Navegando por Assunto "Fracasso escolar"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: memórias e trajetórias de vivências na escola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-03) MONTEIRO, Regina Fernandes; ALVES, Laura Maria Silva Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6009592378453661
This study aims to uncover the memory of school adolescents in conflict with the law and measures that meet the Foundation for Children and Adolescents of Pará in Internment Unit Socio-Val-de-Dogs. The intention is to trace through the discursive statements of these subjects, their inroads into the educational environment and thereby identify what made them leave school early and / or submit their curricula in a high rate of repetition. The questions guiding this study are: What factors contributed to these teens leave the educational environment so early? To what extent the school and social exclusion were factors relevant to the involvement of adolescents with violence and crime? How committed to the training of school adolescents in conflict with the law, taking into account the school's role in the formation of the subject? Using the guiding questions that the study is to identify network Meanings are involved in these questions. The sample included the participation of 18 adolescents aged 12-17 years old in high school first grade of primary education up to 8th grade of elementary school, born in Para State, fulfilling socio-educational measures for the infraction that will damage to public property (Art. 163) the robbery followed by death (Art.121 / c Art. 14). Was used as instruments to collect data to semi-structured interviews and documents donated by the Foundation, as the records with personal data and monitoring of each teen. The corpus of research has been analyzed by the following issues-issues: School, Family, Violence and Crime, Interpersonal Relations and Future Prospects. The theoretical basis for data analysis follows the design of Bakhtin on the network of meanings and authors that discuss aspects related to the themes. Used for such authors as ROSSETTI and Ferreira (2004); ARROYO (1997); BOSSA (2002); CORDIO (1996) and Vygotsky (2000); PINTO (2002), among others. In this perspective, the goal was to find correspondence with the principles and criteria that could contribute to the foundation of this analysis, promoting interaction between different forms of knowledge production, especially from the data presented to the process of schooling of these subjects, once that contributed to failures, school failures, gaps, and often for truancy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência de controle condicional sobre a construção de sentenças em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-28) TENÓRIO, Analu da Costa; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
This study searched for teaching conditions for produce and keep repertoire of sentences construction on the active and passive voice, under colors conditional control, in six children that have learning problems at school. The construction of four pairs of sentences (active and passive) under conditional control was taught as a baseline. Then there were repeated tests for emergence of conditional control on the construction of new sentences in active and passive voice, composed by recombinations of the baseline sentences. Finally, a maintenance performance test was applied 45 days after the end of the study. For each pair of sentence, three children were subjected to the training of sequence in the active order followed by the sequence in the passive order, and so on, and the other three children were subjected to the reverse training. All the children learned to construct the baseline sentences under conditional control, requiring more exposition on passive sentences training to reach the learning criteria. In the repeated tests for emergence of conditional control on the construction of new sentences, the number of correct constructions in the active (92,4%) was greater than in the passive (31%), regardless of the teaching order of sentences. In the maintenance test, the performance increased, with 78,9% correct in passive and 80,3% in active. In this study a better performance in the maintenance test was observed in relation to previous studies, suggesting that the training of greater number of baseline sentences is a favoring condition for maintenance of the repertoire.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de leitura a partir de unidades mínimas a jovens e adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) SANTOS, Ana Cláudia Cunha dos; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The Experimental Analysis of Behavior has contributed expressively to the production of knowledge applied to human problem solving. The behavior analysts have been producing a variety of studies that investigate the basic processes involved in the acquisition of reading and writing performances, and teaching procedures that may develop these repertoires. Some studies have obtained positive results using procedures that establish the control by minimal units of reading, syllables, starting teaching macro units, words. However, it may be possible to teach reading using other alternative procedures. This study investigates the efficacy of a teaching program that starts teaching reading from minimal units and then macro units, using behavioral technology. Four of six participants finished the program. All participants learned to read the taught words. One participant showed generalized reading when first tested, the other three participants needed repeated tests. Two participants developed construction of dictated taught and recombined words. Results indicate control by minimal units. Further research concerning stimulus control of writing dictated words, one important relation to be learned to achieve functional literacy, is necessary.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de leitura de frases com compreensão a alunos de 1ª série de escolas públicas de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-07-03) HABER, Gabriella Mendes; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681
