Navegando por Assunto "Impactos ambientais"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das Unidades Geoecologicas do Refúgio Biológico da Vida Silvestre Metrópole da Amazônia – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) PEREIRA, Elexandre Martins; PAULA, Eder Mileno Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647718165947306; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6895-2126
The “Metrópole da Amazônia” Wildlife Refuge Conservation Unit is a large environmental preservation area located in the 11th largest metropolitan region in the country, with an estimated population of over 2 million inhabitants. With immense natural riches, it can be considered the last frontier of urban expansion in the region. The work used landscape geoecology to identify the degree of impact of the geoecological units and the Leopold Matrix, one of the tools used in environmental impact assessment, was used to measure the environmental impacts of the study area. The result was that, within the area of the conservation unit, the two geoecological units described in the study (Tablelands and Plains) are well preserved, but the most impacted was the Tablelands, especially found in the REVIS buffer zone. Finally, proposals were suggested to be analyzed and implemented by the unit's management body in order to mitigate the existing impacts in the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto ambiental na área de influência das barragens de rejeito no município de Poconé-MT
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) FERREIRA, Lorrana Dias; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Due to tragic accidents related to the failure of tailings dams in Minas Gerais, the disposal of tailings in dams has become an increasingly urgent topic of discussion, especially in relation to the risks associated with this approach. Consequently, mining companies have sought to implement alternative methods for managing tailings resulting from their operations. However, in this direction, the work analyzes the level of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in the municipality of Poconé – MT, identifying the major damages that can be caused by a tailings dam rupture. To this end, maps of environmental impacts on the selected dams were created, using the software QGIS, also known as Quantum GIS. The Kernel method was also used, which is an analytical approach that is frequently applied in the assessment of risks and environmental sensitivity in relation to mining tailings dams. The results of the research revealed that throughout the work it was possible to observe that the mining tailings dams existing in the municipal limit of Poconé/MT are defined as structures that promote a “very high” environmental impact, mainly in the urban area than if it occurs the rupture could affect legal preservation areas and the city's drainage system, thus impacting the life of the community in general. With the data obtained, it was possible to analyze the environmental impact of tailings dams on local communities, including the possible relocation of families, access to drinking water and the health of people living nearby. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in Poconé, Mato Grosso, is a crucial part of the responsible management process of mining activities, as it can help develop strategies to mitigate these impacts and ensure the protection of the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade portuária em Barcarena (Pará): caracterização e análise ambiental de seus efeitos no desenvolvimento local da vila de Itupanema
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-20) COSTA, Igor Jorge Lobato da; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
The current work’s main objective is to characterize and analyze the environmental changes caused by the port activity and their effects over the local development at Itupanema village, located at Barcarena County / PA, over the past 20 years. The analysis of the aspects and environmental impacts was realized through the analytical process of Evaluation Post- Occupation (APO) based in bibliography and georeferenced data setting-up. Starting at the selected remote sensing image, the APO took place by visual interpretation technique, eletromagnetical radiation and digital classification of the images for empirical investigation of the environmental urban expasion fenomena and the impacts over Itupanema village. The results showed that was a progressive growth of urban areas over the vegetation. As results, this work concludes that the Itupanema village had suferred sensitive changes caused by the great enterprises established near the community, with special emphasis on Albrás, Alunorte, Pará Pigmentos, Imerys Rio Capim Caulim from 2000 to 2005, and after that was affected by the construction of the Ports, making a metamorphosis at the original landscape, highlighting the suppression of the green areas giving place to urban areas as side reflex of the populational expansion at the Barcarena County. The changes were the main responsible of several environmental impacts as the deforestation and the absence of the local development expected for the the Itupanema village community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bacias hidrográficas urbanas : aspectos socioambientais da bacia do Tucunduba, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-15) FIGUEIREDO, Camila de Magalhães e Souza; SOUSA-FELIX, Rosigleyse Corrêa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1452935151806378; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-0792
