Navegando por Assunto "Hidrologia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 16 de 16

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do regime hidrológico e da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-25) AGUIAR, Rogério de Souza; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The Amazon lives year after year the dynamics of Floods and lowing in its rivers. However, significant variability of river discharges in the face of historical series of climate data has become more persistent over the years. This study aims to analyze the influence of the temporal variability in the basin scale on the Amazon river regime, based on the flows observed in the hydrological station of the Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA, located in Óbidos, State of Pará, in a historical series of January / 1970 to December / 2013. Besides the time, the study analyzed the intensity of oceanic mechanisms on the Brazilian Amazon basin in each year of the series. As expected, time influenced the annual interannual flow rate of 98.723 m3/s for the 44 years of the analyzed series. However, the average flow rate of the Amazon River was around 134.000 m3/s, with a peak flow rate of 105.000 m3/s (as occurred in November) in the hydrological regime of effluent up to an order of 239.000 m3/s (as in June) in the flood regime. It was also identified that El Niño and La Niña phenomena modulated extreme climatic events causing negative and positive SST anomalies differentiated over the Amazon basin, between 1970 and 2013, with a significant relation in the effluent and flood flows. The interannual analysis showed that the years of low registered flows, had the characteristic of persistence of occurrence in relation to the registered high flows. At the end of the analyzed period, from 1989, there was a seasonal increase in relation to the average amplitude of the flow of 87.727 m3/s due to the strong minimum levels recorded. When analyzing the normalized flow, it was observed the persistence of low flow in the current year of the El Niño phenomenon and also of the following year. After verifying this below-average persistence of flow in the series studied, the research sought to investigate the storage and availability factors of the Amazon River. In determining the water availability of the Amazon River, the Percentis method (specifically the quantum order Q95%) was used. The analyzes of the available flows obtained by the 95% quantile show that the years of the El Niño phenomenon did not reflect the decrease in the flow of the Amazon River in all years of the series, since there were years of occurrence that did not present critical indices of water availability. It was concluded that the flow behavior in the Amazon basin was influenced by positive and negative SST anomalies modulated by the intensity of El Niño and La Niña, and there was not sufficient water availability for the maintenance of the ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Thus the study showed that naturally the annual flows of the Amazon River do not reach, in their totality, the minimum value determined for the historical series by the law. In addition to that the hydrological variabilities in the Amazon are not caused only by the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de técnicas estatísticas e de inteligência computacional na classificação de ciclos hidrológicos em reservatórios de água na região amazônica: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-09) FREIRE, Jean Carlos Arouche; OLIVEIRA, Terezinha Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6230804143692945; MORAIS, Jefferson Magalhães de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5219735119295290
This study evaluates the quality of the water reservoir of the Hydroelectric Plant Tucuruí according to the regional hydrological cycle and the spatial arrangement of the different sampling sites distributed in areas upstream of the dam in the period 2009-2012 from the amendment of 17 parameters physico-chemical and metals from water extracted of six factors that accounted for 71.01% of total data variability. It was observed that the greatest variations of NO3, NH4, , totalP, PO4 and STS occurred in the period of floods and may be an indication of trophic status in the sampling sites due to the existence of fishing poles or population density in the vicinity these sites. Discriminant analysis, artificial neural networks, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine with polynomial and radial core and random forest: classification of the hydrological cycle to six classifiers were used. The results indicate that the random forest classifier showed the best performance with a percentage rating of 7.80% of incorrect predictions. While Student t test indicates that random forest and k-nearest neighbors have an average rate of incorrect predictions with equal significance index set at α = 5%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação ambiental das vias de drenagem da região metropolitana de Belém (PA) quanto à distribuição dos elementos Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb e Zn
