Navegando por Assunto "Insetos aquáticos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) em córregos do cerrado matogrossense sob diferentes níveis de preservação ambiental
(2011-09) SOUZA, Hilton Marcelo de Lima; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; JUEN, Leandro
The effect of different stream environmental preservation levels, in 1st to 4th orders, over the richness, abundance, similarity in the composition and the potential of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) species as bioindicators were investigated in a Cerrado region located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of twenty species/morphospecies were catalogued from the 1752 samples of nymphs, resulting in a new record for two species in Brazil. Values of Habitat Integrity Index (HII) were categorized among damaged, modified, and preserved environments. Species richness was different between sites, being greater in disturbed habitats. Total abundance was higher among preserved and altered environments, and differed significantly from the degraded areas. The NMDS analysis indicates that, in preserved and modified sites, the similarity in the composition of species differs from degraded areas. Four species showed a positive relationship with increasing values of HII. Baetidae showed environmental indicator species with different levels of preservation, with Zelusia principalis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 and Baetodes sp. being indicators of preserved environments and Aturbina nigra Salles, Boldrini & Shimano, 2011, Callibaetis sp. 2, Camelobaetidius aff. janae, Paracloeodes binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1996 and Waltzoyphius roberti Thomas & Peru, 2002 as indicators of modified environments. The knowledge on the ecology of species advances in terms of providing subsidies for the biomonitoring of basins and the use of indicator species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinantes da estrutura de comunidades de insetos aquáticos em riachos na Amazônia: o papel do habitat e da escala especial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-30) BATISTA, Gilberto Nicacio; HAMADA, Neusa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1512994126787334; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Aquatic ecosystems are highly complex environments, mainly due to interactions between their abiotic and biotic components; they are dependent on variation in physical structure and limnological characteristics, which in general, are factors that specifically act on different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, considering this complexity in structuring stream habitats, particularly in Amazonian lotic ecosystems, this doctoral thesis aims to evaluate which are the determining factors to structure aquatic insect communities and their distribution according to environmental variation and geographical distances. To meet this goal the thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, a systematic revision was carried out with a global assessment about the use of insects (Chironomidae: Diptera) in monitoring aquatic ecosystems and their responses as bioindicators. We found that the main issues presented in the studies were related to anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the taxonomic difficulties on the use of species identification to biomonitoring. The second shows analysis of distribution patterns and diversity of Chironomidae communities, under predictions of Metacommunity models, to evaluate the relations of the assemblages with the spatial scale and the environment. The main results showed that the assemblages were mainly affected by components of the physical habitat structure and partly the communities were limited by dispersal among the streams when considered at large scale in the region studied. The third showed analysis of functional composition on the communities of aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and their responses to variation in habitat structure considered under the assumptions of the Habitat Templet. Overall, we found relationships between the distribution of morphological and functional traits with the physical habitat variables. The fourth chapter evaluates the effect of spatial distance on the community similarity of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera communities in two regions of Eastern Amazon. In this final chapter, we find differences in the composition of communities expressed as species replacement because of the geographical distance and local environmental characteristics of each region. Finally, the studies developed in this thesis summarized how the structure of the habitat of streams can affect the aquatic insect communities and variation in the riparian structure and physical habitat, can cause variation in taxonomical composition and functional attributes. In summary, from these findings, we conclude that the physical habitat variables are determining factors in structuring aquatic insect communities. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of local factors (riparian vegetation structure/composition of substrates/limnological characteristics) as explanatory variables for taxonomical and functional composition. In addition, the regional factors (geographical distance / dispersal limitation) are essential components to affect similarity and structure of the communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de presas e predadores (Insecta) em mesohabitats de córregos de Cerrado
(Museu de Ciências Naturais, 2018-12) GIEHL, Núbia França da Silva; RESENDE, Bethânia Oliveira de; SILVA, Karina Dias; NOGUEIRA, Denis Silva; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; ROGES, Paulo F. S. S.
Tropical streams feature high variety of habitats and environmental gradients, which reflect on the greater richness of aquatic insects. In this way, we evaluate if the diversity of aquatic insects of prey and predator categories is influenced by the type of substrates or by longitudinal portions in Cerrado streams. Our hypothesis is that prey and predator diversity will be determined by the type of substrate, assuming that the substrate serves as a source for foraging and / or refuge. In addition, the folhiço substrate will present greater abundance and richness due to the availability of shelter and food provided by this type of substrate. There will be differences in prey and predator composition among substrates, since some species have associations with the substrate type. The portions of the stream will have no effect on the diversity of prey and predator, since in streams of up to third order does not present considerable changes in physical characteristics. The study was carried out in nascent (1st order), intermediate (2nd) and estuary (3rd), in two streams, during dry and rainy periods. Five subsamples of sand, gravel, rocks or boulders were collected, backwaters, rapids and roots (substrate). The substrate influenced all prey and predator responses (abundance, richness and composition), but the environment (longitudinal portions) did not influence the abundance and predator composition. The influence of substrates on the diversity of prey and predators evidences the importance of riparian vegetation as a source of allochthonous material in bedside streams.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de fatores abióticos sobre Brachymetra albinervis albinervis (Heteroptera: Gerridae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12) GIEHL, Núbia França Da Silva; BRASIL, Leandro Schlemmer; FONSECA, Paula Viana Barros; SILVA, Karina Dias da; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos
We analyzed the influence of abiotic factors, longitudinal and temporal distribution on the abundance of Brachymetra albinervis albinervis Amyot & Serville, 1843. Three sites of Cerrado stream were assessed: headwater, intermediary and river mouth, monthly for a year (June 2011 to May 2012). At each site, the following abiotic variables were monthly measured in a linear 100 meters transect: dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, width and depth of the stream. Were collected 111 specimens. The river mouth presented lower abundance when compared with others sites (F(2,9) = 13.721, p = 0.001). The periods of the year (rain, ebb, dry or early rains), there was no differences in the abundance. Thus, the abundance of B. a. albinervis analyzed for one year showed variation only in the streams longitudinal distribution, which was attributed to the effect of environmental changes in the river mouth, where presented lower abundance and less environmental integrity. These results contribute to the ecological knowledge of this species and discusses the change in the occurrence and abundance this species due to alteration in aquatic environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de atividades de subsistência de ribeirinhos sobre a heterogeneidade ambiental e a diversidade de insetos aquáticos em diferentes níveis espaciais de riachos amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09) COSENZA, Jorge Felipe Abreu; FARIA, Ana Paula Justino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6041546003155327; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-5358; SANTOS, Raphael Ligeiro Barroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7227882802366966; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9717-5461
The deleterious effects of large-scale impact activities such as agriculture, intensive ranching, dam construction and mining on Amazonian biodiversity have been constantly studied. On the other hand, the effects of smaller-scale impact activities are neglected. An example is the activities practiced by traditional populations, such as riverside populations, who have lived for generations on the banks of rivers and streams in the Amazon basin. There are still few studies that evaluate the effects of anthropic activities considered to have less impact on the diversity patterns of aquatic insects at different spatial scales using taxonomic and functional approaches concurrently. Thus, we evaluated how subsistence activities practiced by riverside populations affect the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of aquatic insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera - (EPT), at different spatial levels (between sampling units within streams and between streams). We tested the hypotheses that (H1) the altered streams have less environmental heterogeneity among themselves and the composition of environmental characteristics different from the control streams; (H2) altered streams have lower alpha taxonomic and functional diversity than control streams; (H3) the taxonomic and functional beta diversity between sampling units and between altered streams is lower than between sampling units and control streams; (H4) the beta diversity observed between sampling units and between altered streams is generated primarily by richness difference, while between sampling units and control streams, the replacement of species/functional groups predominates. We conclude that the disturbance caused by the riverside populations subsistence activities, specially navigation, altered the characteristics of the habitats and, in certain aspects, the EPT assemblages of the streams of the Caxiuanã region. Beta diversity patterns did not change, but there was a loss and increase in abundance of some genera as a result of the changes. Thus, the maintenance of beta diversity is not necessarily a sign of high diversity and ecological integrity, as the increased variation in the composition of these assemblages may be a result of the loss of sensitive species and the increase of more generalist species. The functional approach responded similarly to the taxonomic one in all environments and spatial levels, which suggests that this effect is dependent on the biological group analyzed and on the type and intensity of change in the environment. The activities practiced by the riverside populations altered the local community of aquatic insects in a less impactful way compared to other activities commonly practiced in the Amazon, such as logging, agriculture, palm plantation, grazing and mining. To reduce a possible loss of species in the streams in the region, it is necessary to maintain the natural conditions of the habitats, such as a high density of vegetation cover on the banks, a large number of leaf banks in the riverbed and a high frequency of slow flows.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effects of environmental factors on community structure of Leptophlebiidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Cerrado streams, Brazil
(2013-09) BRASIL, Leandro Schlemmer; SHIMANO, Yulie; BATISTA, Joana Darc; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos
We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on abundance, species richness, and functional group richness of Leptophlebiidae in 16 sampling points along four Cerrado streams. Across three periods of 2005, we collected 5,492 larvae from 14 species in stream bed substrate. These species belong to three functional feeding groups: scrapers, filtering collectors and shredders. The abundance and species richness were not affected by water quality, but habitat quality related to presence of riparian vegetation had positive effects on the abundance of shredders. Our results add important information on the natural history of the species and functional groups of aquatic insects and also provide relevant data for the monitoring and conservation of streams in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ephemeroptera (Insecta) no Brasil: estado da arte, amostragem, influências e distribuição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
In this thesis we aimed to contribute to the ecological knowledge about the Ephemeroptera order in Brazil in order to decrease Wallacean, Prestonian and Hutchinsonian shortfalls related to these organisms. For this purpose, we worked with bibliographic data and field sampling, which resulted in six chapters. We summarized bibliographic information about Brazilian Ephemeroptera studies in the first chapter and for the others, we used data from collections performed in Brazilian Amazonia, also for the last chapter, we have used both dataset from collected and bibliographic source. In the first chapter, we performed a scienciometric analysis about Ephemeroptera studies in Brazil, then we have found the main gaps: absence of studies in some Brazilian states and records of families, need of studies about phylogeny, need of improvement of taxonomic resolution in ecological studies, and deficit of knowledge about environmental variables affecting Ephemeroptera distribution. In the second chapter, we proposed new sampler (circular handnet) and sampling design (150-meters along streams) to be used in ecological studies. We tested in the third chapter the effectiveness of our own methodology, where applied to verify whether 15 subsamples are enough to represent mayflies fauna (instead 20 subsamples), also discontinuos sampling are better than continuous, and if the taxonomic resolution between species and genera are highly concordants. In the fouth chapter, the community was analysed in a regional scale, where we verified differences in environment structure of streams and species composition according to interfluves and scales (local or regional). In the fifth chapter, we tested if River Hypothesis is valid for mayflies communities in Brazilian Amazon, where we found the largest rivers acting as geographic barriers structuring mayflies distribution, as well as the connection of drainage basins also affected Ephemeroptera distribution. Finally, in the last chapter we made a study of case through a new approach of Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN). In this chapter, we found Miroculis as a genus associated to forested areas while Ulmeritoides was associatedrelated to oil palm plantation areas;With this thesis, we increased records and knowledge of Amazonian mayflies, by reducing gaps in relation to distribution (Wallacean deficit), abundance (Prestonian defict) and environmental answers from these organisms (Hutchinsonian deficit).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura e composição da comunidade de Trichoptera (Insecta) de rios e áreas alagadas da bacia do rio Suiá-Miçú, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(2011-09) NOGUEIRA, Denis Silva; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; JUEN, Leandro
The composition, abundance and species diversity of Trichoptera immatures was studied in 12 tributaries of Suiá-Miçú River Basin, a mosaic of wetlands, streams and rivers tributary of the Xingu River in the Cerrado-Amazonian Forest transition zone in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The varying sizes, flow types and conservation levels of the tributaries were sampled through three periods between 2007 and 2008 by the use of fixed transects along the environments margins. A total of 867 larvae was collected (divided in seven families, 17 genera, 49 species/morphospecies) with the most abundant and rich families being Hydropsychidae and Leptoceridae and the most abundant species Leptonema sparsum (n = 370). There has been loss of species richness in impacted, large and lentic environments. Composition variations related to the flow, the vegetation type and the interaction between conservation levels and flow was detected. Conservation levels, width and the quantitative habitat integrity index (HII) did not influence the Trichoptera composition. These results may encourage further investigation of impact effects on aquatic insect compositions and pattern of distribution in the transition area between the Cerrado and the Amazonian Forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Histórico do uso da terra e composição de gerromorpha (insecta: subordem heteroptera) em igarapés da Transxingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-28) COSTA, Iluany da Silva; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995
The Amazon Forest faces threats due to the increasing exploitation of natural resources driven by the economic growth of the region, intensified since the exploitation of rubber between 1879 and 1912. Since the 1960s, the government has implemented economic development programs, territorial occupation and construction of highways, such as BR-230, also known as Transamazônica. This highway had a significant impact on the southwest region of Pará, especially in the Xingu River basins, contributing to disorderly deforestation and harming biodiversity, especially on the banks of water bodies. To deal with environmental problems, several analysis and monitoring methods have been developed, including remote sensing, which allows large areas to be studied in a short time. Biological monitoring is also used, as some organisms, such as aquatic insects from the infraorder Gerromorpha, are sensitive to environmental changes and can indicate the quality of the habitat. Therefore, a recent study analyzed the history of land use in the region over the last 30 years and evaluated the composition of the Gerromorpha infraorder in Transxingu streams. A large loss of vegetation cover has been observed in recent decades, especially close to roads, often related to livestock farming. However, there has been a reduction in deforestation over time, possibly due to conservation measures, such as the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm), creation of extractive reserves, recognition of indigenous lands and the Cadastre Rural Environmental (CAR). In the study of the composition of the Gerromorpha infraorder in the Transxingu streams, it was found that many samples were influenced by deforestation over the years. Furthermore, it was found that the integrity index of the stream's physical habitat can be more effective than geospatial metrics in assessing environmental impact. Although there were no significant differences in the Gerromorpha community between preserved and altered environments, a variation in the abundance of these organisms was noticed along environmental gradients. This indicates that the community responds to changes in the environment, regardless of the presence of specific bioindicator species. Therefore, there is a need for more studies in highly preserved environments to better understand these dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Histórico do uso da terra e composição de gerromorpha (insecta: subordem heteroptera) em igarapés da Transxingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-28) COSTA, Iluany da Silva; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995
The Amazon Forest faces threats due to the increasing exploitation of natural resources driven by the economic growth of the region, intensified since the exploitation of rubber between 1879 and 1912. Since the 1960s, the government has implemented economic development programs, territorial occupation and construction of highways, such as BR230, also known as Transamazônica. This highway had a significant impact on the southwest region of Pará, especially in the Xingu River basins, contributing to disorderly deforestation and harming biodiversity, especially on the banks of water bodies. To deal with environmental problems, several analysis and monitoring methods have been developed, including remote sensing, which allows large areas to be studied in a short time. Biological monitoring is also used, as some organisms, such as aquatic insects from the infraorder Gerromorpha, are sensitive to environmental changes and can indicate the quality of the habitat. Therefore, a recent study analyzed the history of land use in the region over the last 30 years and evaluated the composition of the Gerromorpha infraorder in Transxingu streams. A large loss of vegetation cover has been observed in recent decades, especially close to roads, often related to livestock farming. However, there has been a reduction in deforestation over time, possibly due to conservation measures, such as the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm), creation of extractive reserves, recognition of indigenous lands and the Cadastre Rural Environmental (CAR). In the study of the composition of the Gerromorpha infraorder in the Transxingu streams, it was found that many samples were influenced by deforestation over the years. Furthermore, it was found that the integrity index of the stream's physical habitat can be more effective than geospatial metrics in assessing environmental impact. Although there were no significant differences in the Gerromorpha community between preserved and altered environments, a variation in the abundance of these organisms was noticed along environmental gradients. This indicates that the community responds to changes in the environment, regardless of the presence of specific bioindicator species. Therefore, there is a need for more studies in highly preserved environments to better understand these dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência das características morfológicas e do habitat físico sobre a capacidade de dispersão de Odonata em igarapés amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-01) PEREIRA, Silvia Rafaela Alves; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6188-4386; KOROIVA, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3262687790057613; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-0824
