Navegando por Assunto "Industrial waste"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 21

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Caracterização e proposta de tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos de madeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-24) ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, Walter Figueiredo de; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376
This is a characterization study and proposal for treatment of woodwaste leachate produced in laboratory. Woodwaste leachate or stormwater runoff or log yard runoff are generated when wood waste resulting fi-om the manufacturing process, are arranged inappropriately, making the interaction with water, generally climate rainfall, resulting in a dark colored liquid which can contam n a number of components with the potential negative impact on aquatic environments. The effluent generated in the laboratory was studied by two separate experiments. In Experiment A, in polyethylene bottles, were mixed water and sawdust in proportion 9:1, in an open system and room temperature for 90 days. At times 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 and 90 days, the solution was filtered and brought to the laboratory for analysis. In Experiment B, stored in a plastic container (bucket type) about 5 kg of sawdust, where the bottom was adapted a drain to collect effluent. This system was exposed to sunlight and rainfall climate, so as to simulate the minimum conditions for generation ofleachate fi-om a waste pile of wood in the real case. In both observed the generation of a liquid amber beige to dark, strong characteristic odor, slightly acidic (pH 5.53 to 6.97), high oxygen demand (BOD 17 — 310 mg.L-1; COD 857 — 3161 mg.L-1; DO 0.63 — 5.56 mg.L-1), high charges of organic matter (TC 170.93 — 425.19 mg.L-1, TOC 167.66 — 415.66 mg.L-1 and TIC 2.22 — 34.05 mg.L-1), high solids concentrations (SS 10 — 23 mL.L-1; TSS 463 — 1330 mg.L-1; TDS 31 — 640 mg.L-1 and turbidity 10.0 — 638.5 UNT). Due to these characteristics has been proposed a physicochemical treatment for runoff produced by combining the processes of coagulation/flocculation and oxidation with potassium permanganate, which resulted, respectively, in the removal of 20.95% and 88.53 % of COD, 98.18% and 43.31% of color, 40.45% and 98.16 of turbidity, 65.71% and 100% of TSS, per process. The overall removal efficiency of the proposed treatment was 90.93% of the values of COD, 98.97% in true color values, 98.90% of turbidity and 100.00% values of TSS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de fritura residual
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-20) SANTOS, Wenderson Gomes dos; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
This paper studied the cracking process termocatalítico the frying oil in bench and pilot scales, varying the percentage of sodium carbonate catalyst 5 and 10% m / m of raw material used and temperature of 440 º C. The objective was to obtain hydrocarbon mixtures rich in diesel fraction. The frying oil was neutralized and dried characterized in relation to the Acid Value, Saponification, Viscosity, Density and Refractive Index. After cracking, the liquid product obtained was purified by decanting the aqueous phase and simple filtration bench scale. This product was fractionated by fractional distillation and condensate were collected in a separating funnel according to the distillation range of gasoline (40ºC-175ºC), kerosene (175ºC-235ºC), light diesel (235°C-305°C) and heavy diesel (305°C-400°C). Were characterized both physical as chemical composition of the liquid products and their fractions. We also carried out the evolution of the cracking process in pilot scale, with the behavior of physical characteristics and chemical composition of the product formed during the cracking process. The results showed that the catalyst sodium carbonate supplied products of low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel. The variation in the percentage of catalyst significantly influences the physical and chemical composition of both the product and its fractions. It was found also that the cracking termocatalítico the frying oil promotes the formation of hydrocarbons in rich fraction of diesel (19.16% and 41.18% light diesel heavy diesel to the test with 10% Na2CO3 and 13, 53% light and heavy diesel 52.73% for the test with 5% Na2CO3 ). The time intervals generate the final cracking fuel with low acid content and physicochemical properties according to the specified standard mineral diesel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho estrutural de blocos, primas, mini-paredes e paredes de alvenaria estrutural confeccionadas com blocos cerâmicos produzidos a partir da mistura de lama vermelha com argila
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-27) COSTA, Diogo Henrique Pereira e; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