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1991-01-07) MAZZEO, Tereza Elizabete; RAMOS, José Francisco da Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8189651755374537
The investigation of the concentrations of heavy metals in the seven main drainage routes of the city of Belém, with a view to the environmental issue, is the central content of this work. The introductory chapters focus on the geology, geomorphology, soils, climate, vegetation and hydrology of the city of Belém, characterizing the natural conditions of the environment in the studied drainages. From the methodological point of view, the work has two phases: the first consists of the recognition, location and determination of metals (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Mn) and their main sources, natural or anthropogenic, or both; the second, in detailing the distribution and chemical behavior of each metal in the Tucunduba stream, which has a higher concentration of these elements. The Tucunduba stream presents, in addition to the sources of metals common to all other drainages, such as domestic sewage, rainwater discharge and the influence of estuarine tides, the effluent from a leather treatment industry, thus showing anomalous values for the chromium element. The investigation of the physical-chemical parameters of the waters of the drainage ways studied, aims to characterize and identify the behavior of the metallic compounds formed, emphasizing the seasonal variation - function of the rainfall intensity - and the action of the outgoing tides. The Tucunduba stream is the only one to be considered polluted by metals - due to the high concentration of chromium found in its waters and sediments - compared to polluted rivers and lakes in Brazil, Europe and the United States. Despite the small number of samples from each drainage and the great variation in the results, some linear correlations were observed between the concentrations of metals, among themselves and with the physicochemical parameters, which characterize the intense influence of the tides of the Guajará Bay and the Guamá River in the drainages. These correlations also show the existence of large amounts of surfactants derived from synthetic soaps and detergents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Condições oceanográficas, ocupação territorial e problemas ambientais na praia do Atalaia (nordeste do Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-28) PINTO, Ketellyn Suellen Teixeira; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218
The conservation and management of the coastal zone of the Amazon region demands special attention, given the richness of its natural resources. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of natural events and human activities on Atalaia beach, situated in the NE of the Brazilian state of Pará and to develop guidelines for the implementation of coastal management programs. Data were collected between November, 2008, and November, 2010. Four sets of variables were assessed: (i) physical variables (climatology, hydrodynamics and morfodinâmica), (ii) hydrological variables (water temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and inorganics nutrients, chlorophyll a and thermotolerant coliform levels), (iii) urban development and (iv) spatial distribution of services and infrastructure. The results indicate that climate and hydrodynamical conditions were the main factors responsible for fluctuations in water salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic dissolved nutrients, and chlorophyll a concentrations. The discharge of untreated domestic sewage was responsible for bacteriological contamination, although the rapid turnover of the high-energy hydrodynamic environment limited contamination by thermotolerant coliforms. This high hydrodynamic energy, primarily during the equinoctial spring tides, and the lack of urban planning, nevertheless generates other problems, such as coastal erosion. The study area is characterized by high rainfall rates (> 1900 mm during the rainy season), NE winds with mean speeds of up to 4.36 m/s in the dry season and 3.06 m/s in rainy season, macrotidal conditions (tidal range > 4.0 m), moderate tidal current speeds (up to 0.5 m/s), and significant wave heights up to 1.5 m. In March and June (rainiest months), ebb tide currents reached a maximal of 0.4 m/s. Tidal cycle was weakly asymmetric with the ebb tide lasting up to 6 hours 40 minutes. Wave energy was slightly modulated by the low tide due to wave attenuation on sand banks. Water temperature was relatively homogeneous (27.4ºC to 29.3ºC). Salinity varied from 5.7 (June) to 37.4 (November). The water was well oxygenated (up to 9.17 mg/L), turbid (up to 118 nephelometric turbidity units), alkaline (up to 8.68), and eutrophic (maximum of 2.36 μmol/L for nitrite, 24.34 μmol/L for nitrate, 0.6 μmol/L for phosphate, and 329.7 μmol/L for silicate), and it presented high concentrations of chlorophyll a (up to 82 mg/m³). The natural conditions observed in the present study indicate the need for a review of the hydrologic criteria used for the evaluation of beaches by national and international agencies and their adaptation to the reality of the Amazon Coast. The lack of a public sanitation system has led to bacteriologic contamination and the loss of water quality. With respect to morphodynamic state, dissipative conditions were found during high and moderate hydrodynamic energy (equinoctial and nonequinoctial condition), but in November the highest wave heights generated barred dissipative characteristic, whereas during the other months non-barred characteristics dominated. Thus, this study shows that the model proposed by Masselink & Short (1993) seems to be ideal to be applied to beaches with similar characteristics to the studied beach, where wave energy is modulated by the presence of sand banks in some stages of the tide.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de metodologia para regionalização de curvas de permanência de vazões na Amazônia legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The absence or failure of hydrometric data with long and reliable series, by factors of physical and / or economic order, is one of the main challenges faced in hydrological studies. In order to work around this problem, in this thesis, the application of regionalization method of flow duration curve was proposed. In this context, the main idea was to divide the region of the Amazon in homogeneous regions defined by the methods of hierarchical cluster analysis of Ward and diffuse Fuzzy C-Means, and for each, formulate regional models of flow duration curves. For both methods of the Euclidean distance cluster analysis was used as a similarity measure, and the explanatory variables the flow (drainage area, mean annual precipitation, length and slope of the river), as input data. We obtained four homogeneous regions through the Ward method and 14 regions by Fuzzy C-Means. Duration curves were constructed for each of the 214 gauged stations distributed in their respective regions, and calibrated according to 6 mathematical models (linear, power, exponential, logarithmic, quadratic and cubic). For each homogeneous region formed by cluster analysis methods, a regional model of flow rates of duration curves using multiple regression analysis was formulated, relating the parameters of the best model calibrated with the physical characteristics (drainage area, length and slope of the river) and climate (average annual precipitation) basins. The obtained regional models were validated by the method Jack-Knife cross validation. The performance indices found – values of NASH ≥ 0,75 in over 62% of cases, standing in the performance range from acceptable to good – showed that the Fuzzy C-Means method was the most suitable for the formation of homogeneous regions of flow. The regional models developed for each of the regions formed, are presented as a good option for modeling of flow duration curve for medium and small basins without flow data in the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribution and isotopic composition of lead in bottom sediments from the hydrographic system of Belém, Pará (western margin of Guajará Bay and Carnapijó River)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06) OLIVEIRA, Elma Costa; LAFON, Jean Michel; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; CARVALHO, Jully Hellen dos Santos
This study first aimed to evaluate the effect of human activities on the distribution of lead within the estuarine system of Belém, Pará. This was achieved by studying the concentration and isotopic signature of Pb in bottom sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay and from Carnapijó River, an area removed from the influence of the city of Belém. Secondly, the contribution of suspended matter in the transportation of anthropogenic Pb in Guajará Bay was evaluated. Third, the content and background isotopic signature of Pb in the hydrographic system of Belém was determined. Isotopic signatures of sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay confirm an anthropogenic contribution of Pb throughout the entire bay. The Pb accumulation process has become more efficient over the last 10 years, and this can be attributed to the rapid population growth of Belém city. Sediments in Carnapijó River are not affected by human activities, and the average concentration values (Pb = 19.6 ± 3.7 mg kg-1) and isotopic signatures (206Pb/207Pb = 1.196 ± 0.004) confirm the background Pb values previously proposed for the river system in the Belém region. The isotopic signatures of suspended matter on the eastern (206Pb/207Pb = 1.188) and western (206Pb/207Pb = 1.174) margins of Guajará Bay show that suspended matter is an efficient Pb transportation mechanism of domestic and industrial wastewater from Belém to the western margin of the Bay due to tidal effects at the confluence with Guamá River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evapotranspiration from Remote Sensing to Improve the Swat Model in Eastern Amazonia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12) SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; CASTRO, Nilza Maria dos Reis; BOTELHO, Marcel do Nascimento; SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de
