura no dossel em áreas de concessões florestais: Mamuru-Arapiuns-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) MORAES, Iranilda Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Amazonian tropical rainforests have historically been the target of non-sustainable land use practices, remain the scars of degradation from predatory logging, indiscriminate use of fire, high rates of deforestation and other activities that interfere in forest biodiversity conservation actions. In this scenario, the State actuation through policies that encourage more sustainable uses is needed, like the forest concession that seeks to contribute to natural resources conservation and maintenance of biodiversity through forest management. The generation of products like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Linear Spectral Mixture Model and Canopy Gap Fraction was done in order to create elements of interpretation and analysis of the canopy openness variable. This research studied the Forest Management Unit I of the Mamuru-Arapiuns lot, west region of Pará state, where canopy openness of this forest concession area was quantified and evaluated through multispectral images and hemispherical photographs to analyze the degradation and quality of the management executed in this area. The results obtained showed that is possible to establish a monitoring process by the use of the sensors and technics applied, once the LSMM data, specially the unmixed image soil showed strong covariance relation with the field data from hemispherical photographs, allowing it to be considered a good warning tool to amazon forests monitoring actions. This way, it is possible to make the management of forests more accessible to the government and non-governmental or private organizations to police the logging actions and aggregate the population that live on these areas, with income opportunities and forest conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
REDD+ no Estado do Pará: a política ambiental climática paraense no contexto nacional e internacional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) AMARANTE, Caroline Bastos do; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The insertion of the mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in the context of the legal-normative and institutional framework of the State of Pará, is the theme addressed by this work. The methodology used in this research was based on two techniques of data collection, namely the documentary survey and application of questionnaires given to state agencies responsible for coordination and implementation of this mechanism within Para. In recent emergence on the scene of international discussions on the environment and global climate change, carried out under the Framework Convention of the United Nations on Climate Change, REDD is presented as a proposal for avoided deforestation in developing countries, whose preservation the forest estate, in view of the potential benefits to the mitigation of global warming should be offset by compensation of individuals, communities, projects and countries, as proposed originally released in 2005, during COP 11, held in Montreal, Canada. In this context, the State of Pará, which ended the year 2012 as the leader in numbers of deforestation among states in the Legal Amazon, in 2009 predicted the inclusion of REDD in its legal regulatory and institutional as part of the actions of the Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation Alternatives of Pará State (State Decree n. 1.697/2009). Elapsed the first phase of implementation of the Plan, the interstitial August 2009 to August 2012, research found that decision-making processes for implementation of the mechanism have not progressed, despite the existence of such projects within Pará State territory, and the advancement of the other Amazon states regarding theme, whose normative frameworks already have policies relating to REDD and REDD+ and important additional measures, such as the regulation on payment for environmental services and state policies on climate change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As redes sociais online como arenas de embate e o papel da campanha “Veta Dilma” no processo de elaboração do novo Código Florestal Brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-13) GIBSON JUNIOR, Alexandre; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800
This work aims to understand the role of online social networks in the preparation debate of the new Brazilian Forest Code. Therefore, was made an analysis of the two public arenas that had a relevant role in the code political debate: the special commission created in the Chamber of Deputies to discuss the code and the posts published in the "Veta Dilma" campaign pages on Facebook. We then conducted a review of the historical process of forest laws in Brazil to understand better the process in the legislative arena. Besides that, we examined the notes of the public hearings held by the Special Committee to observe how was the formation of this political field. Furthermore, this works had the aims to study the social movement “Floresta faz a diferença” and the "Veta Dilma” campaign to understand how this network mobilization can interfere in the political participation process. In this way, this study analyzes 98 posts and 2,848 comments in two Facebook pages: “Floresta Faz a Diferença” e “Veta Dilma”. The method used for the classification and systematization of the research was the Content Analysis, Therefore, this research aimed to discuss the importance of the emergence of platforms and strategies on the internet that will allow a greater participation of society in public affairs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regime térmico e hídrico do solo para área de floresta tropical em anos de El Niño e La Niña, Caxiuanã-PA: estudo de caso