New techniques for the improvement of residues have become increasingly important in constructions, especially when it comes to the use of residue from other industries and the reduction of natural raw materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a residue from the production of metallurgical alumina known as red mud (RM), the structural performance of blocks, prisms, mini-walls and walls made of ceramic blocks with reticulated and circular cross sections, produced from the mixture of clay and RM. Experimental tests were performed corresponding to the characterization of the materials used and testing of compressive strength of units, blocks, prisms, mini-walls and walls. All materials and units met the standard requirements for their correct use in experimental tests. The results of compression tests have shown that elements of the blocks made by mixing clay and RM parameters met the standards and showed satisfactory and superior results to the components made of composite ceramic blocks with 100% clay, usually employed in constructions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emprego de resíduo de silício metálico na produção de cimento portland composto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-19) CUNHA, Rodrigo Rodrigues da; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
The reuse of industrial waste and alternative raw materials in construction is fundamental to sustainable development with reduced consumption of natural resources and CO2 emissions. In this line, the present study contemplates the use of a powdered waste, originating from the production of metallic silicon, which is designated as pre-separator residue. In this way, the objective of this research is to produce and evaluate properties of Portland cement composite CP II-E with the addition, during its manufacture, of metallic silicon industrial residue after calcination. For this purpose, the residue was used in partial replacement to blast furnace slag, in mass contents of 30%, 50% and 70%, in addition to the reference situation, in which no silicon residue was added to the cement (0%). Cement properties, produced with residues, were evaluated for their chemical composition, mineralogical, physical parameters (fineness, picking times, fire loss and insoluble residue), compressive strength, water absorption, absorption by capillarity, microscopic techniques and analytical techniques (DR-X, chemical composition and thermal analyzes of TG / DTG). As results, there were no significant differences in the physical parameters of the cements produced. Cement mortars produced with higher residue contents (70% and 50%) had the highest values of compressive strength and lower values of capillary water absorption, voids index and water absorption by capillarity than mortars produced with standard cement ( without siliceous residue). The same was not observed for cement mortars with 30% silicon residue. Analytical techniques of scanning electron microscopy images indicated a more closed porosity for cement mortars in the contents of 70% and 50% of cement with residue. Thus, as a conclusion, the utilization of the residue studied as partial replacement material of granulated slag in composite cement type "E" is technically and environmentally feasible.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da influência de resíduos gerados pela indústria de mineração nas propriedades de compósitos de matriz poliéster reforçados com fibras naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-26) COSTA, Deibson Silva da; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
In this work, it was produced pure isophthalic unsaturated polyester matrix boards, composites with vegetable fibers (sisal, mauve and jute), composites with industrial waste (red mud, kaolin and ash) and hybrid composites with fibers and waste. The residues were used with a particle size less than 100 mesh and in fiber lengths of 15 mm arranged randomly within the matrix. The fibers were characterized considering their physical, mechanical and morphological properties. The composites were manufactured by a manual process called (hand lay-up) in the form of rectangular plates in metal and pressed mold. The proportions of the mass fractions of waste have varied by 10 % until saturation within the matrix, the mass fraction of fibers was fixed at 5 %. The composites were characterized physically (porosity, water absorption and bulk density), mechanically (tensile, bending and impact), thermally (thermogravimetry - TGA), mineralogically (diffraction of rays-X - DRX), flame retardance and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy - SEM). It was found with the insertion of waste and fibers in the composites, an increase of its physical, mechanical, thermal properties and flame resistance. The physical properties of porosity, water absorption and bulk density has increased significantly (6,7 % to 33 %) with the addition of constituents (residues and fibers). There was an increase (15 % to 95 %) in mechanical strength (tensile, bending and impact) of fiber composites and waste (10 %) composites with fibers. It was evident an improvement in thermal stability (10 % to 50 %) of composites with inclusion of waste. Only the red mud composites have presented a flame retardant ability, obtaining V-2 classification according to UL-94 standard. Morphological analysis of fracture surfaces was efficient in identifying the failure mechanisms and features present in the material. The composites manufactured in this study have resulted in materials with good properties, which makes them feasible candidates for certain types of applications such as panels, liners, partitions and internal doors, an inner lining of automobiles, residential rails and other applications of this nature, respecting the characteristics of these materials.