In this study, we estimated the evapotranspiration from orbital images - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) for assimilation in the hydrological modeling of the SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tools) model. The data used include the period between October 2003 and December 2006 of the sub-basin of the Lajeado River, located in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin in Tocantins state. Overall, the results of the use of heat flows estimated by remote sensors in the SWAT model can be considered satisfactory. The values of the COE (coefficient of efficiency of Nash-Sutcliffe) ranged from -0.40 to 0.91 in the comparison with the daily flow data and from 0.17 to 0.77 with the monthly flow data, with the assimilation of evapotranspiration from orbital images. These results indicate benefit to the model adjustment due to improvement in the data assimilated of approximately 0.91 in the COE on daily scale and 0.60 in the CEO on monthly scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evento extremo de chuva-vazão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12) CUNHA, Alan Cavalcanti da; VILHENA, Jefferson Erasmo De Souza; SANTOS, Eldo Silva Dos; SARAIVA, Jaci Maria Bilhalva; KUHN, Paulo Afonso Fischer; BRITO, Daímio Chaves; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; CUNHA, Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque; BRITO, Alaan Ubaiara; BRASIL JUNIOR, Antonio Cesar Pinho; PACA, Victor Hugo da Motta; SANTOS, Paula Verônica Campos Jorge
The objective of this investigation was to analyse the extreme river flows which have occurred between 9 and 14 April 2011 in the Rio Araguari-AP. The methodology consisted of three main steps: 1) re-analysis of precipitation estimated by the BRAMS (Brazilian Development in Regional Atmospheric Model System) model using the synoptic of the same period as support, 2) analysis of streamflow in sections of hydrological monitoring in Porto Platon, Capivari and Serra do Navio (ADCP-Accustic Profiller Doppler Current); 3) statistic analysis of the time series of maximum river flows in Porto Platon using Gumbel distribution. It was observed that the BRAMS system partially captured the standard precipitation when compared with the synoptic analysis and literature data, but the extreme hydrological responses representation still needs an optimization. In Porto Platon a flow record of 4036 m3 /s was recorded, whose behavior was analyzed from the perspective of the available monitoring mechanisms in the State. It was concluded that such extreme events are poorly detectable and offer considerable risks to users of the basin. The stream flow prediction based on available hydrological series was 100 years recurrence, but the analysis have revealed that this period would be 360 years, indicating significant deficiency of the prediction system of extreme events in the State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação de mistura de águas entre o sistema Barreiras e Pirabas com base na assinatura isotópica de Estrôncio (Sr) e hidrogeoquímica em Ananindeua, Belém e backgrounds em Benevides e Capanema, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-31) OLIVEIRA FILHO, Olavo Bilac Quaresma; GALARZA TORO, Marco Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8979250766799749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-4737
Until the 70's was believed that the northeastern region of Para, as well as other areas of Cenozoic age in Brazil was stable, without evidence of recent tectonics. However, field investigations and remote sensing analysis identified features and tectonic structures that characterize the neotectonic process this region. Concomitant with the above studies were performed in water in the metropolitan area of Belem and demonstrate the vulnerability of aquifers deeper by neotectonic processes, suggesting mixing between Barreiras and Pirabas aquifers. Results obtained from the seasonal variation reveal distinct hydrogeochemical characteristics, the parameters pH (4,27 to 6,19 in Barreiras; 7,00 to 8,02 in Pirabas), Electrical Conductivity (11,1 to 92,2 μS/cm in Barreiras; 222-406 μS/cm in Pirabas), Total Dissolved Solids (10-87 mg/l in Barreiras, 105-181 mg/l in Pirabas), Cl- (0,18 to 0,42 meq/l in Barreiras; 0,05 to 0,12 meq/l in Pirabas), Na+ (0,24 to 0,50 meq/l in Barreiras; 0,05 to 0,18 meq/l in Pirabas), Mg2+ (0,001 to 0,061 meq/l in Barreiras; from 0,68 to 0,128 meq/l in Pirabas), Ca2+ (0,01 to 0,33 meq/l in Barreiras; 1,78 to 2,53 meq/l in Pirabas) and Sr2+ (0,0002 to 0,0066 meq/l in Barreiras; 0,016 to 0.023 meq/l in Pirabas), all data with considerable variation between the aquifer systems. The analysis results from the correlation matrix between the aquifer systems in dry and wet periods showed correlation coefficients (r) above 0,8 on various parameters studied, suggesting a direct contribution from the aquifers. Regarding the hydrogeochemical facies are divided in two types: 1) Barreiras aquifer, dry period, the samples behave as water-type Cl--Na+, divided in two types Cl-Na-Ca-SO4 and Cl-Fe-Na; while it have water during the rainy season of the type Cl-Na-Ca-SO4-Cl and Cl-Na-Ca, pointed to lower stability of this aquifer and its facie typically input of meteoric water, changing the type of water as the water cycle and 2) Pirabas aquifer, both in the dry season and the rainy behaved like water typeHCO3-Ca, showing great stability of hydrogeochemistry facie. The diagram Schöller type composition for Barreiras and Pirabas aquifers, from 10% hydrogeochemistry modeling indicates mixture of these samples aquifers. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic show in general the waters of Barreiras aquifer are more radiogenic (continental) that the aquifer Pirabas (Navy). It’s noteworthy that during the rainy season in general there is homogeneity in the isotopic ratios obtained (below 0,71), corroborated by the isotope ratio of rainwater (0,705316), suggesting mixing between aquifers studied. As the scatter plots of 87Sr/86Sr-STD is possible to see the type of process that controls the aquifer (in the Barreiras case shows the weathering of the silicate, while in Pirabas shows the dissolution of the calcite). The results of discriminant analysis using isotopic and hydrogeochemical parameters (87Sr/86Sr-Cl--SO4 2--K+-Mg2+) suggest an excellent breakdown of Barreiras and Pirabas samples during the rainy season, as well as analyzes using PCA (87Sr/86Sr) and (87Sr/86Sr-SO4 2--K+)indicate mixtures between the aquifer systems in the rainy season. The combined results of isotopic and hydrogeochemical parameters in dry and rainy season based on the Sr isotopic signature, multivariate statistics, Schöller diagram and correlation analyzes suggest mixing processes, especially in the rainy season between Barreiras and Pirabas aquifers, corroborating structural studies. They indicate the mobility of water in these aquifers mix, mainly by neotectonic features existing in the metropolitan region of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem Hidrológica Estocástica Aplicada ao Rio Tocantins para a Cidade de Marabá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03) CÂMARA, Renata Kelen Cardoso; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; PROTÁZIO, João Marcelo Brazão; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; RIBEIRO, Wanda Maria do Nascimento; SIQUEIRA, Ionara Santos; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de
Hydrology studies show that it is possible to avoid natural disasters through the proper use of hydrological forecasts. In this work we used the Box-Jenkins Methodology (Time Series Analysis) to model the daily level of the Tocantins river in the city of Maraba - PA, in order to predict floods caused by its regular increase, an event that usually puts the resident population of risk areas in vulnerable situations. For the study, we used the daily levels of data observed in gauged stations of Maraba and Carolina and Conceição do Araguaia National Water Agency (ANA), the period of 01/12/2008 to 31/03/2011. It was evident that the adjusted model was able to capture the dynamics of time series with good prognosis for a period of seven days with a maximum absolute error of 0.08 m and with precision in forecasting over 99%. The forecasting model showed good results and can then be used as support tools for Civil Defense, assisting in the planning and preparation of preventive actions for the city of Maraba.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem hidrológica para extremos de inundações e secas para o município de Boa Vista em Roraima.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-24) CARVALHO, Adriana Alves de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The present research is based on statistical methods applied as an analysis tool in the study of the interaction between ocean and atmosphere in the up and down behavior of the Branco river in Boa Vista. Individual associations for years of floods and droughts conditioned to the oceanic component, evaluated by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the monitored areas of Niño 1 + 2, Niño 3.4, Niño 3, Niño 4 and North Atlantic Tropical (ATN); (PD) and Tahiti (PT) regions were evaluated through the acquisition of monthly climatic data from the Climate Prediction Center in 1982-2016. These associations aimed to investigate if these areas present favorable indicatives for extreme years of floods and droughts. Significant correlations were found above 0.5 in most flood and drought events in the following areas: Niño 1 + 2, Tropical Atlantic North, both with a lag time of 4 months, and the Darwin and Tahiti regions, but the effects of these variables to change the fluviometric regime of the White River in Boa Vista is 6 months. This information obtained through the calculation of the correlation coefficient (r) allowed the use of the Least Squares Method to model the prediction of the variability of flood and drought events induced by the seasonality of the Branco river. The long-term trends and numerical oscillations reproduced by the model for both scenarios were compared with the level measurements for the period 2011-2016. The results showed good performance of the model, with a percentage error of 30% for the prediction of drought events and 34% for those of floods, thus indicating that the selected input components exert a great contribution in the predictability of hydrological extremes in Boa Vista. Given this, it is suggested that this study can become operational in the monitoring centers of the state of Roraima, as a tool to support planning actions in the period of floods and droughts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo vazão-velocidade para avaliação de potencial hidrocinético