School failure is a nationwide alarming fact, increasing the necessity for improved teaching techniques. The equivalence paradigm has been useful in understanding the behavior processes related to the acquisition of linguistic repertories and cognitive abilities. Research into the learning of reading by means of this paradigm hasaided in the identification of variables controlling both correct and incorrect responses, as well as the analysis of procedures that are efficient in eliciting responses under the control of printed stimuli. In this study, the teaching of sentences composed of demonstrative pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and intransitive verbs was investigated. There were five students with reading difficulties. All were tested on selected sentences at the beginning of the study. Stimuli in the auditory modality (syllables, words, and spoken sentences) were designated as letter A; visual stimuli for figures as B (written syllables, words, sentences, and figures representing words and sentences); the letter C refers to printed stimuli in the visual-auditory modality. Training in conditional discrimination was provided for spoken words/sentences and figures (relations AB), for spoken syllables/words/sentences and for printed stimuli (relations AC, Acp and Acf). There were differential consequences (social reinforcement) for correct responses, and corrective and other special procedures for incorrect responses. We sought to investigate whether, after teaching these prerequisite relations, equivalent relations would emerge (printed words, figures, and vice versa), and whether the participants would show generalized performance. No differential consequences were programmed prior to testing. At the end of each session, participants received prizes. The experiment was conducted in four phases. In Phase I, the stimuli were printed words with substantive function. In Phase II, sentences formed by words with substantive and adjective functions. In Phase III, the demonstrative pronoun was added to the sentences. In Phase IV, the verbs intransitives were added to the sentences. All participants, except one, learned the baseline units. On tests of equivalence and generalized learning, contrary to results from previous studies, the level of variability increased. All participants evinced reading comprehension in at least one of the phases involving sentences. During the stage of generalized reading in Phase II, only one participant emitted correct responses at the 100% level. The remaining students showed partial generalized reading or no recombinative reading, making it necessary to use a special procedure in order to raise the level of performance. Overall, the equivalence paradigm was considered to be eficacious in teaching reading comprehension. Procedural changes were suggested in order to make experimental control more rigorous. Results indicated that the stimulus equivalence paradigm is especially effective for teaching comprehension involving such grammatical classes as articles, adverbs, direct transitive verbs, and objects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de leitura de frases com compreensão a alunos de 2ª série de escolas públicas de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-10-22) BASTOS, Elizabeth Cristina de Menezes; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681
Researchers using the stimulus equivalence paradigm have succeeded in teaching reading comprehension in human subjects of all ages with or without a history of school failure. The present study was conducted for the same purpose with five second graders, four females and one male in the 8 to 11 age range, all presenting reading problems. The following stimulus sets were employed: (1) spoken and printed syllables; (2) spoken and printed words; (3) pictures representing the words; (4) spoken and printed sentences, and (5) pictures representing these sentences. Different experimental phases were programmed involving pre-tests, training conditional relations, tests of emergent relations for equivalence and generalization, and post-tests. Syllables, words, sentences and novel words and sentences constituted the experimental stimuli. A conditional discrimination format was used, where the sample stimulus (word, printed sentence or picture ) was positioned on the left side of a rectangular card, and the comparison stimuli (three words, printed sentences or pictures) where located on the right side, separated by a vertical line. The card was used in all activities by the experimenter, who was, in turn, accompanied by an independent observer. Instructions were given verbally, and there were differential consequences for corect and incorrect responses. The control in all phaes of the activity was manual. The learning criterion was set at a 100% correct response rate. Each session lasted about 40 minutes.Equivalence tests were administered only once. On the generalization tests, wrong answers were followed by a repetition of the learning trials. Conditional relations involving spoken words, printed words and pictures (mixed AB and AC) were learned successfully. A majority of the children formed the BC equivalence relationship between the pictures and printed words, and all mastered the inverse CB equivalence relation. In addition the participants successfully named the pictures corresponding to the words (BD), read the words (CD), and were able to read new words (CD). Subsequently they succeeded in making conditional relations between spoken words and printed pictures (AC), and on trained relations between spoken and printed sentences (mixed AC). Whereas only two children formed the BC equivalence between pictures and printed sentences, the majority formed the inverse CB equivalence. Also a majority named the drawn sentences (BD), all read these sentences (CD) as well as new sentences containing recombined words (CD), and all read other novel sentences containing recombined syllables (CD). Thirty days afterwards, all of the children maintained the same level of word reading performance, and most read the same or recombined sentences. Results from this study made it possible to identify the principal prerequisites necessary to teach reading and assess comprehension involving verbal units and simple sentences based on the equivalence paradigm. It was suggested that in future investigations the verbal units might be further extended to encompass more complex sentence structures, which, aside from nouns and adjectives, would include pronouns, verbs and adverbs, among others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores de risco e proteção na escola: reprovação e expectativas de futuro de jovens paraenses
(2014-08) NUNES, Tatiene Germano Reis; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; SILVA, Lúcia Isabel da Conceição; DELL’AGLIO, Débora Dalbosco
In this study we investigate the relations existing amid school failure, perceptions concerning the school and expectations of future among young people, from data of a sample of 610 young people with ages between 14 and 24 years (m=16,56; dp=2,37), of both sexes, students from public schools of Belém city in Pará state. A questionnaire with 77 multiple choice questions was used. The results revealed that almost half of students already presented school failure, although they present good perception concerning the school. Correlations between school disapproval and low expectations of academic future and between good perceptions concerning the school and best academic expectations were observed. The expectation of having access to the university appeared more associated to female sex. The results may contribute to the understanding of the importance of the school in promoting protective factors in the learners development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O fracasso escolar e a realidade educacional da Vila da Barca: retratos de exclusão e resistência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-02) FARIAS JÚNIOR, Raimundo Sérgio de; OLIVEIRA, Ney Cristina Monteiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4355112931326342