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da reciclagem de cinza volante para produção de agregado sintético utilizando reator de leito fixo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-16) PEREIRA, Luiz Felipe Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The use of such industrial waste boiler fly ash for recycling and reuse, has intensified in recent years much for its physico-chemical characteristics that may result after the processing, in a material with good mechanical strength and can be designed for use in several areas such as construction. In this paper we obtain synthetic aggregates, after sintering process in a fixed bed reactor. For the production of aggregates pellet sewed up mixer from a mixing wheel boiler ash, clay and charcoal. After the process of ceramic sintering were measured material properties such that: porosity, density and water absorption. For the characterization of phases and mineralogical structures of the sintered material, we used the techniques of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thus the contribution of this work is aimed at reducing environmental impacts, due to the possibility that the material produced has to replace natural aggregates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da sinterização em reator vertical de leito fixo: desenvolvimento de processo para produção de agregado sintético a partir de cinza volante e biomassa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-19) QUARESMA, Danielly da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
The synthetic aggregates have been employed in civil construction as a measure for the reduction of mineral extraction. Within this context, the recycling of industrial waste configured today as the basis of the majority of processes to reduce the exploitation of mineral resources. This paper presents the formulation of a process of environmental character and self-sustaining from an energy point of view parameters to develop a process for the production of synthetic aggregate from fly ash and biomass fixed bed reactor. Thus, for the production of aggregate pellets were made from a mixture of clay, fly ash and charcoal in fixed proportions. The reactor is filled with 20% pellets (6.35 mm > pellet ≥ 4 mm) and 80% charcoal (3.36 mm > carbon ≥ 1.70 mm) rated for promoting the efficiency of combustion reactions and subsequent sintering process at different air velocities (Darcy at 20 °C) of 0.0059 m.s-1 (1º Experiment), 0.0098 m.s-1 (2º Experiment) and 0.017 m.s-1 (3º Experiment). By means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was identified the presence of mullite in synthetic aggregate. This material is characterized as lightweight aggregate, in accordance with current standards. With synthetic aggregates manufactured to lightweight concrete, according to the established standard, without structural function in civil construction, but with applications of moderate resistance and may be used in the counterfloor. The process if showed interesting for the sintering of aggregates with good adhesion to the matrix of cement, and can easily be controlled by composition, granulometry, temperature gradient and gaseous flow, reducing environmental impacts, to the extent that the material produced implies in not extraction of natural aggregates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de parâmetros físicoquímicos para a produção de argamassas utilizando resíduos industriais e da construção civil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-26) FERREIRA, Keylla Castro; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The mortas can be considered as a mixture of the binders and aggregates with water, having capacity of the induration and adherence. Instead, it is suggested the production of mortas using civil construction waste, with plenty silicoaluminates, obtained in demolitions and reforms of build, and fly ash as material pozzolana, obtained of the combustion of mineral coal in fluidized bed boilers, in partial replacement of Portland cement. The civil construction wastes were benefited and characterized by X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The fly ash was characterized by granulometric analyze and X-ray spectrometry. The mortars of the were prepared using the following compositions of RCC, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75 and 70%; CV of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% e 5% of Portland CP II Z 32 cement. In all the compositions were put 0,8% of water and the rheological testing was used the same proportions residue (RCC e CV) with 35% water. The specimens were cured for 28 days and after were submitted physical trials of absorption, porosity and bulk density; mechanical trials of resistance to compression and analysis of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained show that the recycling of civil construction waste and the use of fly ash and RCC is a promising technique in production of mortas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico da borra de neutralização do óleo de palma para produção de biocombustível
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-17) SANTOS, Marcelo Costa; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
