Navegando por Assunto "Impostos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios fiscais de ICMS para a efetivação de direitos fundamentais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-27) REI, José Anijar Fragoso; KZAM NETO, Calilo Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0615330668721075
This dissertation relates ICMS (Taxes on Goods and Services) tax benefits and fundamental rights. It will be analyzed whether those benefits that unburden goods and essential services for the realization of fundamental rights must prevail, even if there is no prior agreement signed by the states and the Federal District, as required by article 155, § 2, XII, "g" of the Federal Constitution and Federal Complementary Law n. 24/75. The analysis focuses on the importance of fundamental rights under Brazilian law, as legal principles, therefore, they have high regulatory burden and should guide the interpretation of standards and devices. Therefore, taxation is justified as a source of funding for services and public policies that promote fundamental rights. Moreover, the ICMS (Taxes on Goods and Services) tax benefits should be granted with the safeguards provided in the Fiscal Responsibility Law, without prejudice to combat the use of these instruments to attract economic enterprises, which do not bring the proper return for the rights to the population. However, if the activity benefited provides the realization of fundamental rights effectively, there will be compliance with the existing legal principles. Regarding the ICMS (Taxes on Goods and Services), we conclude that even if the tax benefit was not preceded by covenant of CONFAZ (National Council of Treasury Policy), as required by the Constitution and the LC 24/75, should be considered constitutional, whenever the fundamental rights of the citizen are guaranteed. In reality, the financial burden of this tax falls on the final consumer, then, it is authorized the non- incidence of ICMS (Taxes on Goods and Services) on goods and services which are essential to the enjoyment of rights such as health, education and food.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dívida dos municípios paraenses que aderiram à municipalização do ensino e a norma constitucional permissiva de retenção de verbas transferidas: um estudo de caso sobre o estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-16) LOBÃO, Simone Ferreira; KZAM NETO, Calilo Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0615330668721075
This dissertation will look into the conditions of the municipalities of the State of Pará, that have adhered the municipalization of the education in the 90‘s, which have ceased conveying the payers‘ financing contributions to the government of the State, which have churned up a considerable debit before the State Financing Security Fund. It is about a complexity of the Brazilian federalism, yet to be sorted out, which is, therefore, worth being examined. Thus, the general goal of this research is based on the norm extracted from the Art. 160, a unique paragraph of the Federal Constitution – presenting some changes in the Constitutional Amendments (03/93) and (29/00) – authorizing the retention, by the State, of the reasonable values to the Municipalities, caused by the State tax-collection participation, in case of a municipal debit existence. This study was conducted by two leading up questions. First, it consisted in analyzing whether the municipalities were reliable to develop the public policies upon their material competence, independently of the money, transferred by the Union and the State. In parallel, the second investigating inquiry would be whether the collection through retention would reflect on the fundamental rights of the population, under the municipal power. On the face of these inquiries, as it is the first assumption of this dissertation, brought in the presentation of this research-project, I have affirmed that the autonomy maintenance of the State of Pará‘s municipalities would be unviable just with its own tributes collection. And the second assumption consisted in the affirmation that, in case of the implementation of retention, the municipal debtor would have a great impact on the budget, thus bringing about a hefty difficulty in the public policies concretion, related to the human rights, on the verge of being restrained. I have therefore pondered upon the offensive fundamental rights order, the municipal autonomy and, therefore, the federative alliance itself. In the purpose of analyzing the fullness of such assumptions, this dissertation was broken into three chapters. The first chapter was dedicated to the essential concepts of the academic work development, as the difference between the positive law language and the science of Law language; between the norm and norm texts; the concept of juridical norm; its classification between conduct and structure norms; as well as general, abstract, individual and concrete norms. Moreover, I shall present the model of rules and principles as normative species, beyond the conception of the juridical system. The second chapter is conveyed to the study of federalism and the Brazilian political entities financing system and its importance to the human rights concretion. In the third and last chapter, I shall specifically discuss about the debt of the municipalities which have adhered the municipalization of the education: from the analysis of a great debtor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equalização fiscal: o fortalecimento do pacto federativo e dos direitos fundamentais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-12) AMANAJÁS, Grace Osvaldina Pontes de Sousa; KZAM NETO, Calilo Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0615330668721075
