Navegando por Assunto "Gastrenterite aguda (GA)"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização das infecções por norovírus nas hospitalizações pediátricas por gastrenterite na cidade de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-20) SIQUEIRA, Jones Anderson Monteiro; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579859438466504
The Norovirus (NoVs), Caliciviridae family, is related with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all ages groups. Its importance as cause of outbreaks have been confirmed, which occur mainly indoors. Its transmission is mainly by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water and food, and person to person contact. The disease usually is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of NoVs as pathogen associated with hospital admissions of children with AGE in Belém, Pará. The collection of fecal specimens occurred from May 2008 to April 2011, being only tested the samples with negative results for rotavirus. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used for NoVs detection. The samples with positive results by EIA and negative by RT-PCR, were submitted to the semi-nested RT-PCR, and the ones with remain negative, were tested by the real-time PCR. A total of 483 samples were analyzed with a positivity of 35.4% (171/483). Adopting the RT-PCR as the reference method, the EIA had a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 93.4% with excellent reproducibility between them (kappa = 0.8, p <0.0001). The 22 samples positive only by EIA were tested first by semi-nested RT-PCR and after by real-time PCR, with a positivity of 63.6% (14/22) and 75% (6/8), respectively. The partial nucleotide sequencing of ORF1 region demonstrated the presence of GII.4d (80.8%-42/52), GII.7 (7.7%-4/52) and GII.b (11.5%-6/52) genotypes. Sequencing was performed in 64.3% (9/14) of the samples positive only by semi-nested RT-PCR, also corresponding to ORF1, which 55.6% (5/9) were classified as GII.4d and 44.4% (4/9) as GII.b. Of the six samples classified as GII.b, five were characterized as GII.3 when sequenced with primers specifics for the capsid region, suggesting the possibility of recombinants samples. A higher infection rate was observed in children under 2 years of age (90.1%-154/171) and the main symptoms were vomiting (95.8%-137/143) and dehydration (94.4%-118/25), considering the diarrhea was an inclusion criterion. Most infected children had more than 9 days of diarrhea (41.2%), 4 evacuations per day (43.9%) and more than 5 episodes of vomiting (90%) during hospitalization. Regarding seasonality, three peaks of positivity were observed in September and October 2008 (63.6%), and in February 2010 (62.1%). Any correlation with the climatic parameters of rainfall, humidity and temperature was demonstrated. This study confirmed the importance of NoVs as viral enteropathogen associated with AGE among hospitalized children in Belém, imposing the necessity of an active surveillance, in order to avoid possible morbidity caused by this virus in childhood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Rotavírus do grupo C associado à hospitalização de crianças com gastrenterite aguda em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-30) LOBO, Patrícia dos Santos; MASCARENHAS, Joana D'Arc Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5156164089432435
Acute gastroenteritis (AG) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children worldwide, being rotavirus one of the causative agents of AG, responsible for about 38.3% of the cases of hospitalization, resulting in 197,000 deaths of children under five years annually, mostly in developing countries. Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae, genera Rotavirus, have genome composed by 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and are classified into eight groups/different species (A to H).The most commonly found belongs to the group/species A (RVA), however rotavirus group/species C (RVC) has assumed importance in gastroenteritis and usually relate to self-limiting course of childhood diarrhea, with possible transmission from pigs. This study aims to detect the RVC in children less than three years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Belém city, Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil. From May 2008 to April 2011, an intensive surveillance for AG was performed in a pediatric hospital of Belém in children with AG, of which 279 samples had negative results for RVA and norovirus. Accordingly, the nucleic acid was extracted from the fecal suspension with silica by the method of reverse transcribed and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer pairs specific for the VP7 gene G8S/G8A; C1/C4 for VP6; T434/T435 for VP4; and NSP4 (+)/(-) specific for NSP4 gene. The positive control (prototype Cowden) and negative control (water RNAse free) were used in all tests. Automatic sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using statistical chi-square partition, Fisher's exact test and simple logistic regression with p values ≤ 0.05. The positive rate for RVC was 2.1% (6/279) by PAGE and RT-PCR and posteriorly, submitted to automated sequencing and classified in genotypes I2, G4, P[2] and E2 for VP6, VP7, VP4 and NSP4 genes, respectively. The frequency of RVC was higher in the age group between 24 to 36 months (5.7%) (p= 0.0493). Gender more affected by RVC was the male with a frequency of 83.3%. Signs and/or symptoms most frequent in children with RVC were fever (80%), vomiting (83.3%) and dehydration (100%). In summary, in this study it was possible the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of VP6, VP7, VP4 and NSP4 genes, providing important data regarding the presence of these agents in hospitalized children with gastroenteritis in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará.