Navegando por Assunto "Fontes alternativas de energia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco de geração de eletricidade com sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede usando o método de Monte Carlo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-15) PEREIRA, Edinaldo José da Silva; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents a risk analysis of the economic feasibility for energy generation systems, based on the Monte Carlo Method. Initially is presented a vision of the state of the art concerned to the participation of the main sources of renewable energy in the world, in particular in Brazil, in order to highlight the importance of them in the world. The efficient and rational use of energy is evidenced when the design of any energy efficient building, being the GEDAE/UFPA’s building presented as an example of construction that seeks to apply the characteristics of energy efficiency, bioclimatic architecture and environmental comfort. Based in the GEDAE/UFPA’s building, one of its SFCRs is presented and its economic analysis is performed using initially a deterministic approach and later a probabilistic analysis, via Monte Carlo Method. The cost of electric energy produced and the net present value, in a first moment, are used as dependent variables in the last analysis, due their easy interpretation. Modified internal rate of return and the discounted payback are dependent variables used later to better qualify the investor's decision against the risks assumed, since the use of only the first two may lead, as occurred in the case study analyzed, to results with comparable risks between the various alternatives proposed. In Brazil, in front of lack of an effective national policy for development of SFCRs, a national proposal to leverage the use of these systems is presented, quantifying the risk assumed by the investor and by the Federal Government adopting such proposal. The results show that SFCRs in Brazil nearly achieved the parity tariff for three-phase residential consumers. In addition, each year maintenance of the proposed adoption of incentive presented, here called green bonus, over 800 MWp could be added to the brazilian energy matrix. And if in this proposal, were applied a reduction of import taxes or an incentive for the establishment of a national industry that could reach a decrease in acquisition costs of the PV generator/inverter set up to 20%, an annual insertion of almost 1 GWp in the national energy matrix could be achieved, with a payback time for producer lower than six years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para implantação de centrais maremotrizes: aplicação na costa atlântica do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-06) OLIVEIRA, Luciana Leal Pimentel; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
It presents a methodology for deploying tidal plants, which were modeled phenomena and parameters needed for basic studies project. The chosen study area was the Atlantic Coast Pará. Thus, a simplified model is proposed to represent the reservoir. This model was validated with the results obtained from the bathymetry held in the estuary of Bacanga in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. In addition to the reservoir modeling, tidal heights were shaped by the Hermitian interpolation process. The diameter of the turbine was determined by correlations available in literature. The flow resulting from the height of variation between the sea and the reservoir caused by tidal variations, was determined by Hazen-Williams formula. The modeling of the reservoir and the tide high, more methods of determining the diameter of the turbine and the flow, allowed the determination of the installed capacity and energy generated at each site studied, which were classified as small, medium and large size. Subsequently, the cost analysis was performed for each location, including investment cost, operation, maintenance and unit energy cost. The investment cost of tidal power in comparison with other energy sources, is high. However, the unit cost of energy is much lower than the unit cost of energy of its main competitor in the region, the diesel generators. The modeling of the three cases mentioned above and your energy costs and generated results show that tidal power has the potential to be exploited in the Atlantic Coast of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geração de energia elétrica a partir dos resíduos do processo de beneficiamento do óleo de palma: uma abordagem sustentável para a recuperação de áreas degradadas no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-16) KÜHL, Ricardo Marino; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The deforestation, mainly verified in the Amazon region, has declined, but deforested areas, due to anthropic actions such as agriculture, or pastures opening, are still a hindrance, since the resilience process requires time to act. In this bias, the Agroecological Zoning, Production and Management of Oil Palm Culture in Amazon (ZAE-Dendê), evaluated the degraded areas in the Legal Amazon, aiming the palm plantation to recover them, based on the best practices. The present work goes beyond, evaluating the implantation of palm oil as a way of recovering degraded areas in Pará; the power generation from palm oil processing residues; as well as analyzing carbon dioxide reducing potential. The methodology used, covered the selection of degraded areas in Pará as the study area. Based on theoretical references some data were consolidate: the production of fresh fruits bunches (FFB) per hectare, the amount of waste per tonne of FFB, power generated from the residues and CO2 value fixation and emission. The results related to the CO2 emissions and fixation showed that the palm oil culture has the potential to reduce a range from 180 to 500 million tons of CO2eq., in addition to avoiding emission of 550 to 2,204 million tons of CO2eq., in a production cycle (25 years). The power generation potential verified from the anaerobic digestion of the liquid effluent range from 212 to 531 TWh during a palm oil production cycle. These data attests palm oil residues to become an alternative energy resource, as well as an alternative to degraded areas recovery. Therefore, this work is a subsidy for an Integrated Resource Planning elaboration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo de gerenciamento de usos múltiplos da água: um estudo de caso para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Tapajós
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02) FIGUEIREDO, Nelio Moura de; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
This work deals with a model for management of multiple uses of water, for the mitigation of conflicts of use related to the operation of reservoir systems in hydroelectric power plant of water catchment area. The model SOUMA – "system optimization of multiple uses of water", which consists of a stochastic optimization model based on nonlinear programming, was developed and structured in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) with the use of solver MINOS. The SOUMA is composed of two modules. The first is a module for forecasting of water levels, which consists of a stochastic model of type ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average). The second is a module for forecasting of streamflow, which is a stochastic model of rainfall-streamflow the RNA type. The ARIMA model calibration and validation presented average R² above 0.93 and RMSE below 0.08, capturing in a satisfactory manner the behavior of water levels. The rain-flow model that was used in the composition of influent flow to the reservoir, with the use of RNA architecture, presented average R² 0.954 and of 0.098 RMSE. The SOUMA model was applied to Tapajós River basin for the future hydroelectric power plant of São Luiz do Tapajós, Itaituba, PA. Six scenarios were created to be used as parameters in optimizing and mitigation of conflicts. The reservoir tributaries streamflow were obtained and simulated for dry, medium and moist hydrological scenarios and for El Niño, La Niña and Neutral climatic scenarios. For the power generation and navigation depth uses, considering the tributaries streamflow of the dry, medium and moist hydrological scenarios, the SOUMA showed, in relation to the reference levels of the low, medium and high navigation scenarios, the occurrence of depths below the minimum, for generations averages below 2,411 MW, 2,939 MW and 3,586 MW, respectively. For power generation and cargo capacity, considering the tributaries streamflow of the dry, medium and moist hydrological scenarios, the SOUMA showed, in relation to the low, medium and high reference levels of the navigation scenarios, that generations averages above 2,869 MW, 3,508 MW and 4,740 MW, respectively, do not generate earnings of cargo capacity and that medium generations below 1,344 MW, 2,056 MW and 1,622 MW, respectively, make the river transport of cargo infeasible. For power generation and flood dimension, considering the tributaries streamflow of the dry, medium and moist hydrological scenarios, the SOUMA showed, in relation the reference levels low, medium and high of the flood control, the occurrence of floods downstream to generations above average 4,978 MW, 6,057 MW and 7,390 MW, respectively. Consumptive withdrawals are meaningful only in the period from June to October. Considering the monthly average consumptive demands (145 m ³/s), to tributaries streamflow of the dry, medium and moist hydrological scenarios, the SOUMA showed a monthly loss in power generation of 50 MW, 47 MW and 44 MW, respectively. The measured results show that the models developed are important tools to operational optimization of reservoir systems with multiple uses, allowing the optimization of generations and defluente flow in the hydroelectric power plant of water catchment area, in periods of flood and drought and large energy demands, with maintenance of navigation conditions downstream from dams, through sustainable operational simulations that minimize usage conflicts.