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Navegando por Assunto "History of science"

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    Ciências naturais no ensino profissional do Pará: : Instituto de Educando Artífices e Instituto Lauro Sodré (1870/1901)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-04) TEIXEIRA, Kelúbia Soares; ALVES, José Jerônimo de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9586790409626243
    The aim of this paper was to analyse the process of insertion of the Natural Sciences in the curriculum of the first Institute of Vocational Training of Pará (Belém, Pará state, Brazil), during both periods: from 1870 to 1897 – when it worked as Institute of Educating Artificers – and from 1897 to 1901 – when it functioned as Lauro Sodré Institute. Our results showed that the Natural Sciences were part of the Institute of Educating Artificers with subjects as “Brief Rudiments of Physiscs and chemistry” during the primary school from 1870 to 1883, and also in the Industrial Course of the Lauro Sodré Institute with the subjects Physics, Chemistry, History of the Three Kingdoms, Notions of Zoology and Botany from 1899 to 1901. It is noteworthy that modern scientific rationality began to be expanded in the Amazon by the sea with the steamships arriving from Europe. Then, the city of Belem began to take off as an urban center around the 70,s, under the particular name of Amazon Belle Èpoque. From the establishment of the Republic in Brazil, the urbanization process accelerated and Belém modernized. It is evidenced that the modernization of the city of Belém during the Belle Èpoque ofefered conditions for the instruction of the Natural Sciences in the curriculum of the Institute of educating Artificers and Lauro sodré Institute, reflecting the Amazonian context of valorization of the sciences as indispensable knowledge for modernization prmoting the formation of a type of individual whose discourses investigated pointed as being a workman. Our study suggested that since childhood, the student was introduced in this discursive order to receive instruction for a “useful” carrer to the state – generating profit the province – and for the constitution of modern civilized society, being in the order of discourse a subject who dominated the scientific knowledge of the modern world, wisdom that came to the Amazon as a model to be followed.
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    Disputas pelo monopólio da prática odontológica e a criação da Escola Livre de Odontologia do Pará (1911-1914)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) LIMA, Marcelino Carmo de; NASCIMENTO, Sulenir Candida da Silva; ALVES, Jose Jeronimo de Alencar
    The objective of this research is to analyze the newspapers published in the State of Pará, in the period that preceded the creation, in 1914, of the Escola Livre de Odontologia do Pará, when dentistry was still practiced both by professionals trained in schools located outside the State and by the others. We find that the newspapers, the Estado do Pará and A Província do Pará, in the period before the creation of the Escola that is, from 1911 to 1914 published several news related to the formation and practice of dentistry. What was this news? We found that they expressed, above all, the controversies among the holders of diplomas obtained in schools of dentistry outside the State that sought to exclude the others. The claims about the monopoly of the profession, therefore, as the news shows, began even before the creation of the Escola do Pará.
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    Emília Snethlage e Heloísa Alberto Torres: gênero, ciência e turismo na Amazônia do século XX
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-04) ALBERTO, Diana Priscila Sá; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
    The presence of women in the history of science, especially in the Western world, is intertwined with the very constitution of this field of knowledge, but for a long time they have remained in the shadows of male performance. The historical science, since its birth, has marked the "man" as the central character of the narratives and, even though some scholars pointed out that women were included in this historical being, the disciplinary field of history kept them away from the stage of mankind's sociocultural formation. Scientific travel, from the 19th century on, proved to be a rich path to problematize this vision and the meanings of its silences, allowing interpretative connections between science, gender, and tourism. The history of female participation in the history of sciences in the Amazon in the 20th century, focusing on the performance and legacy of two women scientists, one German and one Brazilian, Emília Snethlage (1868-1929) from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - MPEG and Heloísa Alberto Torres (1895-1977) from the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro - MNRJ, is the central theme of this thesis. These scientists, who lived experiences in regions of Brazil, especially in the Amazon, used tactics to build an important path in their fields of expertise in the natural sciences (ornithology) and humanities (anthropology). Their expeditions left important clues for the investigation of the history of tourism in the region, by presenting elements that made up the modern tourist phenomenon, such as lodging, food, and transportation. From this contextualization, the objective of this work was to investigate, in the light of studies on the history of science, gender and tourism, the female participation played, in particular, by Emília Snethlage and Heloísa Alberto Torres, in the construction of scientific knowledge in the Amazon in the early twentieth century, entering into their professional trajectories, strategies and their respective universes. In relation to the problematic, the question was asked about the importance of the role of women in the history of science in Brazil and how was the specific participation of these scientists in the Amazon? The research was based on Edward P. Thompson with Social History and his reflections on experience and tactics in everyday life; Carlo Ginzburg with Micro-History when entering in the indications of other paths taken by them; Michelle Perrot, Londa Schiebinger and Anne McClintock when referencing