The Tucunduba Hydrographic Basin (THB) is the second largest basin in the city of Belém, in Pará. It drains four districts of Belém: Marco, Canudos, Terra Firme and Guamá. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the city, with a population of approximately 200,000 inhabitants. This work aims to analyze the socio-environmental conditions of the Tucunduba Basin, based on the macro-environmental elements needed to understand the dynamics of use throughout the basin. The methodological approaches of the research included the application of a questionnaire to the residents of the THB, a calculation based on the local Urban Quality of Life Index (UQLI), a calculation of the Simplified Environmental Impact Index, an estimate of the per capita sewage discharge of the neighborhoods belonging to the THB and an Environmental Impact Assessment of the physical, biotic and anthropic environments in the 3 sections of the macrodrainage project. Based on the results obtained, the IQVU in the Tucunduba Basin is approximately 0.6, i.e. regular. In addition, the results generated through the simplified environmental impact assessment show that the stretches analyzed have considerable environmental impacts (either high or very high). This demonstrates the precariousness of the services offered to the population and highlights the fragility of local urban management. There is therefore an urgent need for integrated management strategies, the evaluation and monitoring of space, and the provision of services that guarantee a good quality of life and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de material compósito incorporado com fibras de bambu (Bambusa Vulgaris) e resíduos sólidos industriais para utilizacao como componente estrutural para a construcao civil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-12) SANTOS, Alessandro José Gomes dos; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
In the industry, the production of materials that bring less environmental impacts and that have high sustainability has been growing, mainly with regard to vegetable fibers and industrial waste. In this work, full isophthalic unsaturated polyester matrix, composites with bamboo vegetable fiber, composites with industrial residues (red mud, kaolin and copper) and hybrid composites with variation in the proportion of residues and fibers were made. The residues were used with granulometry of 100 MESH and the fibers in the lengths of 15mm and 30 mm, randomly arranged within the matrix. These fibers were used in natura and treated with 5% NaOH during the period of 2 (two) hours. The fibers were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical and morphological properties. The composites were made by hand (hand lay-up) in the form of rectangular plates in metallic mold and pressed. The proportions of the mass fractions of the residues varied by 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, whereas the mass fraction of fibers was varied by 1%, 2% and 3%. For the production of hybrid composites, the variation occurred up to the maximum saturation level of the matrix, with the proportion of residues / fibers of 10% / 3%, 20% / 3%, 30% / 3% and 40% / 3%, respectively. Bamboo fibers were chemically characterized by analyzing the levels of extractives, lignin and holocellulose. The residues were characterized mineralogically by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The composites were characterized physically (apparent porosity, water absorption and apparent specific mass), mechanically (traction, flexion and impact), flame retardancy and morphologically through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. For physical characterization analyzes, 10 specimens (CP’s) were produced for each series. In the mechanical tests, 10 CP's were manufactured for the tensile tests, while for the flexion and impact tests, there were 8 CP's for each series. This same amount was used for the flame retardancy tests. After the physical tests, a small variation was observed with the addition of fibers and an increase in the Apparent Specific Mass with the addition of residues and fibers in the matrix. In the analysis by means of mechanical traction characterization, the best results of resistance limits in the values of 33.05 MPa were obtained for composites with 3% bamboo fibers treated with 15 mm in length and 33.11 MPa with bamboo fibers 30mm long without treatment. With the incorporation of waste, it reached a value of 40.25 MPa. In hybrid fractions the value reached 41.07 MPa with the addition of 20% kaolin residue / 3% bamboo fibers in the 15mm lengths with treatment. In flexion tests, the results were 150.94 MPa for the addition of treated 30mm fibers, 140.34 MPa for the addition of 20% kaolin residue and in the hybrids of 137.27 MPa for the addition of 30% kaolin residue / 3% bamboo fibers with 30mm treated. In the impact tests, the best results were 23.02 kJ / m² for the addition of 10% copper residue and 38.56 kJ / m² for the addition of 20% copper residue / 3% bamboo fibers with 30 mm long treated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos parâmetros de qualidade de água do Rio Aurá, Belém-Pará: aplicação de índice de qualidade malasiano (DOE-IQA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05) RIBEIRO, Arthur Araújo; QUARESMA, Sil Franciley dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6860112313500088