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-25) CRUZ, Josias da Silva; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The Brazilian hydrological information network provides daily flow data; however, daily velocity information is not available in historical series. The inventory of river velocities is important for many applications, and one of them is the study of hydrokinetic potential, including downstream of hydroelectric plants. Therefore, the work proposes a model called Flow-Velocity that determines the average daily velocity, the geometric form and the distribution of the logarithmic velocity profile of the cross section of rivers from daily flow data. The model was initially applied in a small river basin with flow data and the validation was performed using the mean square error (RMSE), the relative mean square error (RRMSE), the standard deviation of observation (RSR) and the percentage of bias PBIAS. Subsequently, the model was applied to the river basins of the Amazonas, São Francisco and Paraná rivers (Brazil's largest basins), using the highest and lowest flows in the historical series. The highest and lowest average speed found in the Amazon River was 2.27 ms-1 and 0.735 ms-1 in the Óbidos cross-section for a flow of 266 897 m³s-1 and 72 480 m³-1, respectively. The main contributors to the Amazon River, with the exception of the Trombetas, Madeira and Xingu rivers, present average daily speeds below 2 ms-1 for the flood period, but in the dry season the average daily speeds of all are below 0.5 ms-1. The São Francisco river, in the transversal sections studied along its length, presents velocities between 3.09 ms-1 to 1.68 ms-1 for the period of flood and in the period of drought the speeds are between 0,44 ms-1 to 0,12 ms-1. In the Paraná River, velocities are between 2.17 ms-1 to 1.50 ms-1 and 0,59 ms-1 to 0,12 ms-1 for the greater and smaller flow, in due order. It was verified that the Amazon river has hydrokinetic potential that can be explored all year round. In the São Francisco basin, it is only in the period of higher flows that there is potential for the installation of hydrokinetic turbines, similar to the Paraná river basin. Of course, at points in rivers where there are hydroelectric plants, this assessment should change due to the dispatch of power plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra e o comportamento hidrológico da bacia do rio Capim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The implications of changes in land use and land cover affect the hydrological behavior of river basins; In this context, the catchment area of the Capim River located in the northeast of the State of Pará is inserted. The objective of this study was to relate the flow behavior with changes in land use and land cover for the years 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2014. For this, land use and land cover data from the TerraClass project was used to identify the proportion of the classes in the basin and in the APPs; for the evaluation of the hydrological behavior the average monthly flow and the quarters of higher and lower flow were analyzed, besides the spatialization and the behavior of the precipitation in the period from 1983 to 2014. The results indicate a reduction in the forest class for the Capim river basin , and an increase in the pasture and agriculture classes, but in the APPs an increase of the forest class was identified in the period from 2004 to 2014. There was a high correlation, both for the uses and coverages of the whole basin and for only the APPs of the resources between the forest and pasture classes with the flows of the Capim river. The analysis of the basin landscape showed an increase in forest fragmentation, and the metrics with the highest correlation with the flow behavior were total forest edge (TE) metrics, pasture aggregation index (AI) and intercalation index, and juxtaposition (IJI) and AI of agriculture; indicating that the fragmentation of the forest cover of the basin and expansion of the areas destined to pasture has been reflected in the behavior of the flow.