Navegando por Assunto "Go/No-go"

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Estratégias de modelagem de Go/No-go e verificação de sua necessidade para ocorrência de simetria em macacos-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-08) BORGES, Rubilene Pinheiro; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The learning of bidirectional conditional relations (symmetry) has rarely been demonstrated in non-human. Recently, three studies presented positive data from behavioral repertoires of symmetry in pigeons. These studies indicated some variables as possible determinants of the emergence of symmetry: 1) Intermixed training of arbitrary and identity relations at the same time and with the same set of stimuli, 2) Non-exposition to prior training of any kind of relationship with same stimuli, and 3) The use of the successive conditional discrimination (Go/No-go). This study aimed to determine the need for the use of Go/No-go, using the other variables (intermixed training and no prior exposure), to obtain the emergence of symmetry. This study evaluated in two capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) the learning of arbitrary and identity relations of stimuli presented in the same experimental session and the emergence of symmetry, using two procedures. One subject (M18) was trained in Go/No-go task with mixed arbitrary and identity trials, with the same set of stimuli. The subject went through two Go/No-go training that have not been successful in establishing conditional control. Another subject (M27) was trained in a 0-delayed matching-to-sample task with mixed arbitrary and identity trials, with the same set of stimuli too. This second procedure aimed to determine the need to use the procedure Go/No-go to obtain the emergence of symmetry. Training sessions were composed of eight identity trials (four relations) and eight arbitrary trials (two relations), presented in random sequence. All trials had three choices as comparisons. Subsequently, M27 was submitted to three tests (all of the trials had programmed reinforcement). The intermixed baseline training (identity and arbitrary) occurred in 14 sessions. The first test of symmetry was a session of eight trials for each of the four relations of identity, two arbitrary, and two test trials in a total of 64 trials, and the performance criterion was seven correct trials out of eight for each relation. M27 had 2 errors in a identity relation and reached the criterion for all the others, including those of symmetry. To determine whether there was a consistency of stimulus control, the second test was made in which the choices between the comparisons could no longer be conditional to the model, since was used one single new stimulus as sample at all time in both baseline and test trials. M27 made three errors global. This result may indicate that some kind of unprogrammed stimulus control, developed: as the same two pairs of stimuli alternated in the S- function in all trials, M27 may have learned to reject the two pairs of stimuli independently of the sample presented. In order to verify if indeed there was no control for selection according to the sample, it was ran a test with only two comparisons with the same settings of the first test. M27 made six errors in 32 identity baseline trials, six in 16 arbitrary trials and six in the 16 symmetry trials. The correct responses were therefore above chance level, which partly confirms the hypothesis above and may indicate the presence of a mixed stimulus control between conditional and discriminative stimuli for comparison.