The Soap phase residue derived from refining vegetable oils are agro-industrial residues obtained after the neutralization stage of vegetable oils, which are aggregate low-value material, in addition to being an environmental liability for agribusiness thus is becoming increasingly attractive the use of these residues as raw material for generation bio-fuels. This work studies the neutralization sludge of palm oil as an alternative raw material, from the point of view, economic and environmental to the process of catalytic and Thermic-catalytic cracking. Initially were carried experiments of Thermic and catalytic cracking of the neutralization sludge and palm oil (in one reactor) and catalytic tests (the second reactor coupled in the first decarboxylation) both in bench scale; experiments were perfomed of the thermic-catalytic and catalytic (only in semi-pilot scale) of the neutralization sludge in the semi-pilot and pilot scale using different types of catalysts (Na2CO3, CaCO3, activated alumina, zeolite HY, HZSM-5, and FCC). The organic liquid product (OLP) obtained and the fractions obtained from the distillation in bench and pilot scale were characterized and compared with the current standard. The results obtained in laboratory scale have shown that the activated alumina catalyst provided the highest yield in wet basis (83.70%), with palm oil as raw material, however, the bio-fuel obtained Na2CO3 had a better quality how much the physicochemical characteristics. . In the semi-pilot scale, the highest yield was the thermal experiment of the sludge (78.36%), followed by the experiment with 5% activated alumina (71.47%), but the use of Na2CO3 showed better quality in the how much the physicochemical characteristics.The experiments in the pilot scale showed the highest yield (71%) obtained with 15% Na2CO3 at a temperature of 440 ° C. The results of the chromatographic analysis of this OLP obtained in the pilot scale confirmed that the percentage increase in the catalyst enabled the formation of a OLP rich in hydrocarbonate (91.22%) containing aliphatic, olefinic, naphthenic, aromatic and low amounts of oxygenates (8 , 78%). While in the distillation of PLO of the Experiment 5 makes possible to get fractions rich in hydrocarbons and without oxygenates compounds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de produção de bio-combustíveis via pirólise de resíduos de pneus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-24) SANTOS, Wenderson Gomes dos; DUVOISIN JÚNIOR, Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1737235899259374; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this study, the pyrolysis process of waste tires was analyzed in the laboratory and pilot scales. In the lower scale, the temperature variation, the type of catalyst commercially obtained (CaCO3, Na2CO3 and Ca(OH)2), the type of catalyst synthesized / treated from industrial waste (LV 1M HCl, LV 2M HCl and zeolite of kaolin) and the concentration of the NaOH solution impregnated into the tire (0.5, 1 and 2M) in the yields and compositions of the tire pyrolysis oil (TPO). In the larger scale, the evolution of the physicochemical and compositional properties of the TPO’s during the thermal cracking process (T = 400 °C, T = 450 °C and T = 500 °C) was evaluated in order to obtain a liquid product with characteristics of fossil fuels and / or compounds of high commercial value. The results showed that the yield of the TPO's are influenced by the increase in process temperature, by the type of catalyst and by the chemical treatment in the raw material. Being the process at 500 °C and with kaolin zeolite as the catalyst which most optimized the process for the yield and production of aliphatic compounds in the TPO. The use of catalysts led to the reduction of aromatic compounds and sulfur compounds in the liquid fraction. On the smaller scale, the behavior of the aliphatic compounds in thermocatalytic processes and chemical impregnation of the raw material was strongly influenced by the composition of d-limonene in the oils of pyrolysis of tires. The results of the pilot scale allowed us to conclude that there were variations in the physicochemical and rheological properties during the cracking process, but tend to stabilize in 65 minutes of process, presenting low acidity and low viscosity. The main substances identified throughout the process were d-limonene, BTX (benzene, toluene and xylenes) and cymenes. In the fractionation of TPO’s, the fraction of gasoline (C8 to C10) and kerosene (C8 to C17) are essentially hydrocarbons, while light diesel (C15 to C21) and heavy diesel (C17 to C23) by heteroaromatics. It is also concluded that sulfur and halogen compounds tend to be separated from the light diesel range.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo e avaliação do uso de resíduos do processo Bayer como matéria-prima na produção de agregados sintéticos para a construção civil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03) SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; QUARESMA, João Nazareno Nonato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826389991864785
The large amount of solid waste coming from mines and metallurgical industries became a serious social-environmental problem. The physical and chemical features of this material can raise a great interest in other industries. The ceramic industry might be a great costumer for most of this material, since it can supply the current lack of raw material. The red mud, main industrial residue of the alumina manufacturing, has been a very interesting input for several kinds of aggregates manufacturing used for the concrete production in civil engineering. In this context, this paper deals with studies concerning the red mud recycling to be applied as raw material for the synthetic light aggregate production to be used as an alternative material in the civil construction industry. This is because of its physical-chemical features and the large amount annually produced (around 10 million tons within two factories in the North of Brazil). The studies completed in this work show the feasibility of aggregates manufacturing, with different properties and possibilities. These properties depend on the parameters control such as content of free silica and clay, and the sintering temperature. Such variables allow to perfectly controlling the glassy phase formation which is responsible for the aggregate properties such as: porosity, mechanical resistance and density. This material can be used for conventional or special concretes to supply the civil engineering needs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo hidrometalúrgico de compostos de titânio proveniente do resíduo do processo Bayer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-28) QUARESMA, Danielly da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
