Navegando por Assunto "Hipocampo (Cérebro)"

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Alterações da formação hipocampal do Calidris pusilla associadas à migração outonal de longa distância
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-31) MAGALHÃES, Nara Gyzely de Morais; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
After breeding in the upper Arctic tundra, shorebirds affected by migratory restlessness trace an inherited preliminary route and use compasses, maps and visual landmarks, until they reach, in the northern hemisphere, stopover sites that have the necessary nutritional resources for fast and high gain of energy reserves for migratory journey, as in the Bay of Fundy-Canada. Following this stopover site that is used by 75% of the population of Calidris pusilla, the long-distance autumn migratory experience continues with uninterrupted 6-day non-stop flights over the Atlantic until these birds reach South America and then the island of Canela-Brazil. To test the hypothesis that the long-distance migratory process would influence neurogenesis, astrogenesis and activation of earlier-expression genes, we captured 12 individuals in full migratory activity in the Bay of Fundy and 9 individuals in the Island of Canela in Brazil. After selective immunostaining for mature neurons (NeuN), immature neurons (Dcx), astrocytes (GFAP), and neuronal activation by early genes (c-Fos), we quantified these markers in the hippocampal formation and compared the results of this quantification of the individuals in migration (Bay of Fundy) with those of wintering birds (Canela Island). We used quantitative stereological analyzes to estimate the total number of cells of hippocampal formation, number of active cells, total number of astrocytes and young and mature neurons. To verify if the differences found were statistically significant, we used the Student t test. Our results confirmed that autumnal migration alone, caused hippocampal changes in Calidris pusilla. After migration, we detected that the hippocampal formation has fewer activated cells and fewer astrocytes, more new neurons and greater relative volume in the quantified hemisphere (left hemisphere). However, this process did not influence the number of total cells and mature neurons. We suggest that the difference found between the volume and number of new neurons, of the full migration and wintering individuals, possibly occurred due to the migratory process in combination with local conditions found during the beginning of the wintering period. Taken together our findings demonstrate long-distance migratory shorebirds offer a unique opportunity to investigate many issues related to the cellular neurobiology of migration in general, and, on the neural plasticity associated with hippocampal neuronal and neurogenesis in adult birds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica de astrócitos da formação hipocampal de maçaricos da espécie calidris pusilla durante a migração e em período de invernada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-12) PAULO, Dario Carvalho; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla (C. pusilla) is a long-distance migrant shorebird that leaves every year, its breeding habitats in the southern tundra in Canada and Alaska, escaping from winter, towards the coastal line in South America. Before they cross the Atlantic Ocean, they stopover Bay of Fundy on the Atlantic coast of North America, where they increase triglycerides in adipose tissue, to attend the vigorous energetic demands of the 5,300-kilometer non-stop flight over the ocean. Because bioenergetic and redox activity of astrocytes would be under intense demand to sustain neuronal activity and survival during long-distance transatlantic migration, we hypothesize that astrocytes morphological changes may become readily visible in the wintering birds. To test this hypothesis, GFAP immunolabeled astrocytes were selected from sections of the hippocampal formation, an area that has been proposed to play a central role in the integration of multisensory spatial information for navigation. We quantified and compared hippocampal three-dimensional morphological features of astrocytes of adult migrating, captured on the Bay of Fundy, Canada, with hippocampal astrocytes from birds captured in the coastal region of Bragança, Brazil, during the wintering period. To select astrocytes for microscopic 3D reconstructions we used a random and systematic unbiased sampling approach. Using hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of 3D morphometric features to classify astrocytes, we found two morphological phenotypes (designated types I and II) both in migrating and wintering individuals. Although in remarkable different extent, the morphological complexities of both types of astrocytes were reduced after long-distance non-stop flight. Indeed, birds captured in the coastal region of Bragança, Brazil, during the wintering period, showed less complex astrocytic morphology than individuals captured in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, during fall migration. Because the reduction in complexity was much more intense in type I than in type II astrocytes, we suggest that these distinct morphological phenotypes may be associated with different physiological roles during migration. Indeed, as compared to type I, most type II astrocytes did not change significantly their morphology after the long-distance flight and many of them (72.5%) revealed unequivocally connection with blood vessels, whereas type I revealed only 27.5%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da exposição crônica ao etanol da adolescência à fase adulta em ratos sobre o processo mnemônico e na densidade celular no hipocampo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-30) OLIVEIRA, Maria Cristina Souza Pereira; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101
