Navegando por Assunto "Geographic information systems"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental da sub-bacia do Jaurucu – Brasil Novo Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-29) FREITAS, Jaylim Reis de; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
The overall objective of this study is to analyze the environmental vulnerability of the Jaurucu sub-basin and to understand how land cover and land use changes between 1990 and 2020 affect the loss of its landscape potential and its geoecological and socioeconomic features, including the pattern of encroachment of environmental systems. . , possibilities and limits of use and the impact on spatial changes. To achieve the desired goals, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the earth system approach, the theory of ecological dynamics, the concepts of landscape, land system and stability of the environmental system were chosen; The concepts of risk and vulnerability were introduced to avoid confusion when understanding these concepts. The research used techniques and methodological procedures as theoretical and methodological support for mapping environmental systems, assumptions by Bertrand (2004), Sotchava (1977), Tricart (1977), Monteiro (2000), Souza (2000) and others. The cartographic products were created with the support of geographic information systems (GIS). The environmental vulnerability analysis was adapted by applying the methodology of Crepani et al. proposed method. Persons. (2001), Grigio (2003), Tagliani (2003), Costa et al. (2006), Oliveira and Mattos (2014), based on Tricart (1977). Field work has been performed to verify the generation of land cover and land cover maps using MapaBiomas, vulnerability determinations are calculated using the grid calculation tool from algebraic equations crossing data in the GIS environment. Therefore, creating a sustainable development plan requires planning and analysis of the environment. Understanding vulnerable environments and the systems used within them helps with territory planning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da RUSLE a uma pequena bacia hidrográfica da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-26) SANTOS, Diego Benvindo Oliveira; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The Amazon is experiencing severe changes due to anthropogenic activities, among which the transformation of forested land into areas for agricultural use stand out, intensifying erosion processes. Erosion, especially the drag of particles by runoff, causes a reduction of soil fertility impairing agricultural productivity and impacting the quality and quantity of surface water resources, a fact compounded by strong rainfall and naturally poor soils in the region. In this context, knowledge of erosion processes, such as through the use of mathematical models for predicting soil loss helps in determining management practices for sustainable use of natural resources. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the empirical model RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) in the region, which considers the interaction between the rain energy, soil and topography characteristics, as well as the uses and management practiced. This research applied the RUSLE in the upper basin of the Igarapé da Prata stream, with an approximate area of 37 km², located in the municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil, approximately 160 km from the capital Belém, in Pará Northeast region. This research also consisted in the construction of a geo-referenced database made from public sources; such data passed through adaptations for insertion into the environment of the ArcGIS to quantify the parameters of RUSLE, which when combined allowed the generation of a map of soil loss for the study area. The small upper basin of Igarapé da Prata presented soil loss values ranging between 0.004 and 72.48 t/ha year, with an average value of 5.12 and a standard deviation of 6.97, where approximately 12% of its total area presents environmental risks due to erosive processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um modelo de dispersão de poluentes na Baía do Guajará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-12-19) BATISTA, Adriano Gomes; SENA, Manoel José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2349287816857909; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The sea and coastal environment of Brazil have suffered a process of considerable environmental degradation in the last years. This degradation was caused by the growing environmental pressure on the sea and the continental natural resources that have overwhelmed the limited capacity of the ecosystems to absorb the impacts. In the specific case of the Bay of Guajará, located in the Estuaries Guajará, in the area delimited by the Bay of Marajó and for the rivers Pará and Guamá, these risks are associated mainly to the pollution originating from of the city of Belém and the petroleum derived pollution caused by transport operations. In the case of the Bay of Guajará, it is known that there are sewer spillings periodically caused by the tide. Because this pollution is caused by the tide, there is little that can be done to correct or soften the effects of this problem. The numeric models consider the complexity of the physical phenomena that govern the operation of the coastal environment, and have been used as tools in hydrodynamic simulation with recognized importance in coastal administration. This application can support several studies: the understanding of the dispersing processes of pollutants; the implantation of systems of monitoring of water quality; the plan of action in cases of a oil spillage; and the effects of alterations in the geometry of channels and bays and estuaries. The objective of this work is to explain these subjects and to describe the necessary stages for the construction of a numeric model of dispersion in the Bay of Guajará using the tools of the Systems of Geographical Information and the Method of Finite Elements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta de enchente aplicado aos planos de defesa civil em áreas de risco no estado do Pará utilizando Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), caso: cidade de Marabá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-02) COSTA, Jamer Andrade da; COSTA, Tony Carlos Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5776447682706171
This dissertation develops a Flood Warning System for the city of Marabá, located at the confluence of Tocantins and Itacaiúnas Rivers, 400 quilometers south from Belém, capital of the State of Pará (Brazil). The Flood Warning System is based on the hydrological model MOD-4B incorporated into a Geographic Information System. This system forecasts changes in the level of the Tocantins River throughout the year. It monitors the initiation of the flood 4 days in advance, resulting in more efficient Civil Defense actions. As reference, the forecasting model used the limnimeter poles located on the Tocantins and Araguaia Rivers, in the towns of Carolina and Conceição do Araguaia, respectively about 225 and 270 quilometers south from the city of Marabá. The system uses the GIS software ArcView 3.3, which was implemented through an interface developed through an object-oriented programming language called Avenue to run the application of the hydrological model. The use of windows and menus adapted to the model grants access to spatial data and relational database tables and / or record database. It also provides modules for spatial analysis and visualization of geographic data in a Geographic Information System (GIS), which forecasts flooding in the form of maps, charts and reports, showing the flooded areas for periods of 4, 3, 2 and 1 day before the occurrence of flooding. The system also identifies the affected streets and buildings, quantifying the affected population and the damages caused. With this, the Civil Defense can execute efficient action plans before, during and after the flooding.