Navegando por Assunto "Geossistema"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba, Nordeste paraense, a partir do modelo teórico GTP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) TELES, Geise Corrêa; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
This study aimed to understand the dynamics of use and management of natural resources in the hydrographic basin of Mocajuba, located in the micro region of Paraense Salgado, from the landscape seizure proposed by GTP theoretical-methodological model. Something important in understanding this relationship it is understand the landscape that is being analyzed, and the processes that engender construction. The basic construction of the analysis presented and the theoretical model GTP proposed by Bertrand and Bertrand (2009), this theoretical model is a relationship between the concepts of geosystem, territory and landscape, and from that relationship you can see how to build the different landscapes. In the words of Bertrand and Bertrand (2009 p. 197) " the landscape is born when one look cross one territory." Which is to say that it is the result of understanding of the relation of territorial buildings, circumscribed in geosystem, ie the landscape is built from the perception that residents of the study area have on your living space, but that space has a base material (geosystem) and is structured on the basis of socioeconomic processes (territory) in the construction of these landscapes. To achieve the proposed objectives were developed methodological procedures outlined as bibliographic literature review on the topic and the area studied, the survey of rural ecology characteristics of the watershed, socioeconomic analysis, made from the survey data on productive activities, the mapping land use, and semi-structured interviews, accompanied by photographic records to represent the landscapes highlighted by respondents. In the survey of information on geosystem components, there is the mapping of land cover and land use, which infer important information about the conditions of the natural elements. In the survey of information about the components of the territory it highlights the conflicts identified by the use and appropriation of these resources, which are connected the main economic activities that underpin the local economy, fishing, agriculture, and crab collecting. The landscapes identified by respondents indicated the feeling of belonging, their visions of change and improvement needs in the environment where they live.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem ambiental na floresta nacional do Jamanxim-PA: proposta de cenário futuro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-21) GAMA, Luana Helena Oliveira Monteiro; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
Protected areas were created essentially for the conservation of fauna and flora. Analyzing its socio-environmental dynamics becomes a challenge, and at the same time contributes to the understanding of the landscape. The present study aims to model future scenarios from remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques in the National Forest (FLONA) of Jamanxim-PA, based on the land use classification of the years 2013 and 2020. Analyze the independent variables through of Artificial Intelligence. Apply the DINAMICA EGO model using the transition method to simulate deforestation trajectories up to 2030, based on the dependent variables (land cover and use 2013 and 2020) and independent variables (altimetry, slope, distance to roads, distance to settlements and distance to hydrography. The high rates of deforestation within the limits of conservation units, lead to large environmental losses over time. According to INPE, the state of Pará presented the highest forest loss of the Brazilian Amazon states in 2019, a total of 3,862 km2 , with an increase rate of 41% when compared to 2018. Through the mathematical model it is possible to analyze “Where” will be deforested; “When” will it be deforested and what deforestation rates will be; and “How”, what will be the spatial representation of the new areas of modification, that is, how the deforestation process will be based on the dynamic cover and use of the land and the elements that make up the landscape, such as the variations independent activities, it is possible to carry out future projections of deforestation in the FLONA do Jamanxim. Theories of authors representing different currents of Geography are approached to conceptualize space, landscape and dynamic modeling. In Physical Geography, one starts from Bertrand's concepts. For Quantitative Geography, Waldo Tobler was used as a basis. The discussion of Critical Geography is based on the works of Milton Santos. And Soares-Filho for spatial dynamic modeling. The methodology was divided into three main phases: 1- Processing of satellite images, using the supervised classification method through the Maximum Likelihood algorithm; 2- Processing of independent variables; 3- Stage considered the main part of the study, which consists of spatial modeling in DINAMICA EGO. As a result of the analysis of land cover and use, it was observed that there was a reduction in the area of 112.51 km² (0.87%) of primary forest, and an increase in the mosaic class of occupations (deforestation) with an area of 393.53 km², equivalent to 3% of deforested area. The main activities observed were: forest exploitation and mining. There is also a deforestation pattern classified as geometric and regular, with economic activities, such as agriculture, and mainly medium to large-scale grain and livestock monocultures, and an intermediate stage of occupation. The independent variables assume Bertrand's GTP model to observe landscape dynamics. It was observed that 0.28% of the primary forest was converted to deforestation. That is, from 2013 to 2020 deforestation is occurring at a net rate of 28% per year. And there is a high probability of transition from primary forest to a mosaic of occupations, and from forest exploitation to a mosaic of occupations to the north and south of the FLONA do Jamanxim, areas that may be associated with the implementation of roads (BR-163), and to the PDS Brasília and Vale do Jamanxim Project settlements, which consequently can impact the resilience of the landscape. Based on modeling and analysis of future scenarios, it appears that there may be a loss of 198.79 km² (1.52%) of primary forest, and a considerable increase in deforestation of 155.20 km² by 2030. The mapping of this study, it can support public policy actions by analyzing the impact of laws and identifying priority areas for government action in FLONA do Jamanxim. Based on the spatial modeling, together with the command, control and monitoring plans, it is possible to guide the socio-environmental, economic and cultural development in this UC, for the maintenance and conservation of natural assets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Zonificação ambiental do estado do Maranhão utilizando os geossistemas como categoria geográfica de análise
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-12) MARQUES, Valter José; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The state of Maranhão possesses 331.937 square kilometers; coated to the west by dense ombrophylous forests and to the east for cerrado and forests of babaçu, in transition for the biome caatinga. In the latitudinal dimension, are distinguished two large bays: coastal and continental, separated by a structural and step-W/NW. To this geographical diversity correspond geological, geomorphological, climatic and soil nuances, which result in different occupations and uses of geographic space. Even here, the territorial planning has supported in the political-administrative division and in actual or potential uses of the natural environment. The ambient boardings are based on the thematic striking on the ecological dimension and/or on the geomorphological compartments. In the present study, it was opted to the zonification under the systemic perspective of the geossystem-territory-landscape method, wich embraces the the biases physical, biotic and sociocultural. The discrimination of geossystems and the search for its origins had allowed to greater clarification on the connection and tectonic evolution of the Brazilian continental platform, on account of the continental drift, that separated Brazil from Africa. In the local regional/locale/, the 12 geossystems mapped behave as “crustals paving-tiles”, put into motion for forces of the internal dynamics of the Earth. The delineation of the geossystemic units is consonante with the one of the gravimetrical anomalies and the limits of the hydrographic basins. Biotic and physical themes are reflected on the geossystemic units, as the uses of land, and cultural aspects are, showing their integrated nature. Of this form, the zonification, on the basis of geossystems, makes possible the territorial management, through its ambiental, hydric, ecological and economic biases. As retrospective of the territorialities, implanted throughout the history of the Maranhão, the fact ascends of that they had as force-motor the production of substances cousins for global markets. These contingencies, associates with the non- inclusive politics involving populations on the global businesses resulted in significant social exclusion. Finally, an assay directed to the formularization of alternative scenes, under the optics of the sustainable development, advocates for new aimings marked out with buoys in complete a territorial vision, that over all prioritizes the technological quality of the human resources and innovations with respect to the energy matrix, infrastructure, verticalization of local productive chains and in the adoption of ambient politics regarding nature conservation and preservation of environmental services.