The intense urbanization, added to the populational growth, stimulates the development of activities that provoke environment impacts. Among the activities with great potential for pollution generation and contamination, it is observerd those related to the environmental sanitation”. This study breaches the caracterization of the “Physical-chemical” parameters of water quality in the “Aura” river. According to the CONAMA 357/2005. The field of study comprehends the area of the “Aura” upstream river. The work metodology consists in the realization of field samples, in target places distributed along it’s course, for the determination of the “physical-chemical” variables. The results show a direct relation with the populational growth and the dicharge of poluents throughout the working period of the landfill, observed important alterations in color, oxigen dissolution and concentration of amoniacal nitrogen, largerly above the stipulated by the actual resolution (CONAMA 357/2005 água classe II), suggesting great organic matter consumption , the application of DOE-WQI allowed the observation of the most impacted regions with discharge and the slurry’s percolation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia Oriental: uma análise a partir do município de Senador José Porfírio-PA (2010 a 2020)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-13) MOURA, Valdinei Mendes; MARINHO, José Antônio Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1248631456407324; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-6930; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
In the Xingu Integration region, the dynamics of land use and land cover takes place through accelerated transformations, consolidated mainly by road transport networks, especially from the 1970s onwards with the opening of the Transamazon Highway (BR-230). Thus, the work prioritized analyzing the dynamics of land use and land cover in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio, located in an area of intense socioeconomic and environmental change, especially after the installation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. In this sense, the methodological procedures focused on collecting information and data in digital databases, and on the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the material obtained and bibliographical research on the dynamics of land uses in the Amazon region and on the use of geotechnologies as tools for monitor the territorial dynamics of these uses. Thus, in the first stage of the work, bibliographical research was carried out in digital databases, seeking studies on the dynamics of land uses in the Amazon region and on the use of geotechnologies as tools to monitor the territorial dynamics of these uses, particularly in relation to the process. deforestation, one of the most sensitive issues in the environmental issue today. In the second stage of the work, the website of the Annual Mapping Project for Land Cover and Land Use in Brazil - Mapbiomas, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) were searched for land use and occupation of the municipality of Senador José Porfírio for the period 2010 to 2018. The same is being done in PRODES 2019 (General Coordination of Earth Observation-OBT/INPE). The objective of the research was to analyze the dynamics of land use in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio, from 2010 to 2020, considering the historical and economic aspects, as well as their socio-environmental, landscape and territorial expressions. In the results, it was found that, for this period of research, agriculture suffered variations in its perennial culture in relation mainly to government restrictions, but there was an emphasis on cocoa production. It was analyzed that illegal logging, deforestation, in addition to land grabbing for agricultural production has been advancing mainly in areas of settlements and indigenous lands, which intensified political, socio- environmental, economic, land and landscape problems, especially with the sector agriculture, mining, traditional peoples and agroextractivos. In this context, there is an accelerated process of antagonistic appropriation of space by its various social agents for eventual productions of territories and territorialities. In this regard, in this 21st century, with the entry of international capital in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio-PA, local populations and their ways of life are still disregarded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da incorporação de resíduos industriais, lama vermelha e caulim, nas propriedades de compósitos de matriz poliéster reforçados com fibras de juta e malva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-18) RIBEIRO, Maurício Maia; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-2287; CANDIDO, Verônica Scarpini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8274665115727809; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-0403
The Amazon region of Brazil is a major producer of bauxite and kaolin, with the state of Pará accounting for a large national share of the production of these materials. The processing of these raw materials generates considerable amounts of waste that is then stored in sedimentation ponds which can cause serious environmental damage, therefore it is very important to explore reasonable methods of utilizing the red mud and kaolin waste, and thus reduce their landfill volumes. Many recent studies have been conducted and presented various ways of comprehensive utilization of these wastes. Natural fiber reinforced composites with insertion of these industrial wastes have received increasing attention in recent decades, as good specific mechanical properties can be achieved and industrial wastes can be reduced and used in a useful form. In this work, polyester matrix composite materials reinforced by jute and mallow fibers in continuous configuration and aligned at 0° and 90° in the loading direction, and composite materials with insertion of industrial waste were manufactured. The polyester matrix used was a pre-accelerated orthophytalic and cured at room temperature with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1.0% by mass. The Jute and mallow fibers were manually cut in length of 