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Navegando por Assunto "HIV/AIDS"

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    Aspectos de gênero e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS entre usuários de dois dos serviços de atendimento especializado em DST/AIDS de São Luís, Maranhão
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) MAFRA, Rogério Luís Pereira; PEREIRA, Ediléa Dutra; VARGA, István van Deursen; MAFRA, Welma Cristina Barbosa
    We examine factors that contribute to the vulnerability of men and women living with HIV/AIDS, users of the Serviço de Atendimento Especializado em DST/AIDS (SAE), examining demographic and epidemiological differences as well as their reception and access to diagnosis and treatment. We conducted an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 248 individuals were interviewed between October and December of 2007. We applied the chi-square test and multivariate analysis by CHAID technique (significance level of 5%). We established a classification by sex. We felt that some elements of an individual, programmatic and social level, including gender, contributed significantly to the vulnerability of the respondents. We observed substantial differences between men and women, considering: employment and income, total partners and condom use. The manner of shelter and access to diagnosis and treatment in the SAE is presented as an element of increased vulnerability, for not promoting a comprehensive service to the users. We identified aspects of differential vulnerability of women in the group over the "condom use after diagnosis", associated with the type of partnership (steady or not) and "understanding of what it is been saidduring the consultations", which was directly related to service time at SAE. In this sense, a way to reduce vulnerability pervades the pursuit of gender equity, ethnicity, to improve the quality of life.
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    Avaliação do risco cardiovascular em pacientes com lipodistrofia secundária a terapia antirretroviral: critérios de framingham, índice tornozelo-braço e medida da espessura da camada medio-intimal da carótida
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-16) KOURY JUNIOR, Adib; LIBONATI, Rosana Maria Feio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3818175484709618
    The use of combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced mortality and morbidity in patients infected by HIV virus. However, this treatment may cause metabolic alterations such as dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and lipodystrophy. The clinical and laboratorial consequences that follow these alterations may raise the risk for cardiovascular diseases. This research aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of patients with lipodystrophy associated to raise cardiovascular risk, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). For so, it was performed a Transversal analytical study with 62 patients with lipodystrophy using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with ages varying from 29 to 68, followed up in the outpatient unit of lipodystrophy of João de Barros Barreto University Hospital. The patients were submitted to anamnesis with clinical examination, blood collection for laboratorial tests with glycemia dosage, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides and ultrasensitive PCR, measurement of the ankle-brachial index and measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness through mode B ultrasonography. The patients were classified according to their cardiovascular risks through the criteria of the Framingham Score. The variables were analyzed by the study of the measurements of central trend and the hypotheses were analyzed by the chi-square Test and/or the Fisher exact Test. The prevalence of alteration of the ABI in the studied sample was 21% and of the patients with a increase of the cIMT was 48.4%. According to the Framingham score, 53.2% of the patients presented low risk to a cardiovascular event in a 10 year range, 16.1% of moderate risk and 30.7% of high risk. A patient with a increase of the cIMT presented a larger cardiovascular risk through the Framingham score. Male, age, increase of the abdominal circumference have presented a significant association with the carotid intima-media thickness cIMT.
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    Conhecer para atuar: propostas para ações mais eficazes na prevenção do HIV/AIDS em adolescentes no município de Belém do Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-31) LIMA, Mariana Souza de; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530
    The State of Pará and Belém occupy the tenth and sixth position between the Federative Units and the Brazilian capitals, respectively, in the detection rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection has grown a mong young adolescents, even th ough the government media campaigns for HIV preventio n. From the year 1980 to the year 2013, the Northern Region presented a 111% increase in the detection rate among subjects aged 15 to 24 years. With the objective of designing more effective and timely health education campaigns against HIV infection in yo ung adolescents in the city of Belém, in this work I was PROPOSED in the foreground to outline the epidemiological profile for HIV infection or A cquired Immunodeficiency S yndrome (AIDS) among adolescents between the ages of 15 and 24 years for each of the administrative district of Belém, and secondly to evaluate the knowledge about HIV / AIDS among high school students of state schools in these administrative regions. The survey of the epidemiological profile will be done at the Center for Testing and Coun seling (CTA) of the Municipal Health Department of Belém (SESMA) using questionnaires filled by users, aged 15 to 24 years, whose tests were positive for HIV in the period between 2010 and 2015. The data were grouped by location of the user's residence. In order to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/A ids in high school students, semi - structured questionnaires with closed questions were used where the student has options to agree to the question, do not agree or mark "I do not know". It is hoped that th e results provided by this study will provide further subsidies to public health policies to combat HIV/ A ids . We hope that our findings will be sources for further studies and that they alert us to effective action in the fight against HIV in public school students by municipal, state and even federal agencies.