Species' dispersal capacity is directly related to their individual morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics and to the ecological context in which they live. Species with a lower dispersal capacity tend to be more vulnerable to climate change and more intensive land use. This is due to the loss of vegetation cover and fragmentation leading to a change in habitat connectivity and thermal conditions in the environment. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting the dispersal capacity of adult Odonata in Amazonian streams, focusing on morphological traits and the effects of land use and environmental integrity. We tested the hypotheses: i) body size, thorax volume, and wing base width are positively related to dispersal capacity and wing aspect ratio is negatively related to dispersal capacity; ii) greater forest cover and habitat integrity are negatively related to dispersal capacity, as a larger canopy filters out individuals with lower flight ability. The study was conducted in 12 streams in Barcarena, Pará, Brazil. We used the mark-recapture method and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. We considered landscape variables (forest formation and pasture), physical habitat variables (channel cover, undergrowth, channel width, habitat integrity index, and temperature), morphological variables (total body length, thoracic volume, and wing aspect ratio) and we used dispersal capacity (distance in meters) as a response variable. 541 individuals were tagged (n=466 Zygoptera e n=75 Anisoptera). The recapture rate was 29% for Zygoptera and 1.4% for Anisoptera. Most of the individuals recaptured were males belonging to the genera Mnesarete, Argia and Hetaerina. Approximately 91% of the individuals moved less than 60 meters. The results, which related only to Zygoptera, partially confirmed the first hypothesis: wing aspect ratio was negatively related to dispersal capacity, suggesting that shorter and wider wings are associated with greater flight ability. However, no direct relationship was found between habitat integrity or forest formation and dispersion, but forest formation and channel width influenced the morphology of individuals' wing aspect ratio. These patterns suggest that genera occurring in forested environments, such as Heteragrion, which have a higher wing aspect ratio, have a lower dispersal capacity, while those adapted to higher temperatures and light availability, such as Mnesarete and Hetaerina, have a lower wing aspect ratio and greater dispersal capacity. We emphasize the vulnerability of individuals with lower dispersal capacity to changes in their aquatic habitats and changes in the surrounding terrestrial landscape due to loss of vegetation cover.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrão de distribuição de larvas de EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) em riachos na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03) RAMOS, Thaiz Maria; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6188-4386; KOROIVA, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3262687790057613; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-0824
Dispersal is the movement of organisms between habitats in the landscape. It is essential for the establishment of species in new locations and for the maintenance of genetic diversity in the region. Its efficiency depends on the dispersal capacity of individual species, environmental variables and the distance between habitats. The mechanisms of community structuring and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic invertebrates have been assessed using approaches based on species' functional traits, but the use of this method to determine species' dispersal potential is still understudied. Therefore, the dispersal potential of most species is determined indirectly based on functional traits and mainly using expert knowledge. Based on this scenario, the aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the dispersal pattern of EPT larvae (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and attempt to classify the dispersal potential of genera based on functional dispersal traits and relate these traits to environmental variables. The dissertation is divided into two chapters. In Chapter 1, we examine how functional dispersal traits of EPT larvae are related to environmental conditions of rivers in the eastern Amazon. Most of the traits and their categories were negatively or positively related to some of the nine physicochemical variables selected in the study. Thus, we confirm the fact that environmental conditions influence the composition of functional dispersal traits. In Chapter 2, we classify the dispersal potential of the genera of EPT larvae based on the functional dispersal traits and after consultation with experts of each order. The Ephemeroptera was the order with the most genera with high dispersal potential, while the Plecoptera genera had medium and low values for dispersal. The Trichoptera genera had very different values for dispersal potential. We also investigated whether the dispersal ability of EPT larval genera was reflected in their abundance and prevalence in the rivers of eastern Amazonia, which was not confirmed. In our study, we found that functional traits, whether related to dispersal or not, are excellent tools to be used as proxies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrão de distribuição de Odonata (Insecta) em sistemas aquáticos com exploração de madeira na Amazônia Oriental: seleção de microhabitat e características morfológicas das libélulas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-06) CALVÃO , Lenize Batista; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões de estruturação de adultos de libélulas em uma área de proteção e seu entorno na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-30) MONTEIRO JÚNIOR, Cláudio da Silva; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