The central nervous system is vulnerable to the action of several substances including these are psychoactive substances such as ethyl alcohol or ethanol, which is consumed by mankind for a long time and is associated with a range of medical social problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the neurobehavioral alterations and tissue from exposure to ethanol from adolescence to adulthood on the hippocampus. For this, 30 Wistar rats were evaluated distributed into control and ethanol, which upon reaching 35 days of age (adolescence) received by gavage ethanol at a dose of 6.5 g/Kg/day for 90 days (adulthood ). After this period, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests of open field, social recognition and avoidance for evaluation and subsequently perfused tissue through histological processing by violet cresila. Were collected and processed sections of 50 μm, the samples were subjected to staining violet cresila. The results demonstrate a deficit in the parameters measured in the behavioral assays such as impairment in natural ambulation of the animal, the percentage of the number of quarters and time in the central core area which suggests anxiogenic-like behavior, increase in exploratory activity surveying related to animal. Observed impairment in the development of mnemonic processes with reduced memory retention of short and long term as well as in social recognition. Regarding the treatment histologically observed decrease in cell density in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These results indicate that chronic exposure to ethanol from adolescence to adulthood disrupts behavioral aspects related to the limbic system, the hippocampus where it entered.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Em direção à costa brasileira fugindo do inverno: rotas migratórias contrastantes e plasticidade diferencial dos astrócitos hipocampais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-04) OLIVEIRA, Marcus Augusto de; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
One of the largest seasonal events on the planet is the migration of birds from the Arctic to the southern hemisphere fleeing from winter and returning to the Arctic during the spring to the breeding season. Billions of individuals need to remember the routes learned during this epic journey and find the same places to rest and feeding. These birds can navigate thousands of miles with great accuracy, utilizing their spatial and temporal memories associated with the hippocampus, a key area for accomplishing this task. Recently, we have shown that the semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla, after crossing the Atlantic towards the coast of South America, revealed significant changes in its hippocampal astrocytes. In fact, the hippocampal astrocytes of birds captured on the coast of Bragança in Brazil, compared with those of the hippocampus of individuals caught in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, were less numerous and exhibited shrunken branches. In the present work, we used another semipalmated shorebird, Charadrius semipalmatus, which, although having the same start and end points of C. pusilla migration, uses a different migratory strategy, performing a flight over the continent with stops for rest and feeding. Taking advantage of the opportunity offered by contrasting migratory flights, we tested the hypothesis that wintering bird species of the C. semipalmatus caught on the coast of Bragança (Brazil) would show greater morphological complexities than the hippocampal astrocytes of these migratory birds captured in the Bay of Fundy (Canada). Since the stands for food and rest, as well as the constant change in the landscape would constitute an enriched environment of multisensory stimuli, we expected to find in the individuals of C. semipalmatus captured in Bragança, an increase of the complexity, in opposition to the reduction in complexity previously found in C. pusilla. To test this hypothesis, we compared the three-dimensional (3-D) morphological characteristics of the adult C. semipalmatus astrocytes captured in the Bay of Fundy (n = 265 cells) with those of wintering birds captured in the coastal region of Bragança, Brazil, (n = 242 cells), and compared with the results obtained with C. pusilla. The Neurolucida program was used for three-dimensional reconstructions and the hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method) was used to classify cells. This analysis showed two families of astrocytes, which we designated Type I and Type II, based on several morphological characteristics. Contrary to our expectations, Type I and Type II phenotypes showed, on average, independently of the species, lower morphological complexity after migration, and this reduction was significantly higher in Type I than in Type II. The magnitudes of these changes were significantly higher in C. pusilla than in C. semipalmatus. Taken together, these findings suggest that contrasting long-distance migratory flight strategies may differentially affect the astrocyte morphology and that distinct astrocyte morphologies may be associated with different functional roles during migration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enriquecimento ambiental reduz as alterações astrocitárias e a progressão da doença prion em modelo murino: ensaios morfométricos, estereológicos e comportamentais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-26) TORRES NETO, João Bento; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
It is well established that a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid deposits, neuronal loss, reactive gliosis, and vacuolization of the neuropil. Prion disease has been widely used as an experimental model for studying cellular and molecular aspects of chronic neurodegeneration much similar to that described in Alzheimer's disease. The impoverished environment of standard laboratory cages have been used to mimic a sedentary life whereas enriched environment has been used to mimic an active lifestyle. To test the hypothesis that an enriched environment can help to slow down the time course of chronic neurodegeneration associated with prion disease we induced prion disease in twenty Swiss albino female mice which had been housed at six months of age in an enriched environment (EE) or in a standard (SE) environment for five months. After this period bilateral stereotactic intracerebral injection of normal (NBH, n = 10) or infected brain homogenate (ME7, n = 10) were done. Infected brain homogenate was obtained from mice with clinical signs of terminal prion disease. The injected animals returned to their cages and housing conditions and grouped as follow: SE = NBH 5, EE = NBH 5, ME7 SE = 5, ME7 EE = 5. After three weeks post-injections the burrowing test was initiated. Burrowing is a sensitive task to hippocampal damage. 18 weeks after inoculation memory tests of object recognition was carried out. After behavioral tests animals were euthanized and their brains were histologically processed targeting astrocytic immunostaining of areas of interest. The progressive reduction of the activity of burrowing began in the thirteenth week after injection in group ME7 SE but only in the fifteenth week in ME7 EE group. The ability to recognize the displaced object in spatial memory test was impaired in ME7 SE group but remained normal in the other experimental groups. The test of discrimination between the new object and the family revealed no abnormalities. Quantitative analysis of GFAP immunostained cells were performed in the dorsal stratum radiatum of CA3 and in the polymorphic layer of the dorsal dentate gyrus. The stereological estimates of the total number of astrocytes and the volume of the cell body revealed that the number of astrocytes did not change but a significant hypertrophy occurs in CA3 cell bodies of ME7 SE and ME7 EE groups as compared to their respective controls. The average volume of the cell bodies of the ME7 EE group was smaller than that of the group ME7 SE. However similar analysis applied to the polymorphic layer revealed a significant increase in the number of astrocytes in the ME7 SE group in relation to NBH SE group and in ME7 EE compared to NBH EE. The volume of the cell body was also significantly higher in ME7 groups compared to their respective control groups. The three-dimensional morphometric analysis revealed significant increase in volume and surface area of the segments of astrocytic trees in diseased groups compared to controls. Environmental enrichment reduced swelling observed in the branches of ME7 group and increased the number of intersections of the distal branches in NBH EE group relative to NBH SE and the proximal branches in the group ME7 EE compared with ME7 SE. The use of cluster analysis and discriminant allowed the identification of morphometric parameters that contributed most to the distinction between the groups. To test the hypothesis that there are subfamilies of morphologically distinct astrocytes within each experimental group, we applied cluster and discriminant analysis to each experimental group and these analysis resulted in the formation of two distinct families in NBH SE group, three families in NBH EE and ME7 EE groups and four families in the ME7 SE group. The molecular and cellular changes, which lead to the formation of new families of astrocytes, and to the neuroprotection associated with an enriched environment slowing down the progression of the prion disease, remain to be investigated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Envelhecimento, declínio cognitivo e plasticidade astroglial em ca3
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-18) TOKUHASHI, Tatyana Pereira; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
A few studies investigated in detail possible relationships between aging cognitive decline and hippocampal astroglial plasticity. In the present report we investigated in murine model possible relationships between performances in object recognition tests and the astrocytes laminar distribution in CA3. To do so, young (6 months old, n = 7) and old (20 months old, n= 5) C57Bl6 mice, were maintained in standard cages and assessed in object recognition hippocampal-dependent tasks. Isolated or integrated (episodic-like memory) tests were applied and revealed that object identity (What?), place (Where?) and time (When?), were impaired in old subjects, whereas in young mice only spatial memory was impaired. After behavioral tests all subjects were sacrificed and perfused with aldehyde fixatives had their brains removed and processed for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry, a selective marker for astrocytes. To avoid sample bias we used the optical fractionator, a stereological method that is no affected by histological procedures. The results on behavioral isolated or integrated tests revealed that aging significantly impairs object, spatial and