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    Homofobia e assistência à saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-18) MORAES FILHO, Leomar Santos; LIMA, Maria Lúcia Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2883065146680171
    Homophobia is the term used to designate the feeling or attitude directed towards homosexuals that inferiorizes, antagonizes, discriminates or violates them due to their sexuality. The literature indicates that homophobia is socially produced, especially by cisheternormative and sexist ideologies, and can be perpetrated by individuals, communities or institutions. In contemporary times, homophobia has been experiencing a resurgence, especially when combined with living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). Therefore, this research aims to understand how homophobia impacts the health care of gay and bisexual men living with HIV/AIDS. Based on qualitative research, six gay and bisexual men aged 18 and over were interviewed, with positive HIV serology in an advanced stage of infection and hospitalized in an infectious disease reference unit. The interlocutors were contacted through dialogue with the institution's care team, reading of the medical records and an initial approach by the researcher to present the research. The interviews followed a semi-structured model and were carried out in person at the field hospital. To analyze the information produced, this study used Bardin's content analysis (2016). The results indicate that homophobia is part of everyday life and contemporary social dynamics and when combined with a positive HIV status, it becomes even more complex, producing specific situations of suffering. In the context of health care, among the most significant effects of homophobia, the presupposition of heterosexuality of all users stands out, inability to clinically manage sexuality that differs from heterosexuality and the non-recognition of this marker as clinically relevant health data. Furthermore, the experience of the interlocutors showed that the suffering they experienced has interfaces both with their life stories and experiences prior to the diagnosis and the context of inequities, social injustice, oppression and negligence by the State to which they are exposed.
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    Perfil antropométrico, qualidade de vida e nível de atividade fisica de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em Altamira-PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-20) MELO, Gileno Edu Lameira de; BICHARA, Cléa Nazaré Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2161704040280760
    Introduction: The HIV and AIDS has reached more than 33 million people in the world and 600,000 in Brazil,that were reached in multiple social and health dimensions with an impact on their epdemologic profile as heterosexualization, feminilization, interiorization and pauperization of this grievance, besides organic and metabolic effectsoccasioned by the virus itself, the sickness and specif treatment. Objetive: describe the anthropometric profile of life quality and and the le level of physical activities from people living with HIV/AIDS in Altamira—PA. Methodology: a descriptive study involving 48 people, from 20 years old on and both genders, living with HIV/AIDS attended at SAE in Altamira—PA, who accepted participate in this research whose socialdemografic and clinical dates, as the number of lymphocytes T CD4+ and viral load were taken from records, and asked a protocol questionaries authenticated to avaliation of life quality WHOQOL HIV – Bref and the International Physical Activity Questionary—IPAQ—short version; it was done an indinvidual physical avaliation to the collect of anthropometric measurements like weight, height, Body Mass Index(BMI),circumferences and Waist Hip Ratio(WHR). The obtained dates were saved on EXCEL to be processed and analysed by descriptive and inferentional statistic. Results: the statistical population was composed by 29 women (60,4%) and 19 men (39,6%) prevailing age between 40-49 years old (37,5%) and age average of 39,4 years old; low education (66,7%); the group of single, widow /widower or separated/divorced (62,5%). In the level of physical activity, it was observed that 64,6% of the population was sedentary, being 41,4% overweighted women. In the distribution of people living with HIV/AIDS there was a significative diference (P=0,0013) in the proportion of cardiovascular risk acording the WHR and of which 70% were using the antiretroviral therapy in the average of 3,55 years. In the avaliation of life quality according WHOQOL HIV—Bref the score of the most positive average found with the WHOQOL HIV—Brief was the mastery of Spirituality and the lowest score was the mastery of Environment. And it was also observed a significantly average (P=0,011) in the psychological domain of the group with TCD4+< 200. There was no significance ancording the TARV. Conclusion: the SAE from Altamira shows the epidemiological trends of global pandemic HIV/AIDS as to the feminilization, pauperization and interiorization of this sickness. The BMI may reflect the most common behavior in the women with high propbability of risk in cardiovascular diseases. The IPAQ demonstrated that there is a population which most part is sedentary, with members physically slothfull and with great chance to suffer with the effects of lipodystrophy, methabolic disorders and bodily changes by the lack of physical activity and physical exercises. Generally, the observations looked like the general population which can be a reflex of the small sample of evaluated pacients. There is the necessity of aditional researches with a bigger sample to well evaluate the prhysical activity level, life style of PVHA, enabling proposals of specific intervention to pacients who live with HIV/AIDS.