(2011-09) SANTOS, Sergio Rodrigo Quadros dos; SILVA, Rommel Benicio Costa da; BARRETO, Priscilla Nascimento; NUNES, Hildo Giuseppe Garcia Caldas; RODRIGUES, Ronaldo da Silva; CAMPOS, Thamiris Luisa de Oliveira Bradão
The thermal and hydrologic regime to soil if behave differently in years of occurrence of El Niño, La Niña and that non-occurrence about both (El Niño and La Niña). To study these behaviors, we used data of the hourly total and monthly of rainfall, average hourly and monthly data of soil temperature at depths of 2 cm and 10 cm and soil moisture at depths of 5cm and 20cm, for years the events searched. The results show that the year was about the influence of El Niño had higher temperature and lower values of soil moisture when compared with the year that was on the influence of La Niña. On the other hand the years that there is no occurrence of the phenomena El Niño and La Niña, showed values of soil temperature (moisture) higher (smaller) than the La Niña year, but smaller (higher) than the year of El Niño.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regularizar a terra: um desafio para as populações tradicionais de Gurupá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) TRECCANI, Girolamo Domenico; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The traditional populations of the Amazon, from the early eighties of the XXth century, rediscovered the possibility of affirmation of their identity and rights and they have started to fight towards these endeavors. A basic moment of this process was to recognize their socioeconomic and cultural heterogeneity as indigenous remnant people of the communities like Maroons, people living from the land, peasant farmers and small communities living along the Amazon’s rivers. In the search of the recognition of their rights over the lands that they occupy and to the natural resources that exist in the land itself, they realized that the legislation did not present norms that reflect satisfactorily their experiences of life. Innovative legal instruments are appearing on this regard and they follow the units of conservation of direct use and other modalities of agrarian regulations of agroecological nature. In this perspective, the experience of the people living of the land of the city of Gurupa, state of Para, was researched and it is argued on the basis of qualitative and quantitative evidences produced under an inter-disciplinary orientation, as far as methodology of investigation is concerned. It has also been considered the history and the latest environmental and socio-economic trends referring to the place/region under consideration. This approach implied the use of a set of images of iconographic importance and in the discussion of concepts of traditional populations, sustainable development and public politics. Throughout the thesis, the academic literature, the specialized documentation and the data produced in locus disclose the legal-agrarian problematic among the people living of the land of Gurupa as the central element and, at the same time, it brings together the transformations that are about to affect them. Along these lines, there is a process of occupation of lands permeated by conflicts of interest, abuses and even violence; the present laws which come from the past are full of contradictions. In addition, there is also the existence of documents from registry offices dominated by legal inconsistencies. Facing this situation, these workers and specialists sensible to their cause appear as successful in many issues when demanding from the public authority possibilities that could guarantee legal security to them in view of their remaining lands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Teatrinhos elétricos: experiência com imagem no Marajó de florestas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SENA FILHO, José
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variabilidade quantitativa de população microbiana associada às condições microclimáticas observadas em solo de floresta tropical úmida
(2011-12) RODRIGUES, Hernani José Brazão; SÁ, Leonardo Deane de Abreu; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; COSTA, Antonio Carlos Lôla da; SILVA, Rommel Benicio Costa da; MOURA, Quêzia Leandro de; MELO, Ivan Fiuza de
This study is a proposal for a scientific contribution to the understanding of the interrelationships between density population of soil microorganisms associated with seasonal microclimatic variability in tropical rainforest, also considering a case study of extreme event. Some organisms, especially soil microorganisms are very sensitive to small variations in microclimate (sun light, temperature, soil moisture, wind, sensible heat, latent heat, etc). Surely these conditioning factors are important for understanding the spatial distribution of these living things in natural ecosystems, inhabited by a variety of microorganisms (mushroom and bacteria) that were studied for their distribution and density, using the technique of "Pour Plate" count of "Petri plates" following the methodology utilized for De-Polli and Guerra, described by Clark. This study was conducted in two experimental areas PPBio (natural rainforest area) and ESECAFLOR (one acre covered area to simulate drought) in Caxiuanã-PA, with continuous measurements of microclimatic variables such as temperature, humidity and rainfall, and the evaluation of spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the species abundance and richness, to establish a monitoring procedure of soil fungi and bacteria associated with climate variability in the national forest Caxiuanã. The experimental areas are predominantly Yellow Latossol soils. Microbiological analysis showed that fungi developed better during the dry season and bacteria during rainy season, and their populations decrease with depth, except in a changed environment. Correlation values between seasonal variation of fungi and bacteria population and varying temperature and soil humidity were satisfactorily for any season in both sites.