The fiscal equalization is a form of income transfer between the federal entities whose primary goal is to provide the recipients equality in the provision of public services. This form of transfer is based on strong cooperation between the entities in meeting the goal of reducing regional inequalities in the ability to provide essential services. The Constitution has, among its fundamental principles, the reduction of inequalities between regions, however, the relationship between the federal entities in our country is still guided on criteria that do not favor mutual aid. The Brazilian federation, which historically has gone through centralization and decentralization, today aims to increase the autonomy of federal entities. In this goal, the Constitution of the Republic has currently increased powers granted to the federal entities. In order to fulfill its constitutionally established obligations, and increase their own economies, Member States began granting tax incentives in masses, leading to the renouncement of income and exacerbating competition in the collection of taxes such as GST. This practice goes against the goal of equitable development between regions. In the analysis of the forms of transfers currently performed in our country, there is the freezing of the coefficients and the use of indicators criteria that do not reflect the concern to equalize the capacity of regions. In more developed federations, the fiscal equalization has been adopted, along with other redistributive transfers as a way to provide greater assistance to Member States with lower potential revenue collection, to the extent of their needs. Through the comparison between the federations to adopt the fiscal equalization, and federal relations in Brazil, considering the constitutional principles and the role of the Central Government, weighting is performed on the possible use of tax equalization mechanism in our legal system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Guerra fiscal: validade jurídica da glosa de créditos de ICMS
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) SEFER, Tiago Nasser; KZAM NETO, Calilo Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0615330668721075
The dissertation focuses on the ICMS tax war, which is a phenomenon in which the states seek to attract companies to its territory through tax breaks. To grant ICMS tax break is required unanimous consent of the States under the CONFAZ, which is very difficult. Thus, it has become common that when an irregular incentive is granted for certain companies by a state of origin, the state of destination does not recognize the ICMS credits generated, based on Article 8, I from the Supplementary Law 24/1975. The majority doctrine has been pacified towards being against this non-recognition, and the Supreme Court doesn’t have yet a definitive position on the issue. The text proposal is to build a sound doctrine that opposes the majority and defends the possibility of disallowance of ICMS credits arising from unconstitutional tax breaks. We discuss issues such as rule of law, validity, fiscal federalism, taxpayer fundamental rights, rule incidence matrix, tax liability, non-cumulative system, ICMS, and disallowance of credits. After using the subsidies provided, we hold our thesis as to authorizing the act of credit cancelation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A imunidade tributária dos templos de qualquer culto: um olhar sob o prisma da constituição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, Afonso Carlos Paulo de; KZAM NETO, Calilo Jorge; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0615330668721075
The tax immunity of temples of any cult, enshrined in Article 150, VI, "b", of Brazil‘s Constitution, is an institute that, given the broad interpretation the major part of the national doctrine and the Brazilian Supreme Court itself give it, involves a situation of apparent exception to equality which deserves further reflection. Taking into account that such instrument is considered immutable clause, since it consists on a kind of defense of religious freedom, the theoretical path begins with a discussion about what is the religion itself, and then it tries to establish a basis for the discussion about what is this freedom. With this premise set up, the efforts are turned to Tributary Law dogmatic, to show, initially, what are the immunities and, then, which one is the interpretation of contemporary scholars in the area about the so-called religious immunity. In the next stage, the necessary tools to the demonstration of the conception of science and of Law demanded for the interpretation of the tax immunity of temples, in accordance with the Constitution, are provided, and, in the end, aspects of this institute, from the perspective of some constitutional principles, as equality and secularism, are analyzed. Thus, because of inconsistencies between such institute (or, at least, amongst its most common interpretations) and other constitutional values of greater importance, finally, some ideas about possible ways to a better solution of the issue are proposed.