time recognition (two-tail t-test, p<0.05). As compared to young subjects, old mice showed laminar changes in the astrocytes distribution with proportional increase of the astrocytes number in the pyramidal layer of dorsal and ventral CA3 and a reduction in the lacunosum molecular layer of dorsal CA3. Coherently, the total number of CA3 astrocytes showed significant reorganization of its laminar distribution as a function of age with reduction of its numbers in the stratum oriens. No significant differences were detected in the mean values of laminar volumes suggesting that aging induced changes directly affected astroglial plasticity in CA3. Finally, a linear inverse correlation was found between the estimations of pyramidal cell layer astrocytes and performances in the behavioral tasks. Further direct evidences of this correlation with altered CA3 astrocytes and possible molecular mechanisms to explain aging cognitive decline remains to be investigated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação crônica experimental com alumínio: padrões degenerativos, comportamentais e terapia experimental com magnésio após lesão hipocampal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-17) SILVA JÚNIOR, Ademir Ferreira da; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Experimental evidence suggests that aluminum is a neurotoxic agent with harmful effects on cognitive processes. In this study, we investigated the behavioral, biochemical and histopathological effects of chronic intoxication with aluminum citrate on the hippocampus of adult rats, in the same time investigated experimental therapy treatment with magnesium for reversing the neuropathological changes. We used 70 male Wistar rats of 200-250 g that were divided in groups as follows: control, sodium citrate (CNa), aluminum citrate (CAl), aluminum citrate + magnesium sulphate (CAl+Mg), sodium citrate + sulfate magnesium (Mg+CNa). The dose used of aluminum citrate was 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate. The neurotoxic compound was taken orally for 30 days. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests of open field, Rota Rod, social recognition and the elevated T maze (LTE). Furthermore, aluminum levels in plasma and hippocampus of animals was found by atomic absorption spectrometer graphite furnace (GF AAS), biochemical analysis, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for GFAP. It was found that the CAl group showed increase locomotor activity in the open field test compared to the control group, and CAl+Mg group showed a decrease (P <0.001). In memory tests of LTE and social Recognition, the CAl group showed cognitive deficits in relation to other groups, and CAl+Mg group performed well in the test (P <0.001). Aluminum levels found in the hippocampus of CAl group were considerably higher but in the other groups the levels were below to the detection limit of the equipment. Histopathology and imunistochemistry analysis in CAl group showed decreased in cell density and astrocytic reactivity in layers CA1, CA3 and hilus of the hippocampus. These results suggest that the experimental poisoning with aluminum citrate induce deficits of learning and memory and that the administration of magnesium sulphate may have the ability to minimize the damage caused by metal in the hippocampus of intoxicated animals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memória espacial e morfometria tridimensional da micróglia de CA1 e do giro denteado do Cebus apella
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-25) SANTOS FILHO, Carlos; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
This study aims to investigate possible correlations between the morphology of microglia in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus and cognitive performances in individual tests of learning and spatial memory in Cebus apella. Due to the good performance of Cebus apella in hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks, we used selected tests of Cantab battery successfully used in Old World non-human primates and man. To adapt individuals to the touch screen and to assess spatial learning and memory, Motor Screening Test (MOT) and Paired Associated Learning Test (PAL) were used respectively. To detect possible correlations between microglial morphology and individual performances in the spatal learning and memory tasks, it was necessary to reconstruct and analyze microglial morphological details from the middle and outer one-thirds of the dentate gyrus molecular layer and from the lacunosum molecular layer of CA1, employing three dimensional microscopy. The definition of the boundaries and layers of CA1 and dentate gyrus employed architectural criteria previously defined. For selective microglia immunostaining, it was used polyclonal antibody against the adapter binding ionized calcium Iba -1 protein (anti- Iba1). The occurrence of clusters after multivariate statistical analysis based on microglial morphometric parameters allowed the distinction of at least two major morphological groups of microglia in all individuals. The spatial learning rate and some of the morphometric parameters of microglia from dentate gyrus revealed significant linear and non-linear correlations. In contrast, CA1 did not show any correlation between microglial morphology and behavior. Based on the present and previous studies we suggest that the correlation between cognitive performances and complexity of morphological glial features is not an exclusive attribute of astrocytes and that microglial morphology of the molecular layer of dentate gyrus may be indirectly associated to the performance of individual tests of spatial memory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Microglia and neurons in the hippocampus of migratory sandpipers