Studies performed in the Bayer process residue, red mud, for recycling this material has been intensified by their physicochemical characteristics. The residue has several oxides, these stands out the iron oxide content above 30% by weight and titanium oxide at concentrations above 5% by weight. This work studies the possibility of extracting iron oxide, aiming at concentration of titanium compounds. The extraction was carried through process of calcination of red mud at 900°C followed by acid leaching with concentration of H2SO4 at 20% and 30% by volume at 60°C, 80°C and 90°C, with removal of an aliquot every 30 minutes. During the leaching process, there was intense extraction of iron compounds, resulting in an increased concentration of titanium at the red mud. This was found in all experiments, especially those which were performed at 90°C and H2SO4 at 30% v/v, where was a extraction of 95% iron and concentration of up to 14% titanium considering the global mass balance. From the data obtained, the red mud becomes an interesting material to be used as an alternative source of minerals titanium, which are found in nature with a percentage of around 8%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da incorporação da lama de alto forno em massa cerâmica para a produção de telhas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) COSTA, Roberta Lima de Souza; CANDIDO, Verônica Scarpini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8274665115727809
The use of residues in the clay-based ceramic composition for the production of ceramics has been widely studied, since a significant improvement in the chemical and physical properties of the final materials has been observed. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of 5 and 10 wt. % of blast furnace sludge into the clay slag, both from the state of Pará. The raw material and the waste were initially benefited in order to reduce the particle size and subsequently passed through a sieve with a mesh opening equal to #325. After this step, the residue and the raw material were submitted to FRX, EDS, XRD, TG / DTG, particle size distribution, MO, SEM and determination of plasticity and liquidity limits. Test specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressing of 20 Mpa for burning in a muffle-type laboratory oven at temperatures of 750, 850 and 950oC. MEA, PA, AA, RLQ and three-point flexural strength were evaluated. The microstructure of the burnt ceramics was evaluated by OM, MEV and XRD. The results showed that the blast furnace slurry consists predominantly of iron compounds, which contributes to the reddish placement in the sintered part. The residue presents a granulometry favorable to the addition in clayey mass, not altering the technological properties. Thus, it was concluded that the composition with addition of 5% of blast furnace sludge was the one that presented favorable results and required by standards for the manufacture of tiles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de aditivo polimérico no comportamento mecânico e reológico das argamassas produzidas com rejeitos industriais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-12) SILVA, André Luis Mileo Ferraioli; FELIPE, Augusta Maria Paulain Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8871741271063047; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
Mortars are considered to be particulate systems in suspension with fine aggregate, binder, water and organic polymeric additive. Factors such as granulometry, cement, ash and additive contents in their composition influence mortar properties in both the fresh and hardened states. A rheological study and mechanical test were performed on mortar prepared for floors and coatings through incorporating civil construction wastes (RCC) such as fine aggregate and fly ash, a mineral waste derived from combustion in boilers at the HYDRO ALUNORTECompany. This study seeks to develop a polymeric mortar that uses CPII E-32RS Portland cement andflyashas binders and fine sand and RCC with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) as aggregates. A study was performed on the influence of cement, ash, granulometry of aggregates and use of PVA based-polymeric additives on mortar properties.The materials were submitted to physical and chemical characterization using granulometric analysis, X-ray fluorescence and FTIR. In preparing the specimens, 6 formulas with 5% cement and 3 formulas with 10% cement were used, both with different levels of ash, sand and RCC andmaintaining a constant level of Portland cement content. A comparison of the mechanical and rheological properties of formulas with and without PVA was also made.Formulas in a fresh state were