Navegando por Assunto "Gordura residual"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da aplicação da lama vermelha como catalisador na reação de craqueamento térmico catalítico de resíduos de caixas de gordura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-02) EID, Janaina Guedes; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This study aimed to evaluate the use of residual fat taken from retaining grease traps as an alternative raw material in the biofuel production process. The catalytic process of thermal cracking of the residual fat was carried out in bench scale and pilot using the red mud (LV) calcined at 1000 ° C as catalyst at different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%). Organic liquids (PLO's) obtained in the cracking experiments were distilled in a bench unit, which was the production of hydrocarbon fractions in bands of light green diesel and heavy green diesel. Thus, PLO'se fractions were characterized by carrying out physicochemical and compositional analysis where the results turned out to be compared according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP No. 65 for diesel S10. The produced in the PLO counter and cracking unit using the pilot content of 5% catalyst (LV calcined at 1000 ° C) when compared with experiments using concentrations of 10% and 15% of LV showed the best results for the acid value, kinematic viscosity and density, confirming that this experiment had one of the best yields of the process and significant results regarding the physicochemical and compositional analysis. Distillation processes of the PLO's done in the distillation unit in Bench Scale showed good yields for hydrocarbon fractions in heavy green diesel range. The heavy green diesel fractions obtained after distillation of the PLO produced with 5% catalyst content showed significant yield and the best physicochemical results of all fractions obtained in this study, especially with regard to the acid value. It was confirmed through analysis of the Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer the presence of hydrocarbons in the composition of the organic liquids.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de upgrading catalítico de vapores da pirólise de gordura residual em reator de leito fixo com catalisador carvão ativado impregnado com NAOH
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-17) BERNAR, Lucas Pinto; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
This work investigated influence of reaction time and catalyst-to-residual fat ratio by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value) and chemical composition of bio-oils, over a catalyst fixed bed reactor of activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in semi pilot scale. The experiments were carried out at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a process schema consisting of a thermal cracking reactor of 2.0 L coupled to a catalyst fixed bed reactor of 53 mL, without catalyst and using 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (wt.) activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in batch mode. Results show yields of bio-oil decreasing with increasing catalyst-to-feed ratio. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, ring-containing alkanes, ring-containing alkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, and aldehydes). Physico-chemical and compositional analysis show that cracking occurred along the carbon chain present in triglycerides and fatty acids initially present, producing gaseous hydrocarbons. Tha activated carbon catalyst was not selective for the liquid biooil deoxygenation, but the obtained results are of great value for understanding the catalytic cracking reaction mechanism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biocombustíveis em diferentes escalas via craqueamento térmico catalítico de resíduos de caixa de gordura com catalisador Na2CO3
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-03) CORRÊA, Onésimo Amorim; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This paper presents the residual fat taken from retaining grease traps as a potential feedstock for the production of alternative and renewable fuels. The residual oil was used as filler in experiments catalytic thermal cracking countertop units, Semi-pilot and pilot. Different levels of sodium carbonate (5%, 10% and 15%) were used as a catalyst in the catalytic thermal craqueamneto experiments. Organic liquids (PLO's) obtained in the cracking experiments were distilled in distillation units in bench and pilot scale. Distillation processes resulted in the development of hydrocarbon fractions in kerosene bands, light and heavy diesel. The PLO's with the green light and heavy diesel fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 65 for diesel S10. The green kerosene fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 37 for petroleum-based kerosene. The results showed that the PLO's had low values for the acid value, moreover, it was confirmed that the use of different percentages of catalyst ash in the three scales of production contributed to obtaining promising results in terms of yield and physico -chemical and compositional, indicating the efficiency of this basic catalyst. The results also showed that the fractions of green kerosene, heavy and light green diesel had low levels of free fatty acids, significant income and physical and chemical characteristics in line with their respective standards. The experiments using the percentage of 10% sodium carbonate as catalyst showed the highest incomes, lower levels of acidity and the best results of physicochemical and compositional characterization of all the tests in this study. The PLO produced using the level of 10% of sodium carbonate showed a total of 78.98% of hydrocarbons in the composition, while the green kerosene obtained after distillation of the same PLO showed 92.64% total hydrocarbons in its composition, these results were confirmed by analysis as FT-IR, RMN and GC-MS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biocombustíveis um craqueamento termo-catalítico de gordura residual com lama vermelha ativada quimicamente como catalizador
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-04) OLIVEIRA, Romero Moreira de; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4688021995450878
In this work, a biofuels study was carried out by the pilot scale thermo-catalytic cracking process, of the residual fat from the fat boxes of the university restaurant of the Federal University of Pará (RU-UFPA), using activated red mud as a catalyst. The residual fat used in the experiments was treated by sieving, decantation, dehydration and storage, to be introduced into the cracking reactor. The red mud was subjected to a pre-treatment of dehydration in an oven at 100°C for 24 hours, then subjected to a chemical treatment with 0,5M, 1M and 2M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl). Subsequently calcination of this material was carried out at 1000°C for 2 hours, to be applied as a catalyst in the proportions 5%, 10% and 15% m/m. The cracking process was performed at a fixed temperature of 550°C, and the generated PLO was collected by reaction time 10 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes, these were then characterized and subjected to fractional distillation. Distillation was performed on a Vigreux column with 12 stages, and condensed fractions were collected according to the distillation ranges of gasoline (45°C-175°C), kerosene (175°C-235°C), light diesel (235°C-305°C) and heavy diesel (>305°C), to be characterized later. The highest yield (PLO + gas) was from experiment 5 with 90%, prepared with 15% m/m catalyst treated with 1M HCl. Also presenting biofuels with better physical-chemical characteristics such as the acid value of gasoline in point 4 (9,4 mg KOH/g) and composites with the highest of 92.91% of total hydrocarbons for kerosene.