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11) DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; MAGALHÃES, Nara Gyzely de Morais; SOUSA, Aline Andrade de; SANTOS FILHO, Carlos; DINIZ, Daniel Guerreiro; LIMA, Camila Mendes de; OLIVEIRA, Marcus Augusto de; PAULO, Dario Carvalho; PEREIRA, Patrick Douglas Corrêa; SHERRY, David Francis
The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla and the spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia are long- and short-distance migrants, respectively. C. pusilla breeds in the sub-arctic and mid-arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska and winters on the north and east coasts of South America. A. macularia breeds in a broad distribution across most of North America from the treeline to the southern United States. It winters in the southern United States, and Central and South America. The autumn migration route of C. pusilla includes a non-stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas autumn route of A. macularia is largely over land. Because of this difference in their migratory paths and the visuo-spatial recognition tasks involved, we hypothesized that hippocampal volume and neuronal and glial numbers would differ between these two species. A. macularia did not differ from C. pusilla in the total number of hippocampal neurons, but the species had a larger hippocampal formation and more hippocampal microglia. It remains to be investigated whether these differences indicate interspecies differences or neural specializations associated with different strategies of orientation and navigation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças morfológicas nos astrócitos hipocampais no período de invernada em Arenaria interpres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) COSTA, Emanuel Ramos da; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; DINIZ, Daniel Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3269424921125406; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-2165
Astrocytes are essential for lipid neuronal metabolism in long-distance uninterrupted migratory flights, when glucose is not available as the main source of energy. We previously demonstrated in Calidris pusilla that after uninterrupted 5 days transatlantic flight, astrocytes shrink and reduce its number in the hippocampal formation. Here we shifted our attention to the wintering period and tested the hypothesis that as the wintering progresses, hippocampal astrocytes morphological changes following Atlantic crossing, would be recovered. To that end we used Arenaria interpres, which also crosses the Atlantic Ocean and reaches the mangroves of the Amazon River estuary for wintering. Birds were captured in September/October (closer to the arrival in the coast of Bragança - Pará, Brazil for wintering) and in April/May (closer to the departure towards the breeding sites) and had their brains processed for selective GFAP-astrocyte immunolabeling. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the immunostained astrocytes were performed and morphological classification was done based on hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of multimodal morphometric features. We found two morphological phenotypes of astrocytes exhibiting distinct morphological complexities after the long-distance non-stop transatlantic flight. Although to a different extent, both morphotypes increased their complexities as wintering period progresses towards the pre-migration window. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the long-distance non-stop flight and wintering period differentially affected the two astrocytes morphotypes, suggesting distinct physiological roles for these cells. We suggest that morphological recovering during the wintering period, may be part of the adaptive changes of the local hippocampal circuits of A. interpres in preparation for the long journey back to their breeding sites in the north hemisphere.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Neuroecologia de aves da família charadriidae: estudos arquitetônicos, estereológicos e filogenéticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-29) PEREIRA, Patrick Douglas Corrêa; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; RÊGO, Péricles Sena do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2700468443907633
The species Charadrius semipalmatus and Charadrius collaris are from the Plovers group (Charadriidae Family). These species are migratory and non-migratory birds, respectively. In the migratory birds, the hippocampus is important to recover memories related to the stopping places, details about the breeding and the wintering grounds. The hippocampus plays an important role the processing of spatial memory in these organisms, making them excellent models to investigate the effect of behavior in this brain region.This work aims to investigate whether the hippocampal adaptive responses to migratory behavior are related to the migration and/or evolutionary pattern between migrant and non-migrant species of Charadrius genus. The individuals of C. collaris and C. semipalmatus were collected in islands of the coast using mist nets. The birds were measured, anesthetized, identified at species level using morphological features, had samples of muscle tissue collected and were transcardially perfused. The brain was cut in the coronal plane, the sections were stained by the Nissl technique and immunolabelled