Navegando por Assunto "Food sovereignty"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511
In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação, transformação e expansão dos quintais agroflorestais de agricultores familiares da Cooperativa D’Irituia, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-27) SILVA, Sinara Dias; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227
The various problems caused by the cutting and burning process demonstrate how important the soil is for the family farmer, so the use of management practices that enable nutrient cycling through the maintenance of organic matter and soil micro-life are essential. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the process of formation, transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards in family farmers production systems of Cooperative D'Irituia, Pará. To meet this proposal, it was decided to use a methodology based on the theoretical bases of the systemic approach. For this, 23 families of family farmers from the D'Irituia cooperative who have agroforestry yards and five key informants from the main institutions linked to rural dynamics were selected. of the municipality. The methodological tools adopted consisted of historical interviews, secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires, typology and chronicles of the establishments. The results showed the external factors that influenced the formation of agroforestry yards were the credit public policies such as FNO and Proambiente; the Secretary of Agriculture of Irituia and the cooperative D'Irituia itself. The agroforestry yards found in Irituia have a great diversity of species, including fruit and annuals. It is noteworthy that in 74% of the areas where agroforestry yards are currently installed were capoeira areas and 13% in fields. Through the typology it was possible to form two large groups, besides one of the main factors responsible for the transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards is the need to increase production. With the chronicles of the establishments we can observe that the events identified over time was not always the motivating factor of the changes identified within the agricultural establishments, however, it affected the two groups represented here, but differently. Therefore, it can be concluded that the agroforestry systems found today in the municipality of Irituia are of great importance in guaranteeing food sovereignty as well as in the socioeconomic development of these families, besides having an important role in environmental preservation.