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    Pneumopatias infecciosas em pacientes com HIV/AIDS: abordagem histórica em um hospital de referência na Região Norte, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-07) SANTOS, Milene Cardoso Salgado dos; CARNEIRO, Irna Carla do Rosário Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4389330944043163
    Pulmonary infectious diseases frequently are identified in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological aspects and techniques used in the diagnosis of infectious lung disease in patients with HIV/AIDS. We evaluated 830 medical records of patients admitted to the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB) - Belém - Pará, in the period 2005-2014, diagnosed with infectious pulmonary diseases, positive HIV/AIDS and over the age of 18. The mean age of subjects was 37.7 years with higher age among those with greater sexual activity and productivity, most men (64.4%), however it was observed a significant increase in women over the years increasing the number of women in hospital beds. Most origin was from the state capital (46.6%). Infectious lung diseases manifested themselves through productive cough, weight loss and dyspnea. The vast majority of patients had their diagnosis presumptively through epidemiological, clinical and radiological data and perform empirical treatment. In patients who had the diagnosis established this was done by sputum analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy and the most frequent diagnoses were bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis and pneumocystis pneumonia, with a significant increase in tuberculosis cases in the period between 2011 and 2014.The outcome, in-hospital mortality occurred in most cases due to bacterial pneumonia and there was a considerable increase in the number of high over the years, even with the increased length of stay and the limitations on the diagnostic tools.
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    Prevalência da co-infecção por Leishmania sp. em pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos pelo Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Lúcio André Martins da; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
    The co-infection with Leishmania-HIV-AIDS is a serious public health problem in most of the world. However, cases of coinfection remain underestimated, since leishmaniasis is not AIDS-defining illness. It was conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2011 to February 2012, with the objective to investigate the prevalence of co-infection HIV/Leishmania in patients enrolled in the cityprogram STD/AIDS in the Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA. The study population consisted of 199 individuals. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire to obtain demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological data, and it was also performed tests through collection of biological material (blood) of all patients for detection of infection with Leishmania sp., through laboratory tests (CD4 and CD8 counting) and PCR research. Among the patients it was observed similarity between the frequency of gender, 49.2% male and 50.8% female, with an average age of 40 years. It was observed that 61.8% have a low level of education and 69.3% have an income of up to minimum wage. 2.01% (4/199) of patients analyzed presented coinfection Leishmania/HIV. From these, 3 showed mixed infection with Leishmania (V.) sp and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis causing ATL, and one patient infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi, causing VL. Comparing the risk factors, comorbidities and complications among patients analyzed it was observed that malaria was the only factor that proved significant at around 10.05%. This was the first study that investigates the Leishmania HIV coinfection in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão and identification of coinfected patients was of fundamental importance to the service as from which will be able to then follow up these patients. This study provided the magnitude of the prevalence of co-infection Leishmania/HIV. Thus, we suggest that the anti-Leishmania test is performed on all subjects with HIV/AIDS, and are incremented public policies for this problem.
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    Saúde sexual e HIV/AIDS na terceira idade
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MENDONÇA, Evelyn Tayana Maciel; ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5906453187927460; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-4753; GONÇALVES, Lucia Hisako Takase; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6191152585879205; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-7814
    The rate of HIV infection has increased among the elderly. Likewise, the improvement of social life and the growth of the pharmaceutical industry have stimulated the prolongation of sexual activity in old age. However, the conception of the elderly as an asexual person, including among health professionals, has reduced the space for the elderly to express their sexuality or to discuss the subject in a way that provides information, resulting in dangerous sexual practices and remoteness of their sexual health. The objective of this study was to analyze how the knowledge about HIV / AIDS reflects the sexuality experience of the elderly users of a Health Center in the city of Belém-PA. For this purpose, it was opted for the evaluation research approach, adopting the triangulation method. In compliance with the first objective that was assessing the knowledge of the elderly about HIV / AIDS, applying the Questionnaire about HIV to Third-Age (QHIV3I). Already to reach the second objective, which was to explore how the elderly think and experience their sexuality, it was adopted the focus group technique, applying for two separate groups of men and women. The data obtained through the questionnaire were treated and analyzed by simple descriptive statistics, resulting in the fact that the elderly people who participate of this research have some knowledge about AIDS, mainly in relation to the areas "concept", "transmission" and "prevention ". However, it was observed the existence of knowledge gaps especially about the asymptomatic phase of the disease and ways in which virus transmission does not occur. In addition, 93% of them do not use condoms in their sexual practice and only 40% have already had the HIV test. The data obtained through the study group were treated by the Thematic Content Analysis, thus emerging four categories: sexuality of the elderly among the challenges of aging and prejudice; elderly widows – the influence of marital status on sexuality; the negotiation of condom use among couples of the elderly – between trust and suspicion of infidelity; Nursing between the old and new: the conversation about IST and HIV / AIDS with the elderly. It was concluded that knowing does not always reflect positive attitudes toward HIV / AIDS prevention and other STIs. The elderly do not use the condom because of the following reasons: trust in the partner, relationship of power of the man to the woman, biological changes and lack of habit.
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