submitted to rheological tests. After 28 days of curing specimens of these formulas, by then in a hardened state, were submitted to tests for mechanical resistance to compression, specific mass, apparent absorption and apparent porosity. The research demonstrated that employing a PVA-based polymeric additive improved the mechanical properties of the mortar prepared with industrial wastes, as well as guaranteeing satisfactory rheological behavior for possible applications of such mortars in civil construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do uso de resíduo do processo bayer nas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de compósitos de base polimérica reforçados com fibra de curauá (Ananas lucidus. Mill)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-15) CUNHA, Edinaldo José de Sousa; QUARESMA, João Nazareno Nonato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7826389991864785; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
In this work it was produced composite isophthalic polyester, using red mud (RM) and fibers of carded curaua (FCC) randomly oriented and aligned with and without red mud. The composites were made by hand lay-up process and compression molding. Isophthalic polyester plates were produced composites with polyester matrix and composites with RM and RM and FCC. Physical, thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. It was found that the increase in RM in 30% (v/v) improves the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of the composites. The addition of 25% (v/v) FCC and RM 5% (v/v) recovering at 84% the modulus of elasticity compared to composite with 10% (v/v) and 5% FCC RM. In composites with 5% FCC randomly oriented and 30% (v/v) RM has 29% recovery of the modulus of elasticity. In composites with 25% (v/v) shows RM to be effective flame retardancy. LV is the influence of the thermal conductivity of the composite isophthalic polyester with increased (92% to 0 ° C) (71% at 25 ° C) (69% at 50 °C) composites with 30% LV compared with the matrix. The red mud and curaua fiber may be important inputs in composite isophthalic polyester, for the production of panels, walls, doors and internal partitions for construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do uso de resíduos industriais nas propriedades mecânicas e reológicas de argamassas utilizadas na indústria da construção civil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-21) CARDOSO, Dilson Nazareno Pereira; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1711061955509303
The general objective of this work was to develop alternative and usable materials within the construction industry, addressing a logic of recovery and reuse of solid waste, generated from construction and demolition construction sites, as well as the reuse of waste generated from the construction industry mining industry and mineral processing. Were used in the work the residue of construction (RCC), residue of sulfide copper ore (RMCS) and the waste of circulating fluidized bed boilers from the combustion of coal to fly ash (CV). The samples of these materials showed appropriate characteristics, such as recycled fine aggregate within the NBR 7211 standard. The materials were subjected to physical and chemical characterization through laser particle size analysis, x-ray fluorescence (FRX), diffraction and x-ray (DRX).). The mortars produced were studied in the free state, that is, without additives and also within the insertion of polymeric organic additive polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and Styrene Butadiene (SBR). The obtained mortars were physically characterized through the analysis of apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific mass and resistance to axial compression. Thermal analyzes of (TG and DTG) and scanning electron microscopy - SEM were also performed. In the fluid state rheological tests were performed to evaluate its behavior according to time (thixotropy), workability and the most representative rheological model for its flow. The developed materials presented technical properties approved by the ABNT standards, making them suitable for certain types of applications, in terms of laying and covering of walls, floors and ceramic tiles, respecting the technical characteristics of these materials.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reciclagem de resíduo a partir de cinzas de carvão mineral: produção de argamassas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-07-06) SIQUEIRA, Jacilene Siqueira de; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0800747860976046
This work aims to evaluate the possibility of use of waste obtained from the combustion of coal in fluidized bed boilers, an alumina refinery in Pará state. In this context, we evaluated the incorporation of fly ash as pozzolan, to partially replace cement in mortar production. To that end, samples were prepared using Portland cement type CPII-E-32. The mixtures were in the ratio 4:1, that is 4 parts aggregate (silica) and 1 part of binder (cement and ash), with the inclusion of the ash of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percentage with respect to the cement, beyond the mortar without addition. We defined two relation water / binder, 0,4 and 0,8. After 7 and 28 days curing time, were tested for compressive strength analysis of behavior. In addition, the mortar with the water / binder 0.8 were subjected to further analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, porosity and bulk density, the results obtained were consistent when compared with literature data, showing that viable application of ash studied in the construction industry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sinterização de pelotas de argila, carvão vegetal e cinza volante de caldeira em uma célula de combustão de leito fixo: análise da propagação da frente de reação de combustão no leito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-20) MELO, Alvino Oliveira; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505; MARTINS, Marcio Ferreira