In Brazil is the most protected areas (PA) in the world, and mostly located in the Amazon. Currently, the Amazon biome has 73% of APs Brazil or 111 million hectares, 37% full and 63% use of sustainable use. Despite the large number, biodiversity does not have its assured conservation, since the population increases every year, as well as demands for goods and services that result in modifications of the ecosystems that are often outside or even inside the PAs. So our main objective is to study the Odonata adult structuring patterns in a protected area and its surroundings. For this, the thesis is divided into three chapters held in streams in the eastern Amazon. In the first chapter, our hypothesis was to test whether we would find a greater diversity of species of dragonflies in AP due to greater complexity of habitats. In the second chapter, we tested the hypothesis that there would be high beta diversity due to the high replacement species that is expected to find. In the third chapter, we tested the hypothesis that Odonata would be a weak to moderate substitute for other groups, because of the inherent characteristics of the group, as the great mobility. The study was carried out in 30 streams, 17 located within a protected and 13 in the surrounding area. The results of the first chapter were the largest diversity of Odonata found in the environment, compared with the AP. There were also differences in the species composition of the two environments, and differences between environmental variables between areas. Thus, the combination of the protected area and the surroundings, with a low level of disturbance retains a broad range of specialist species Odonata than just a single area. In the second chapter, there was a high beta diversity in Odonata both the AP and in the environment, possibly explained by the niche breadth combined with the spatial structure of the environment. In addition, we found that the specific requirement of the species happens associated with a natural variation in the environment, since there was large beta diversity and high turnover in both environments. Even with some environmental change, it was not big or strong enough to exclude all species and therefore they can survive in this environment. In the third chapter, we tested the correlation between adult Odonata with other aquatic groups such as fish, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera combined (ET) and chironomids in streams of the Eastern Amazon. There was a correlation between species richness and consistency of Odonata of adults with fish and ET, though the strength of these correlations were moderate to low. So we discussed that adult Odonata are a moderate to weak group substitute for other aquatic organisms in streams of the eastern Amazon. Thus, we suggest caution in the use of a single taxon as a substitute for others and for conservation planning, the best would be to use a wide range of taxa, reflecting holistically aquatic biodiversity. Finally, both areas of protection becomes important to maintain the pool of own species of each environment, with our major challenge in the future is to find a way to identify the disturbance levels that would be acceptable to avoid over-exploitation of resources in these areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Similaridade morfológica e seus efeitos na distribuição da assembleias de percevejos semiaquáticos (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) em igarapés da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-07) GUTERRES, Alana Patricia Meguy; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; SILVA, Rogério Rosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5989181105383977
Studies on patterns of distribution and coexistence of species in natural communities are gaining prominence in the area of community ecology, as they serve as a basis for other studies, such as conservation studies, theoretical ecology and others. In this study, we used the aquatic insects of the Heteroptera Suborder (Infraorder Gerromorpha) to evaluate the relationship between morphological similarity and Gerromorpha coexistence patterns. Two hypotheses were tested: (i) the existence of morphological divergence between coexisting species; (ii) the environment has a low influence on the co-occurrence pattern of the species. The study was done in 32 creeks (streams) in and around a conservation unit in the Eastern Amazon. The hypothesis about morphological divergence between semiaquatic insect species and absence of an environmental effect in the assemblies was corroborated. Species of the Gerromorpha community presented a pattern of non-random co-occurrence. The morphological divergence between species may be the result of intense interspecific competition. In the Gerromorpha assemblages studied, the competition relations were more important than the environment, resulting in the displacement of morphological characters, with coexistent species more distant morphologically than expected for the evaluated models.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Study of the mayfly order Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Brazil: a scienciometric review
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12) SHIMANO, Yulie; SALLES, Frederico Falcão; JUEN, Leandro
