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A disciplina escolar matemática no Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho durante a primeira república
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-27) ARAÚJO, Iza Helena Travassos Ferraz de; ROCHA, Genylton Odilon Rêgo da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3735617515418666
This thesis aims to study the epistemic and didactic transformations that occurred in the mathematical school discipline of secondary education in Pará, at Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho, during the first Republic. Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho, the first public institution of secondary education of Pará, was founded in the city of Belém, in 1841, with the denomination of Lyceu Paraense. Since the Proclamation of the Republic in the state, it has undergone a series of transformations that have elevated its status in Pará society, among which the process of equating the Gymnasio Nacional/Colégio Pedro II, the main form of entry for Brazilian higher education. In view of this context, the following questions were raised: what explains the epistemicdidactic transformations verified in the mathematical school discipline, at Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho, during the first republic? What are the purposes attributed to Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho and the curricular transformations that occurred in this institution during the period of the First Republic in Pará? What were the epistemicdidactic debates that were taking place, in the national and international context, around secondary school mathematics in this period? What are the mechanisms adopted by this institution in the selection and organization of the contents of the mathematical curricular component and the teaching methods practiced by its teachers? What social and political interests contributed to the elevation of the status of the mathematical discipline in the Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho curriculum during the First Republic? The object investigated is in the field of curriculum history and history of school subjects, according to the propositions of Ivor Goodson and André Chervel. However, the key concept that led to the formulation of the thesis was that of organic intellectuals, elaborated by the Italian philosopher Antônio Gramsci. It is a qualitative research, of the historical type, based on the historical-dialectical materialism, whose main historical sources were the mathematics teaching programs, the books of trades dispatched, the correspondence folder received, the point books, the historical record book of the employees, the book about contest of the teacher and the didactic books adopted by the teachers of mathematics. The analysis of the historical sources allowed to conclude that, during the First Republic, the mathematical school discipline of the Pará secondary education, in Gymnasio Paes de Carvalho, underwent epistemic-didactic transformations that contributed to the elevation of its status in the curriculum of that institution, that fact It is explained because there was a need for secondary education offered in this educational institution, to come to effectively meet the corporate project established by the Republic in Brazil and, more particularly, in Pará, in which the teachers who ministered this discipline in the gymnasio, considered in this Work as organic intellectuals, engaged in exercising in their classes, so the transformations occurred were linked to the changes that occurred in the national context, materialized through the programs of the Gymnasio Nacional/ Colégio Pedro II, but with some singularities, as a result of the performance of their teachers.