A great preoccupation of humanity turns around the preservation of the environment, seeking to constantly through studies and search, alternatives to find a balance of coexistence between man and nature. Normally, industries in general, produce waste at its majority toxic which damage the environment, humans being and other diversities of life inserted in it. Looking up, insert itself in this context, this work makes a study of evolution of the temperature of combustion of a mixture, in predefined proportions of fly ash from boiler industries located in the State of Pará, clay from the banks of the Guamá River and charcoal acquired in metropolitan region of Belem-Pa, Brazil. The experiments were performed in a combustion reactor, acquired by Programa de Pós - Graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia in order to assess the temperature profile of each experiment during the combustion process and if the values of these temperatures would be sufficient to initiate the process of sintering of the pellets. For the experiments performance, parameters such as inlet velocity of the fluid (air), diameters of the pellets (mixture of charcoal, ash and clay) and grain size of charcoal were varied and the effect of variations of these parameters were analyzed for each experiment. The historical temperatures were recorded by a data acquisition instrument named Paperless Recorder - PHL and subsequently plotted for analysis. Temperatures varying in the range of 800°C - 1290°C, were obtained and these values are sufficient to initiate the process of sintering of the pellets. Data generated by the combustion reactor were recorded by "Paperless Recorder" and compared with numerical results computational.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Síntese e caracterização de geopolímeros, a partir de argila, caulim ferruginoso e cinzas volantes - classe c
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-12) PREZA, Carmen Raiza Aires Soares; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The high demand in the civil construction sector has caused a negative scenario for the environment. With this, researches arise with the objective of discovering sustainable alternatives to the existing technology, because, it is known that over the years, the concern with nature was significantly lost. With that in mind, the situation can be softened with some of the techniques that have been around for millennia and are still relevant. Studies on geopolymers are growing, especially in developed countries. The main application of this material, composed of minerals and industrial residues, is the replacement of Portalnd cement. Thus, this work aimed to produce geopolymers with superior physicochemical properties. The elaboration of geopolymers was directed from different concentrations of clay/flying ash and ferritic kaolin/flying ash. The raw materials were analyzed in natura and calcined at 600 ºC/2 hours and 800 ºC, using Xray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and laser particle size analysis. The results showed that the raw materials are technologically viable for the study, due to their SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, being: 63.89% and 16.65% for clay; 38.57% and 36.85% for ferritic kaolin; and 42.53% and 16.40% for fly ash, respectively. The raw materials presented fine grain sizes, being more reactive. Geopolymers A3 (80% clay/20% fly ash) and C3 (80% kaolin/20% fly ash) showed the best results for compressive strength, 13.19 MPa and 31.22 MPa, in the 28th day, respectively. The values found are within the limits found for some Portland cements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Transporte pneumático fluidizado: estudos de casos aplicados à indústria do alumínio primário
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08) VASCONCELOS, Paulo Douglas Santos; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
This work is a contribution to science and applied technology developed to fluidized bed and fluidized motion conveying used in the powder handling of the industrial processes. In the case of fluidized bed it is proposed an empirical equation to predict the minimum fluidization velocity for the fluoride alumina, crust powder and others powders used in the industrial processes with good results compared with the experiments and the equations available in the literature. It was also studied the constitutive equations to predict the behavior of the angle of repose and interparticles friction as a function of the superficial velocity of fluidization. In a second step it is proposed an equation to predict the capacity of the Air Pneumatic Fluidized Conveyor with good results compared with the experiments for fluoride alumina. The Air Fluidized Conveyor is a contribution to applied technology reducing the consumption of energy, it operates even in upward direction, and so, decreasing the rate kWh/ton in the powder handling of the industrial processes.