Study of the mayfly order Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Brazil: a scienciometric review. Despite an increase in the number of studies in recent years of the aquatic insect order Ephemeroptera (the mayflies) much still remains to be learnt. In order to identify the current state of knowledge of this group in Brazil, we performed a scienciometric analysis with the purpose of identifying the strong and weak points of Brazilian research into the group. Our research used the "Institute for Scientific Information - ISI" database and was based on the abstracts, titles and keywords of manuscripts published between 1992 and 2011. We selected the papers with the combination of the words "Ephemeroptera" and "Brazil*" based on a search in February 2012. We analyzed 92 articles, and noted a lack of studies in some Brazilian states, no specific studies about some families, and an absence of phylogenetic studies. To improve ecological studies, it is necessary to fine-tune taxonomic resolution. Moreover, there is a lack of studies investigating the environmental variables which influence the distribution of mayflies. Despite these gaps, if the rate of publication with mayflies proceeds at the same pace, we anticipate that many of these knowledge gaps will be closed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Taxonomia de Dasythemis (Karsch, 1889) (Odonata: Libellulidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11) MIRANDA FILHO, Jair da Costa; VILELA, Diogo Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3091410701509383; NASCIMENTO, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3880118795645876; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7495
Among the insects of the order Odonata, the suborder Anisoptera stands out for its cosmopolitan distribution and high dispersal capacity. This is made easier by their broad, non-petiolate wings, with a developed anal area on the hind wings. When perched, individuals of this suborder are recognizable by keeping their wings open. They also have a robust body and high flight capacity. Anisoptera is currently divided into five superfamilies: Aeshnoidea, Petaluroidea, Gomphoidea, Cordulegastroidea and Libelluloidea. Libelluloidea includes the most diverse and ubiquitous family, Libellulidae, which includes the target group of this study. Dasythemis is endemic to South America and has a complex taxonomic history. The lack of recent studies highlights significant gaps in understanding the diversity, taxonomy and geographical distribution of species in this group. Considering this, the present research aimed to fill these gaps through a detailed review of the literature, analysis of material collected from different regions, and a comprehensive study of morphology. To achieve this, 168 specimens from 11 institutions in three South American countries - Argentina, Brazil and Peru - were analyzed. The specimens were identified based on general identification keys and original descriptive works. For the redescriptions, the wing terminologies followed the proposal by Riek and Kukalová-Peck (1984), with modifications by Bechly (1996). The nomenclature of other morphological structures was based on Asahina (1945) and Garrison et al. (2006). Photographs were taken using a stereomicroscope equipped with a camera and illuminated by an LED dome for uniform lighting. As a result, all species and one subspecies were redescribed in a standardized manner, employing features used in more recent studies on the group. All species were illustrated with photographs; additionally, the vesica spermalis was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), illustrating this structure in detail for the first time.
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Taxonomia de Stenochironomus Kieffer, 1919 (Diptera: Chironomidae) da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02) SOUSA, Arthur Felipe Diniz; DANTAS, Galileu Petronilo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1581395125825780; NASCIMENTO, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3880118795645876; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7495
Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) is a diverse and cosmopolitan group whose taxonomy is mainly based on the morphology of adult male genitalia. This genus was revised by Borkent (1984), who developed identification keys for larvae, pupae, and adults from the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic regions. Additionally, the author proposed the subdivision of the genus into two subgenera based on the morphology and habitat of immatures and larvae: Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) Borkent for leaf-mining species, and Stenochironomus s. str. Kieffer for trunk-mining larvae. There are approximately 112 species of Stenochironomus distributed worldwide (except in Antarctica), of which 39 occur in the Neotropical region and 30 in Brazil, with 27 recorded in the Amazon region. However, some immature stages of Neotropical Stenochironomus are still unknown: among the 39 species described for the region, 24 have described pupae, and 18 have described larvae. Based on this, the present work aims to conduct a taxonomic study of Stenochironomus from the Amazon. To this goal, material from previous collections conducted by the Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Cytotaxonomy (INPA) in the Brazilian Amazon was analyzed. The association with immature stages was made possible through the collection of submerged leaves colonized by Stenochironomus larvae, which were transported to the laboratory for rearing until the emergence of adults. Material collected using Malaise and Pennsylvania traps was also analyzed. As result, eight new species were identified for the genus, of which five were described by associating their developmental stages with males, one was described based on males and pupae, and two were described based solely on males. Furthermore, the distribution of Stenochironomus figueiredoensis Danta, Hamada & Mendes, Stenochironomus liviae Danta, Hamada & Mendes, and Stenochironomus roquei Dantas, Hamada & Mendes was expanded to the state of Acre. Thus, this study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of Stenochironomus in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon rainforest, by expanding the number of known species in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso da abordagem diversidade funcional na estrutura das comunidades de macroinvertebrados aquáticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) ANDRADE, Ana Luiza; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099; FERREIRA, André Luiz Netto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1272360228203358