for NeuN, DCX and C-fos.Cell numbers, hippocampal volume and cell volume were estimated through the Optical Fractionator, Cavalieri Estimator and Nucleator, respectively. The total DNA was extracted for subsequent sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I fragment (COI) to generate phylogenetic trees of Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, genetic distance measurements and analyzes of phylogenetic independent contrasts. The results showed that the anatomy of the hippocampal formations observed in C. semipalmatus and C. collaris corroborate that observed for birds in general.The stereological results evidenced that the migratory species had higher volume of hippocampal formation, number of mature neurons and neurogenesis, when compared to non-migratory species, however there was no difference in the volume of neurons and C-fos positive cells. Molecular results showed no correlation between the characteristics of the hippocampal formation and the evolutionary distances between migrant and non-migrant birds, indicating that the differences in the number of cells as well as the volume of hippocampal formation do not occur due to the phylogenetic distance between the species. Therefore, the existence of neuroanatomic differences in the hippocampal formation of migrant birds is evident, excluding evolutionary factors as responsible for these architectural arrangements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Physalis angulata estimula proliferação de células-tronco neurais do giro denteado hipocampal de camundongos adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-07-01) NASCIMENTO, Marcos Vinicius Lebrego; BASTOS, Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2487879058181806
Aim: Newborn neurons emerge from neural stem cells (NSCs) from niches in the mammalian adult brain. These cells are incorporated into functional circuits and may be important to acquisition and retention of memory. Therefore, the search for new compounds that enhance proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus represent a significant scientific challenge with great promise. Methods and results: We have used aqueous extract from of the Physalis angulata on the neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of hipocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice using 5`-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-pulse chase method. Increased doses (0.1; 1; 5mg/Kg) of Physalis angulata were given to adult male BALB/c mice with 6 to 8-weeks-old; or 0.9% NaCl (control). Mice were sacrificed at 24 hours or 7 days after the BrdU administration, and hippocampal slices were processed for immunohistochemistry. We found that Physalis angulata did not modify the mice behavior at any dose used, but increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the subgranule zone of hipocampal dentate gyrus 24 hours or 7 days after injection. Physalis angulata not showed BrdU-positive cells out subgranule cell layer (ectopic neurogenesis). All procedures involving animal care and experimentation were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethical Committee for Research with Experimental Animals of the Universidade Federal do Pára (BIO058-12). Conclusion: These results suggest that SM2 could be stimulating the proliferation of neural stem cells in hipocampal dentate gyrus, and also sustain the hipocampal network because increases the BrdU-positive cells in differentiation process in the sub granular zone of hippocampus of adult mice.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Redução do volume hipocampal, perda neuronal e alterações gliais em ratos expostos cronicamente ao etanol da adolescência à fase adulta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-04) OLIVEIRA, Ana Carolina Alves de; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
O consumo de etanol (EtOH) é considerado um problema de saúde pública do Brasil e no mundo, sendo alvo de pesquisas epidemiológicas e de seus efeitos no organismo durante as várias etapas do desenvolvimento humano. Neste contexto, torna-se necessário o entendimento dos efeitos do EtOH no Sistema Nervoso Central, mais especificamente sobre a formação hipocampal, pois embora seja conhecida como uma estrutura particularmente sensível aos seus efeitos deletérios do EtOH, os mecanismos subjacentes aos efeitos de exposição crônica são pouco estabelecidos. O presente estudo objetiva verificar quais as repercussões da exposição crônica ao EtOH em ratos, desde a adolescência até a idade adulta, sobre os padrões morfométricos e morfologia hipocampal. Ratos Wistar, fêmeas, receberam EtOH por gavagem (6,5 g/kg/dia, 22,5% V/v), do 35º ao 90º dia pós-natal, sendo comparado com grupo controle, o qual recebeu apenas água destilada. Foi realizada análise morfométrica e estereológica, bem como histoquímica e imunoistoquímica. Para a marcação imunoistoquímica, utilizou-se os anticorpos Anti-NeuN, Anti-GFAP e Anti-Iba1. Verificou-se perda neuronal significativa em CA1 e hilo, com CA3, apresentando diminuição não significante no número de células Neu-N+. Também foi encontra redução significativa da população microglial em todas as áreas investigadas, com ativação destas células. Houve redução no número de astrócitos em animais expostos ao EtOH em todas as áreas, embora não de forma significativa em CA1. Análise estereológica evidenciou redução de volume na formação hipocampal de ratos expostos ao EtOH em relação ao grupo controle. Desta forma, conclui-se que animais expostos cronicamente ao EtOH, sofrem redução volumétrica e perdas neuronal e glial na formação hipocampal.