the role of women in the scientific field, helping to inquire forms of coloniality experienced in the daily life and work of Emília and Heloisa. As far as tourism studies are concerned, we dialogued with Paulo de Assunção, Alexandre Panosso Netto, and Helena Doris. A. B. Quaresma when dealing with the reflection of the tourist phenomenon and its openings in history and research in the Amazon. The methodological path traced clues of the performance of these women of science in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Guilherme de La Penha Archives. Files on Emília Snethlage were also searched in virtual media at the Biblioteca Nacional Digital and at the Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, where a collection on Heloísa Alberto Torres was found. The documentary research started in 2018 and went on until mid-2022, mainly by virtual environment, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. To answer the problematic of the thesis, the research mapped and analyzed evidence in newspapers, articles produced by these scientists, personal and institutional letters, and novels, which made visible experiences and practices of these scientists in their institutions and in the daily life of research in the Amazon. Based on these findings, the thesis demonstrates that Emília and Heloísa played a fundamental role in the construction of science in the Amazon, through their actions and "world sensibilities", at a time of full hegemony of male domination in the scientific field. These women built their trajectories in ornithology and anthropology in such a way that their publications and scientific achievements spread beyond their institutions, making their mark in the history of science in Brazil and abroad. Furthermore, the trips have revealed new directions for understanding the tourist phenomenon in the Amazon region, since they have used the constituent elements of the practice in the activity. Thus, they contributed to think the emergence of a new epistemology about tourist trips.
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    Sistema métrico decimal: difusão no sistema escolar do Pará (1868 – 1918)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-17) CORRÊA, Patrícia de Campos; ALVES, José Jerônimo de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3793526621124658
    The Decimal Metric System was introduced in curriculum of Pará schools in the second half of the 19th Century, in compliance with the Imperial Law of 1862, which made it compulsory education in Brazil. From the 1870s, in Pará, this knowledge became part of the curriculum of vocational schools. Government speeches delivered by the press and choose recorded in Province reports, school regulations, school curricula, textbooks also made it possible to circulate the Decimal Metric System where there were already other practices and ways of measuring. In this research we aim to analyse how the Institutionalization of the Decimal Metric System occurred in the Pará school system in the period from 1868 to 1919. For this we analysed some discourses favourable to the implementation of the Decimal Metric System as the Laws, Educational Regulations, the saying of deputies. The Legislative Assembly, the Presidents of the Province, the Director of Public Instruction, the governors, the authors of books on this subject, as well as the local newspaper related to the culture and society of the time and the relationship with the systems previously used. In the analyses, some aspects of cultural studies were considered, which corroborated the understanding of how this diffusion process occurred, the social position of the subjects who spoke the diffuser discourses, the conditions that allowed the circulation of these discourses and in which cultural context. Modernity in Amazon region in the second half of the 19th Century had Pará as its main gateway, and was funded by the latex economy fuelled by discourses of desire for progress coupled with scientism, school education and vocational training. The diffusion of the Decimal Metric System occurred through discourses that did not only refer to the educational process, but the introduction of a worldview associated with the modernity that was introduced in the region, in the period of the Amazonian Belle Époque and the coexistence of other ways of measuring.
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    As terapias do "Doutor Limonada": medicina oficial e as práticas de cura populares na Amazônia Oitocentista
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-02) COSTA, Ejhon Lucas Dias; MUNIZ, Érico Silva Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6294815313176569; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-4266; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4404
    This dissertation aims to construct the biography of Francisco da Silva Castro, a doctor with long and intense experience who became known with the nickname “Doctor Lemonade”. Through your career, we are looking to identify through its production the sings the transitions of medical knowledge, thas is, the impacts generated with the advent of microbial and evolutionary theories as opposed to their formative thought, the miasmatic theory. Furthermore, we will analyze the conflicts generated between their professional peers and the healing practices resulting from involvement with subjects from the world of healing, in the face of so many epistemological changes. We will identify its main study themes; its scientific relations established between national and international institutions; and, mainly, the repercussion of scientific works in Brazil and abroad. To do this, we use extensive documentation, like as offices and reports accessed in the Public Archive of State of Pará (APEP); biographical dictionaries consulted in Public Library Arthur Vianna (CENTUR) and at the Emílio Goeldi Museum of the Pará; medical and botanical dictionaries in the José Mindlin virtual library (USP); articles published in the medical gazettes of Bahia and Paris; the reports of Province presidents found at the Center for Research, at the University of Chicago; as well as the postmortem inventory, at the Amazon Memory Center (CMA); and, mainly, in the newspapers and periodicals in the collection of the Brazilian Digital Hemeroteca.
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