Navegando por Assunto "Fogo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade no uso e manejo de fogo por agricultores na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-08) SANTOS, Ian Paulo Monteiro; SILVA, Fernando Elias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7374917289764220; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-1733; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904
The indiscriminate use of fire has become a global problem due to the increase of the incidence and severity of fires, mainly related to climate change. The Brazilian Amazon was a fire-free biome, but it has experienced more frequent and intense fires. The use and management of fire is historical and quite variable, especially in the practice of agriculture. Therefore, it is proposed in this dissertation to evaluate the use and management of fire by different farmers (smallholders and large farmers) in two different regions in the Eastern Amazon. Data collection was carried out in 2010 by the Sustainable Amazon Network (RAS) and in 500 rural properties in the region, distributed in 18 watersheds in each region. To compare the diversity of fire use and management practices among producers and regions, the PERMANOVA analysis was used. In both regions, the use of fire predominated, and family farmers were those who had greater use. However, the use of fire was also carried out by larger farmers. The two main purposes were to prepare the land before implementing agriculture and to manage degraded pastures. Secondary forests or Capoeiras (<20 years) were the most commonly used vegetation type, although primary forests and older capoeiras were also used. Most farmers built firebreaks and burnt against the wind, but also used fire in the hottest period of the day (between 12h-15h) and before the first rains in the region. At the time of the burning, farmers in both regions received human assistance, which occurs predominantly by people from the property itself. This dominant use of fire in the Amazon reflects the pattern observed in different tropical regions, mainly related to shifting agriculture. There was also an incompatibility between the management carried out by the farmers and that recommended by specialists or by the law. The need to adapt Brazilian law regarding local burning practices is emerging, as it can make this practice unfeasible. This study is expected to contribute to the development of norms for the use and management of fire that are better adapted to the specific realities of each region and each producer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de elementos meteorológicos na percepção de risco e nas condições de insegurança da população local: incêndios residenciais em área de aglomerado subnormal no bairro do Jurunas, cidade de Belém – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) VILACORTA, Arthur Arteaga Durans; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; SILVA JÚNIOR, João de Athaydes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2150400764733967
Brazil has witnessed a population growth that, together with the disorderly urban density, culminated in the increase of subnormal clusters in the last decades. Such locations present considerable vulnerability to dangerous events, especially fires. The present study analyzed statistical data on fires in residential buildings and green areas served by the Pará Military Fire Brigade in the city of Belém, between 2008 and 2016, relating them to meteorological elements, establishing a causal link between such aspects. In addition, questionnaires were applied to a sample of residents living in the precarious settlement area entitled Baixadas da Estrada Nova Jurunas in order to analyze the influence of climatological factors on the behavior of the population and to assess their level of perception of fire risk. As a final research product, two fire risk maps were proposed in residence for the subnormal cluster, one for the rainy season and one for the less rainy season. These maps were conceived through the establishment of a risk classification methodology (Arteaga-Athaydes index), based on georeferenced data of the location of the structural fires already occurring in the area, number of households, number of inhabitants, reliability conditions of the network facilities of electricity distribution of the dwellings and influence of the climate. It was concluded that the majority of fires in green areas and housing units in the city of Belém occurred in the least rainy season (June to November), due to the proven influence of meteorological conditions on the behavior of the sample studied, making them adopt inadequate arrangements that go against fire safety. As for the level of risk perception of the population sample that lives in the subnormal cluster studied, this condition is worrisome, since half of those interviewed do not believe that a loss could occur in their house and the vast majority never received any training or orientation to avoid accidents and does not even know the emergency number to fire the Military Fire Department in case of fire.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo da terra e fogo acidental na Amazônia brasileira: uma análise sob a perspectiva da Unidade Produtiva Camponesa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-12) CHERMONT, Larissa Steiner; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
Fire is a constant in rural areas throughout the Brazilian Amazon, both as intentional burning and accidental fires, which entails a constant threat to human survival and the integrity of forests. The human activity of opening up the agricultural frontier in this region, characterized by the predominance of extensive systems of land management, consists in the main source of ignition of accidental fires. The phenomenon called fire contagion occurs when fire escapes out of human control and reaches neighboring areas of forests and rural productive units. The main objective of this work is to present a theoretical-methodological framework that adequately addresses the behavior of peasants of the Brazilian Amazon, more specifically with regard to their decision-making process of land management for production, as regards to fire use as an agricultural technique, as well as their reactions to the fire contagion in their units. The model of reproductive efficiency of Costa and the field theory of Bourdieu are taken as theoretical-methodological references. The subfield of peasant production in the Brazilian Amazon hosts the field work for primary data collection of peasants settled along the federal highway Cuiabá - Santarém, known as the BR-163 Corridor, covering areas of the territories of the Brazilian States of Pará and Mato Grosso. Statistical techniques, such as regression with dummy variables, tests based on Chi-square statistics and logistic modeling supported the individual and joint analyzes of the determinants, empirically identified as explanatory variables of peasant behavioral decision making for fire use and their reactions to fire contagion. The results on both subjects (use of fire and accidental fire) confirm the guiding hypothesis of the present work, which claims that that peasant behavior, as a decision maker of the productive unit is constantly influenced by the sociocultural and institutional environment, without however ignore their specificities as peasant units.