300 mm and manually arranged in a continuous manner and aligned and without surface treatment. Fiber composites were produced by vacuum-assisted hand lay-up/vaccum-bagging procedure. The proportions of the fiber volume fraction have varied by 5, 15 e 25 %. The composites with kaolin and red mud residues were manufactured by a manual process in the form of silicone and pressed mold. The proportions of the mass fractions of waste have varied by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 %. The residues were characterized in terms of their physical, morphological and chemical aspects and the fibers in terms of their physical and mechanical aspects and the experimental values are similar to that presented from old newspaper. Just as the composites manufactured had their specific mass determined, which resulted in an increase in the average value of the specific mass of the composites with insertion of red mud and kaolin residues. In the case of composites reinforced with fibers of jute and mallow, there was a reduction in the average value when compared to the matrix. Tensile and shear properties were observed for the composites with industrial waste, red mud and kaolin. The composite 5RC exhibited tensile strength value closer to the matrix, as well as for 5RLV, 10RLV and 15 RLV which exhibited the same behavior. For shear strength the composites 10RLV and 15 RLV were closer to the matrix. As well as the composites reinforced with jute fibers 0° presented the highest tensile strength were 0J5, 0J15 and 0J25, exceeding in 2%, 150% and 166% the tensile strength of polyester. For the composites reinforced with mallow fibers 0° showed the highest tensile strength were 0M15 and 0M25, exceeding in 67% and 96% the tensile strength of polyester. For shear strength the composites reinforced with jute (0J15 and 0J25) and mallow (0M15 and 0M25) fibers exceeded the matrix in 201%, 206%, 71% and 144%, respectively. The tensile strength of the three-phase composites (0JRLV, 0JRC, 0MRLV and 0MRC) exceeded the matrix by 129|%, 100%, 54% and 21%, respectively. For shear strength they exceeded the matrix by 49%, 47%, 63% and 52%. Composites with 0-aligned fibers showed satisfactory mechanical behavior for application in composite materials presenting reinforcement characteristics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos ambientais causados pelas atividades do Complexo Minerometalúrgico de Barcarena na Comunidade ribeirinha do Rio Guajará de Beja do Município de Abaetetuba/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-22) FERREIRA, Genivaldo de Jesus Silva; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
This master's thesis has as its theme the environmental impacts caused by the activity of the Barcarena minerometallurgical complex in the riverside community of the Guajará de Beja river in the municipality of Abaetetuba / Pa and aims to understand, analyze the possible and main environmental impacts caused by the activities of companies. of minerals and transport from the Barcarena metallurgical mining complex from the report of the Municipal Secretariat of Social Assistance Intervention made to families affected by the environmental accident of Vila do Conde de Barcarena-Pa, from the technical report of the institute Evandro Chagas (IEC) , of the technical opinion of COMDEC- Technical Coordination of Civil Defense of the Municipality of Abaetetuba and of the Inter-Sectoral Committee of Public Calamity carried out by SEMEIA- Secretariat of Environment of Abaetetuba and 7 Municipalities of the Municipality in 2018 and added to these surveys, are considered reports of arrears families, representatives of communities, secretariats, etc. which through quantitative qualitative interviews allude to the Abaetetuba riverside communities that were affected by the minerometalurgic complex, as the main and possible responsible, the company Norsk Hydro Alunorte, according to the results of the analyzes, of the Committee Diagnosis, the Report and the Technical Opinion previously informed. This research will analyze various aspects of environmental impacts, assessing the perception of public management regarding these challenges faced within the municipality of Abaetetuba, focusing on riverside communities, in order to subsidize the contribution of the elaboration of public policies and strategies. for problem solving, identification and reduction of environmental impacts. For the work to be solid, many authors related to the theme are approached, such as Sánches (2008), Muratori (1998), Vieira (2009), Melo Junior (2002) and Ferreira (2015) Pinto (2006), Paiva e Silva (2012). , Barbosa (2010) and Ribeiro and Alencar (2016), Beck (1995) and Egler (1996), among others, will be used for the purpose of subsidizing research-related themes, giving truth to the information collected and described during the production and elaboration of this work, guaranteeing its scientific nature. The question that leads to the theme is to identify if the environmental impacts caused by the activity of the Barcarena minerometallurgical complex in the riverside community of the Guajará de Beja river of the municipality of Abaetetuba / pa, have a direct reflection on the water bodies and if they cause a series of complications in the water. health of the inhabitants of the surrounding communities. It concludes the research considering that the IEC governmental agencies and the inter-sectoral committee point out that the communities were affected by effluents, the same result converges with the results of the interviews conducted in the community of Guajará de Beja, the main focus of the research conducted to verify the impacts of this community belonging to the municipality of Abaetetuba-Pa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de pressão, estado, impacto e resposta (peir) para avaliação da conservação das áreas de manguezais do município de São Caetano de Odivelas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-25) COSTA, Letícia Soares da; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
