Navegando por Assunto "Helmintos"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diversidade de helmintos parasitos de uma população de Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) na Amazônia brasileira(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) NEVES, Jorge Kevin da Silva; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-2923Amphibians are good models for studies of parasite diversity due to their wide range of life strategies, standing out as hosts for various groups of nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, monogeneans, and acanthocephalans. The structure of parasitic communities in anurans can be influenced by various biotic or abiotic factors. Despite being extensively studied, the taxa found are rarely identified to the species level. To date, no parasitological studies have been conducted on representatives of Osteocephalus cabrerai, leaving the parasitic fauna of these anurans completely unknown. This study aims to characterize the diversity of parasitic helminths of O. cabrerai from the Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo Extractive Reserve. This thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a published Research Article that presents the first records of parasites for O. cabrerai, analyzing the composition and characteristics of the parasitic community, patterns of parasite distribution, and the correlation between host biotic factors and the characteristics of the community. We predominantly found nematodes with a monoxenous life cycle, high prevalence, and abundant infection. Most specimens represent the first record of parasites for the genus Osteocephalus. Additionally, in our analyses, individuals with greater body mass tended to have higher susceptibility to parasitic helminth infections. The second chapter presents a Short Communication with the first molecular and phylogenetic analyses involving A. pella, concluding that the genus Aplectana is not monophyletic. We provide the first study on the helminth community structure of O. cabrerai and add the first sequence of Aplectana from the Neotropical region. Thus, we enhance the understanding of the diversity and ecology of parasitic helminths in anurans, as well as the phylogenetic relationships of species within the family Cosmocercidae.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos parasitos de Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae) da Amazônia Oriental brasileira(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-05) MOURA, Fred Gabriel Haick de; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-8935-2923; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437Snakes play an important role in the life cycles of a wide variety of parasitic helminths, acting as both definitive and intermediate hosts. Several factors can influence the diversity, composition, and structure of parasite communities associated with these reptiles. Bothrops atrox, a venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae and widely distributed throughout the Amazon, is of great medical relevance. Despite having a relatively well-documented helminth fauna, gaps remain in our understanding of the parasite-host dynamics involving this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and structure of the helminth community of B. atrox in two localities within the Brazilian Amazon. This dissertation is structured into two chapters. In the first, we present results from a comparative analysis of the helminth community structure in B. atrox from two contrasting Amazonian environments: ombrophilous forest and natural open fields. Our analyses revealed a higher abundance of parasites in hosts from forested areas, and a positive correlation between host body size and parasite abundance. This is the first study specifically dedicated to investigating the diversity and structure of helminth communities in B. atrox across different ecosystems. In the second chapter, we describe a new species of the genus Kalicephalus, based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. This species showed the highest levels of abundance, dominance, and prevalence in forest communities. The chapter also brings new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus, contributing to a better understanding of its diversity and evolution. Thus, our study provides new data for understanding the diversity and ecology of helminth parasites of snakes in the Amazon.