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Navegando por Assunto "Geotecnologias"

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    Dinâmica espaço-temporal e pressões antrópicas em manguezais de RESEXs na costa atlântica paraense.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) PEIXOTO, Herbert Junior Campos; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
    The Atlantic Coast of Pará (ACP) is shelter of the most well-preserved mangrove belt in the world, where some of these areas are included in extractive reserves (RESEX), which provide the sustainable use of its natural resources by the local population. This commitment to sustainability has been gaining strength since the creation of the 2030 Agenda, which gave rise to the Ocean Decade, which seeks the sustainable and scientific development of marine and coastal resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of mangroves inserted in the RESEX of the PCZ. The adopted methodology consists of: (1) acquisition and processing of images from Landsat satellites (2) quantification and comparison of the mangrove areas of four RESEX (Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Mestre Lucindo, Mocapajuba and São João da Ponta). These analyzes were carried out using polygons, created from Landsat satellite images, which delimited the mangrove areas for a period of thirty-four years (1986 to 2020). Using the mapbiomas collection plugin, available in the QGIS software, it was possible to observe urban sprawl in the studied areas and their interaction with mangrove environments. To corroborate the results obtained, environmental data of suspended particulate matter (MPS) were used. The vegetation cover had the highest reduction value of 8,054 km² and maximum increase value of 14,825 km². It was possible to observe patterns of variation in the RESEXs, which showed similar trends, both in terms of loss and gain in area. Little change occurred in the mangrove areas in the innermost portions of the RESEXs. The suspended particulate material (SPM) transported in the region has SW NE direction. It was also possible to observe the growth of urban infrastructure in all municipalities where the RESEXs are located, with Marapanim and Curuçá showing the highest growth (4,642 km² and 4,797 km², respectively). However, most changes in mangrove cover occurred along the coastline, far from urbanized areas. The analyzed mangroves remained in balance; however, disorderly urbanization can bring losses if there are no effective measures.
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    Espécies arbóreas presentes na zona urbana de Altamira - Pará: índices espaciais e diversidade florística
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-28) FEIO, Elnatan Ferreira; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3655-4166; HERRERA, Raírys Cravo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2153779197306503; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8359
    In recent decades, the interest in studying the urbanization process in cities has become an extremely important subject, since this phenomenon is not planned. Disregarding regional differences, it becomes very distant to design more sustainable cities. One of the ways to achieve this sustainability is by promoting actions that encourage the insertion of afforestation achieving positive effects, such as the alleviation of the heat resulting from asphalting and the implementation of urban spaces. Thus, the promotion of afforestation in cities is one of the ways to minimize the adverse effects of climate in cities and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants. This work was carried out at the headquarters of the municipality of Altamira, located in the southwest region of Pará state. It was performed in three stages: (i) mapping of tree planting from manual vectorization to generate a cloud of points that enabled the analysis through the application of Kernel Density Statistics of the spatial distribution of tree species using calculation of environmental parameters for estimative, such as Vegetation Coverage Index (CVI) and Percentage of Vegetation Coverage (PCV); (ii) acquisition of remote sensing images with low cloudiness during the dry season, referring to the years 2011 and 2021 from the Satellites Landsat 5 Sensor TM and Landsat 8 Sensor Tirs, respectively, with images acquired on National Institute for Space Research (INPE) website; and (iii) survey of tree census in three neighborhoods of the city based on the largest coverage indices calculated in the first stage of the research to determine the Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou Equability Indices. It was observed that the distribution of afforestation in Altamira is very variable and deficient, where most of the city's neighborhoods have a tree density deficit. The central neighborhoods are the most consolidated and have the highest densities of individuals. The PCV was 0.49% and the ICVH was 1.72 m² of canopy/inhabitant. Values under recommended by the United Nations Organization - UN and the Brazilian Society of Urban Arborization - SBAU. For the year 2011, the terrestrial thermal conditions in the city of Altamira varied between a minimum of 23.97°C and a maximum of 34.80°C, maintaining a constant around 32°C in the urbanized area, out of line with the maximum temperature 34°C was registered in a few points of the city, with an average temperature of 32.09°C at Centro neighborhood. In 2021, the temperature in Altamira reached a minimum of 23.35°C and a maximum of 33.89°C. The result of calculating the indices for the Premem, Jardim Uirapuru and Esplanada do Xingu neighborhoods showed the following values, respectively: a) Shannon-Weaver diversity (H'): 1.73, 1.81, 2.28; b) Pielou equability (J'): 0.65, 0.57, 0.72, and c) Simpson (C): 0.69, 0.71, 0.85, respectively. Qualitative analysis indicated that the higher the value of C, the lower the diversity of species, therefore, the highest distributed diversity is found in the Premem neighborhood. For the quantitative analysis, 793 tree individuals were cataloged, divided into 61 species, belonging to 40 botanical families which was found that 68% are exotic species and 32% are native. It is observed that the arrangement of the spatial distribution of urban trees did not follow the growth of the urban fabric, allowing the emergence of areas with low tree density which ended up in the urgency of a policy elaboration that contemplates green areas in our city, in order to humanizing roads and public areas and contributing to the regulation of the microclimate in Altamira, with positive effects on the well-being of the population and those who transit through here. Thus, this study has the necessary attributes to support urban planning in actions aimed at promoting comfort and the future attenuation of thermal sensation events, valuing the planting of native species to the detriment of exotic ones.
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    História Ambiental do Alagado do Piry de Jussara, Belém-PA : uma reflexão acerca da ocupação urbana em áreas alagadas.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-20) SILVA, Marcus Vinicius Silva da.; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
    The city of Belém has suffered since its colonization with irregular occupation over flooded areas or water courses, this problem is still evident and recurring in our city today. This problem is largely attributed to the scarcity of topographically favorable areas and the lack of adequate housing planning. In 1616 (year of the colonization of Belém), historical reports point out that in the region where Avenida Almirante Tamandaré is located today there was a flooded area, called Alagado do Piry de Jussara, however, due to the need for urban expansion, the same was seen as a natural obstacle to the irradiation of the city, and with that, it underwent canalization and grounding processes. Thus, this research aimed to carry out a historical analysis of the region that was once occupied by Alagado do Piry, aiming to understand how this occupation process took place on this natural element, coupled with this, to carry out geomorphological studies that would allow to identify the accident geographic area in which the Alagado was located, in addition to seeking to understand the complex dynamics of the waters (precipitation and tide level) that operated and still operate in the region. At the end of the study, the results obtained corroborated and confirmed the hypothesis that the form of occupation and expansion of the city that has been used since colonization is mistaken, since, in addition to not having adequate housing policies, it does not take into account account of the characteristics of the region, such as low topography, high rainfall, and periodic rising tide; which ends up causing socio-environmental problems such as floods, floods and floods in numerous points in the city of Belém. Furthermore, the study also points to the worsening of these occurrences, since the city of Belém and the Metropolitan Region are among the areas of greater susceptibility to events conditioned by climate change, such as the increase in the average sea level.
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