Navegando por Assunto "Gastrenterite infantil"

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Caracterização das infecções por norovírus nas hospitalizações pediátricas por gastrenterite na cidade de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-20) SIQUEIRA, Jones Anderson Monteiro; GABBAY, Yvone Benchimol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579859438466504
The Norovirus (NoVs), Caliciviridae family, is related with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all ages groups. Its importance as cause of outbreaks have been confirmed, which occur mainly indoors. Its transmission is mainly by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water and food, and person to person contact. The disease usually is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of NoVs as pathogen associated with hospital admissions of children with AGE in Belém, Pará. The collection of fecal specimens occurred from May 2008 to April 2011, being only tested the samples with negative results for rotavirus. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used for NoVs detection. The samples with positive results by EIA and negative by RT-PCR, were submitted to the semi-nested RT-PCR, and the ones with remain negative, were tested by the real-time PCR. A total of 483 samples were analyzed with a positivity of 35.4% (171/483). Adopting the RT-PCR as the reference method, the EIA had a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 93.4% with excellent reproducibility between them (kappa = 0.8, p <0.0001). The 22 samples positive only by EIA were tested first by semi-nested RT-PCR and after by real-time PCR, with a positivity of 63.6% (14/22) and 75% (6/8), respectively. The partial nucleotide sequencing of ORF1 region demonstrated the presence of GII.4d (80.8%-42/52), GII.7 (7.7%-4/52) and GII.b (11.5%-6/52) genotypes. Sequencing was performed in 64.3% (9/14) of the samples positive only by semi-nested RT-PCR, also corresponding to ORF1, which 55.6% (5/9) were classified as GII.4d and 44.4% (4/9) as GII.b. Of the six samples classified as GII.b, five were characterized as GII.3 when sequenced with primers specifics for the capsid region, suggesting the possibility of recombinants samples. A higher infection rate was observed in children under 2 years of age (90.1%-154/171) and the main symptoms were vomiting (95.8%-137/143) and dehydration (94.4%-118/25), considering the diarrhea was an inclusion criterion. Most infected children had more than 9 days of diarrhea (41.2%), 4 evacuations per day (43.9%) and more than 5 episodes of vomiting (90%) during hospitalization. Regarding seasonality, three peaks of positivity were observed in September and October 2008 (63.6%), and in February 2010 (62.1%). Any correlation with the climatic parameters of rainfall, humidity and temperature was demonstrated. This study confirmed the importance of NoVs as viral enteropathogen associated with AGE among hospitalized children in Belém, imposing the necessity of an active surveillance, in order to avoid possible morbidity caused by this virus in childhood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia molecular das infecções por adenovírus em crianças com gastrenterite aguda grave, após a introdução da vacina contra rotavírus na cidade de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-10) MÜLLER, Elza Caroline Alves; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316632173870389; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775363180781218
Gastroenteritis are the third cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among children under 5 years old. Adenoviruses (HAdV) are icosahedral non-enveloped viruses, possess 240 proteins "hexon" specific and a double-stranded DNA. They belong to the Adenoviridae family, Mastadenovirus genus, and are assigned to 7 species (A to G) and 57 serotypes. Epidemiological studies found that HAdVs account for 2-14% of cases of acute childhood diarrhea in hospitals and outpatient units. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to assess the epidemiological features of of HAdV infection, as well as the occurrence of types in 842 children under three years of age, hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil. All of these children had been vaccinated against rotavirus.These children were selected from a previous rotavirus vaccine case-control study conducted at Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, from May 2009 to April 2011. ELISA and immunochromatography were used for HAdV screening in stool samples and PCR and oligonucleotide sequencing for typing and molecular characterisation. HAdVs were found in 7.2% (61/842) of the tested samples, with the enteric adenoviruses (EAD) accounting for 50.8% (31/61) of the HAdV positive cases. The distribution of HAdV according to the gender showed that 7.7% (28/362) of whom were female and 6.8% (33/480) were male. The highest prevalence rates of HAdV infection were seen among patients older than 24 months of age, corresponding to 8.9% (16/178) of all positive cases. In regards to the temporal distribution, the highest prevalence rate was observed in June, representing 11.4% (8/70) of cases overall. The oligonucleotide sequencing showed that HAdV species F was predominant in our region, accounting for 64.5% (29/45) of the sequenced samples. These samples included HAdV types 41 and 40, detected at rates of 69% (20/29) cases and 31% (9/29), respectively. The results of this study indicate that HAdV accounts for a significant proportion of gastroenteritis among hospitalized children aged less than 3 years, during a post-rotavirus vaccine introduction period in Belém, Pará state, Brazil.