Navegando por Assunto "Gymnotiformes"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Integração dos estudos cromossômicos e DNA barcoding em Rhamphichthys (Pisces: Gymnotiformes)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-16) SILVA, Patrícia Corrêa da; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644368250823351
The Order Gymnotiformes is composed by 219 valid species, which are distributed in five families. The most investigated genera are Eigenmannia and Gymnotus. Our work focused on family Rhamphichthyidae, genus Rhamphichthys that, like other Gymnotiformes, present greater abundance and diversity in the Amazon region. Sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Abaetetuba, Barcarena and Belém (Pará) and Tefé, Ecological Reserve Mamirauá (Amazonas), in order to better define the species, through the integration of classical cytogenetic data, cytogenomic analysis (probes for repetitive DNA sequences) and DNA Barcoding and thus understand the evolution of this fish in the Amazon. A new karyotype was identified for R. rostratus with the presence of B chromosomes and karyotype formula FC = 48m / sm + 2st / a + (5-10) B, as well as a new cytotype from the Amazon region, in Rhamphichthys sp. FC = 44m / sm + 6st / a, and also in R. marmoratus, FC = 46 + 4st / a in the state of Pará. The analysis of repetitive sequences in the new cytotypes demonstrated that probes 18S coincided with the regions of constriction secondary that are marked with silver nitrate in the classical NOR staining technique. The DNA probes 5S mark multiple sites, letting clear that the evolution of the ribosomal gene family is independent, at least in the genus Rhamphichthys. Retroelements REX1 and REX3 marked in a dispersed fashion throughout the genome, as already described in literature for other fishes. The REX1 element also marks the secondary constriction in R. rostratus, which has also been described in other species of fishes that inhabit polluted environments, exposed to environmental stresses and also in hybrid individuals. The barcoding DNA analysis allowed the construction of a Bayesian tree, which is in agreement with the cytogenetic data. Thus, populations of R. rostratus with and without B chromosomes are separate taxa. In turn, the sample from Mamirauá, herein called Rhamphichthys sp., since it was not been formally described, it is more similar in both karyotypic data as the barcoding analysis with R. hanni from southeastern Brazil. Our data let clear that the number of species in Rhamphichthys is underestimated, which reinforces the need for a taxonomic revision of the genus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Profile of micronucleus frequencies and nuclear abnormalities in different species of electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) from the Eastern Amazon
(2013) MELO, Karina Motta; ALVES, Ingrid Reale; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; DAVID, José Augusto de Oliveira; NAGAMACHI, Cleusa Yoshiko; GRISOLIA, Cesar Koppe
The frequency of spontaneous micronucleus (MN) formation in fish species needs to be determined to evaluate their usefulness for genotoxic biomonitoring. The definition of a good bioindicator takes into account the current knowledge of its metabolic traits as well as other factors including its feeding behavior and relationship to the environment. In this study, we compared the basal frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes and nuclear abnormalities (NA) among different species of the fish Order Gymnotiformes (Rhamphichthys marmoratus, Steatogenys elegans, Sternopygus macrurus, Parapteronotus hasemani, Gymnotus mamiraua, Gymnotus arapaima, Brachyhypopomus beebei, Brachyhypopomus n. sp. BENN) sampled in several localities of the Eastern Amazon. A baseline of MN and NA frequency in these fish was determined, enabling the identification of potentially useful species as models for genotoxicity studies. Only one impacted sample collected at a site in the River Caripetuba showed a significant number of NAs, which may be due to the release of wastewater by neighbouring mining industries and by the burnt fuel released by the small boats used by a local community. Our results may provide support for further studies in areas of the Eastern Amazon affected by mining, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome systems in the Neotropical Gymnotiformes electric fish of the genus Brachyhypopomus
(2015-06) CARDOSO, Adauto Lima; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; NAGAMACHI, Cleusa Yoshiko
Several types of sex chromosome systems have been recorded among Gymnotiformes, including male and female heterogamety, simple and multiple sex chromosomes, and different mechanisms of origin and evolution. The 1X1X2X2/X1X2Y systems identified in three species of this order are considered homoplasic for the group. In the genus Brachyhypopomus, only B. gauderio presented this type of system. Herein we describe the karyotypes of Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus and B. n. sp. FLAV, which have an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system that evolved via fusion between an autosome and the Y chromosome. The morphology of the chromosomes and the meiotic pairing suggest that the sex chromosomes of B. gauderio and B. pinnicaudatus have a common origin, whereas in B. n. sp. FLAV the sex chromosome system evolved independently. However, we cannot discard the possibility of common origin followed by distinct processes of differentiation. The identification of two new karyotypes with an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes makes it the most common among the karyotyped species of the group. Comparisons of these karyotypes and the evolutionary history of the taxa indicate independent origins for their sex chromosomes systems. The recurrent emergence of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y system may represent sex chromosomes turnover events in Gymnotiformes.