Aquatic macroinvertebrates are largely used to evaluate the health and functioning of lotic ecosystems. These organizations operate in maintenance of ecosystem processes and are responsible for nutrient cycling and energy flow. But understand the mechanisms that structure such communities is still a challenge to ecological studies, with that comes the need to study new approaches and metrics investigative In this context it was inserted the functional diversity whose approach is based on morphological, physiological or behavioral characteristics of the species that play a role in the community or ecosystem.. In this sense, we did a literature review to investigate the trends and global gaps of functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates of lotic systems. Studies with this approach are relatively new to the group and showed a rapid growth over the years, but has been little used in neotropical regions. Among the investigated items found variations in basic concepts of functional approach between the articles, which can lead to erroneous interpretations. We also find that the functional responses of aquatic insects were more abundant among the macroinvertebrates and more frequently in studies evaluating the effect of environmental impacts anthropic. At last, we tested the applicability of the functional diversity approach. We evaluated the functional and taxonomic responses of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera of streams inserted in areas of oil palm plantations comparing them to streams of forested areas of Eastern Amazon. We found that the abundance of EPT differ among communities, being higher in plantations, while the species richness was greater in the forest, with the loss of nine genera EPT in oil palm streams. Even with this biological loss, functional diversity did not differ between communities. However, when we analyze the characteristics of the environment, there were differences in pH, number of trunks and proximity to roads, and these, along with water temperature were able to select the attributes functional trophic habit and body size in the EPT community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) com base em sua especificidade ambiental em riachos impactados pela mineração na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03) PÉREZ, Juan Mateo Rivera; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-4386; FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7380463661182614; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-4719
Knowing aquatic diversity and understanding how different species are distributed in time and space has become one of the main focuses of research in ecology in recent decades. This is mainly due to the rapid environmental changes caused by human activities. In this scenario, aquatic insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) are used to monitor environmental conditions because they are sensitive to these changes. The intensity of the response depends directly on the breadth of the niche of each taxon given the variability and changes in the habitat. With the general objective of investigating the effects of iron mining based on the environmental specificity of EPT in streams of the Carajás National Forest in Pará, over six years, this dissertation is divided into two chapters. In the first, we classified EPT taxa into generalists and specialists and evaluated whether the estimated abundance and richness of these groups vary according to the level of alteration of the streams impacted by mining activities. In the second, we evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of the beta diversity of generalist and specialist EPT. In both studies, EPT data sampled annually in 24 streams over six years were used in streams conserved and impacted by mining in the Carajás Flona. A total of 49,922 individuals distributed in 59 genera were collected, of which 31 were classified as specialists and 28 as habitat generalists. In the first chapter, we verified that there was a negative effect of mining on the estimated wealth and a positive effect on the abundance of specialist genera. On the other hand, the abundance and estimated wealth of generalists were negatively influenced by the mining effect. In the second chapter, no differences were found in gender composition or heterogeneity between treatments. However, over time, both generalists and specialists changed their composition. Mining affects the communities of EPT generalists and specialists, in particular, specialists from sites impacted by mining that showed an increase in their abundances, possibly due to the expansion of habitat made available by the process of habitat homogenization. For generalists, gender loss was the main component in temporal beta diversity, while specialists showed gender gains and losses. Therefore, mining has affected communities of both generalist and specialist groups over the years, despite their habitat specificity, presenting different patterns of environmental changes.