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Previsão estocástica de nível fluviométrico para cidade de Marabá-PA: método de Box-Jenkins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-30) CÂMARA, Renata Kelen Cardoso; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Marabá-PA city, located in the Amazon region, Southeast of Pará State, suffer annually with flood events, caused by periodic increase of Tocantins River and vulnerability of the population living in risk areas. State and municipal civil defense plans and annually prepare teams for actions to defend the city. At this stage the monitoring and prediction of flood events are importants. Therefore, in order to reduce errors in hydrological forecasts for Marabá city, developed a stochastic model to predict the level of Tocantins River, based on the methodology of Box and Jenkins. Used data from daily levels observed in the hydrological stations of National Water Agency (ANA) at Marabá, Carolina and Conceição do Araguaia, from 01/12/2008 to 31/03/2011. We conducted the adjustment of three models (Mt, Nt e Yt), using different statistical applications: SAS and Gretl, using different interpretations of the behavior of the series to generate models equations. The main difference between the applications is that the SAS uses the model of transfer function modeling. There was a sort of variable water level, through the technique of quantiles for the period 1972 to 2011, examining only levels categorizations and MUCH ABOVE ABOVE normal. For analysis of socioeconomic impacts were used the data of the shares of Civil Defense State of Pará in the floods of 2009 and 2011. The results showed that the number of events filled with much higher levels than normal, generally, may be associated with La Niña events. Another important result: generated models represented well the level of the river for seven days (from 04/01/2011 to 04/07/2011). The multivariate model Nt (with small errors) represented the behavior of original series, underestimating the real values on days 3, 4 and 5 April 2011, with a maximum error of 0.28 on day 4. The univariate model (Yt) had good results in simulations with absolute errors of around 0.12 m. The model with the lowest absolute error (0.08 m) for the same period was the model Mt, application developed by SAS, who plays the original series as nonlinear and non stationary. Quantitative analysis of the impacts fluviometric, floods occurred in 2009 and 2011 at Marabá city, revealed that on average more than 4000 families suffer from these events, implicated in high financial costs. Therefore, concludes that the levels forecast models are important tools that the Civil Defense, uses in the planning and preparation of preventive actions for the city of Marabá.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Previsão hidrológica de cheia sazonal do rio Xingu em Altamira-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-26) FRANCO, Vânia dos Santos; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
Hydrologic models can be considered as a tool developed to represent the behavior of the hydrographic basin, predict future conditions and/or simulate hypothetic situations with the intent of evaluatins impacts of alterations. The socioeconomic impacts these of alterations (flooding; for example), and natural disasters normally affect less favored population groups. The present work investigated the climatologic aspects of the hydrologic regime of the river Xingu, including the elaboration of a statistical model for the prediction of seasonal floods in the municipality of Altamira-PA. In addition, it investigates the degree of social vulnerability associated to these conditions of floods in the municipality of Altamira. The results showed that a peak of floods occurs between the months of March and May (MAM) and the gaging variability is dependent of precipitation at the Xingu (in the states of Pará and Mato Grosso), as well of the pattern Pacific and Atlantic TSS that influence the bands of convective clouds of the ASCZ and ITCZ. The statistical hydrologic prediction model of the Xingu River in Altamira-PA, developed through multiple linear regression, presented significant correlation between variables, value considered adequate and good for coefficient Nash and Sutcliffe and low error to predict the quota of seasonal floods (MAM) of the municipality, taking in to account the predictor variables (explanatory) TSS and precipitation, because accompanied the observed quota. Through the index of social vulnerability (IVS) the vulnerability of Altamira in 2000 census as moderate write ik 2010 it was as low rated, what May not correspond to the current situation of the municipality given the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulation of flow in the Capim River (PA) using the SWAT Model
(Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2019-01) NUNES, Hildo Giuseppe Garcia Caldas; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; SANTOS, Joyse Tatiane Souza dos
Flow in the Capim River watershed, located in the state of Pará, Brazil, was estimated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in order to determine its use efficiency. The meteorological data (from 2000 to 2010) were collected from an automatic station located in the municipality of Paragominas. The pluviometric and fluviometric data are available at the National Water Agency (ANA) website. Overall results show Efficiency Coefficient (Eff) values of 0.65 (for sub-basin 5) and 0.87 for the entire investigated period. The results also show a reduction in Eff estimation error, which started from over-estimation of 219.18% and declined to underestimation of 18% (in sub-basin 5). In summary, validation of the SWAT model was successful after adjusting the sensors during the calibration phase. Thereby, this model can be used in other studies evaluating river basins.