São Caetano de Odivelas is a municipality in the Amazon coastal zone, located in the Microregion of Salgado, in the Northeast of Pará, with the coastline cut by wide recesses or the coast of “rias”, composing a dynamic environment, under which a vast mangrove forest. Recently, the Mocapajuba Extractive Reserve was created in the municipality in 2014. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the mangrove areas from driving force, pressure, state, impact and response indicators (PSIR), to provide support to the management of the Conservation Unit. The method chosen was the use of socio environmental indicators, combined with the DPSIR methodology created by the United Nations Environment Program - UNEP, and updated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD. It was necessary to carry out a systematic review of the literature and conducting on-site visits, in order to assist in monitoring the state and in the analysis of the pressures found in the study area, parallel to this, a classification of the different types of land use was made. in order to identify the anthropic causal activities or sources of pressures and impacts. And the responses obtained through the research of programs and projects at the federal and municipal levels that can solve or mitigate impactful actions. The methodology proved to be satisfactory, as it allowed to infer about the following indicators: Pressure (P) urban expansion, tourist intensity and the absence of sewage treatment; State (E) legally protected area, with high environmental relevance and ecological functions and "in natura" sewage discharge in the Mojuim River; Impact (I), the most significant ones were applied to the model according to the weighting performed. these being: mangrove deforestation, overfishing due to tourism and the effects of waste disposal in inappropriate areas, on the quality of life of the population and the natural environment. The analysis of the answers (R) revealed the Mocapajuba Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX), since from it it is possible to obtain control over land use, under the domain of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) (federal sphere) ; the guidelines of the Brazilian Forest Code in Areas of Permanent Preservation - APP (MMA), in contrast, the municipal government through investments and public expenses with the purpose of promoting the protection and management of natural resources, such as the promotion of environmental education. Thus, the need for an effective inspection and long-term projects for environmental management, which reconciles use with environmental protection, stands out. Thereby, this work is configured as an important tool, in order to provide subsidies for the elaboration of environmental planning projects and management policies, and actions based on the protection of the mangrove ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças geoecológicas na terra indígena Paquiçamba com exploração hidroelétrica do rio Xingu - Amazônia Centro-Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-22) SILVA, Nadson de Pablo Costa; PAULA, Eder Mileno Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647718165947306; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6895-2126; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
Human action, guided by the logic of "progress", has intensely altered the natural landscape, exploiting the environment without considering its capacity for regeneration. In this way, understanding nature's capacity to regenerate is fundamental to developing strategies that can mitigate the various environmental impacts, or even be able to remedy such interventions, especially in areas of socio-environmental vulnerability, such as indigenous lands. Therefore, the study area is the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land located in the Greater Xingu, which has been experiencing an intense process of occupation and environmental impacts. From the 1970s onwards, public policies boosted the occupation of the Amazon, with projects to open roads and create settlements in the region. More recently, the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant has created new challenges for the TI. In this context, the problem of changes to the environment of the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land has arisen, which has significantly altered the lives of the Juruna indigenous people of the Volta Grande do Xingu. The research analyzed the change in water and land within the boundaries of the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land, from a Geoecological perspective, which was guided by Bertrand (2004), Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2013), Rodrigues and Silva (2013; 2019), Souza (2010), Paula (2017). The geoecological compartmentalization and analysis of changes in the Paquiçamba Indigenous Land between 2011 and 2023 showed intense changes. The main one is the decrease in the flooded area, which went from 4,911.27 hectares in 2011 to 2,854.03 hectares in 2023, a reduction of 41.88%. This reduction, attributed to the construction of the Pimental dam in 2016, caused significant changes in the area. Beach areas decreased, while rocky areas increased from 1,477.80 hectares in 2011 to 1,889.80 hectares in 2023. Navigable areas have also been reduced, directly impacting the lives of the Juruna indigenous people who depend on the rivers for fishing, transportation and access to resources.