Navegando por Assunto "Jato de ar quente"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos supressivos da apresentação contingente e não contingente do jato de ar quente em Rattus norvegicus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-05) GASPAR, Christian Diego de França; MAYER, Paulo César Morales; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5360949596306254; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the suppressive effects of the contingent and noncontingent presentation of hot air blast (HAB), if tested in situations like those required to produce this effect with electric shock. After the pressure training the bar phase and the identification of the baseline, six rats were divided into two groups with three animals each. The groups were exposed to twenty sessions in each phase (baseline, test phase and reconditioning), but for the Punishment Group (PUN) the HAB was administered in a contingent manner by pressing the bar in a joint scheme of VI 30s punishment + VI 30s reinforcement, while for the Yoked Group (ACO) the HAB occurred in a non-contingent manner, due to the occurrence in the Punishment Group, superimposed on a reinforcement scheme (VI 30s). In the end of the experiment, the percentage suppression index was 73% for PUN group and 49% for ACO group. The identified differential suppression was the missing element to legitimize HAB as a punitive stimulus capable of suppressing previously established responses and of testing the generality of aversive events with electric shock in basic experimental procedures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O jato de ar quente como estímulo aversivo: delineamento de sujeito único e sensibilização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-10) PUREZA, Heloisa Quaresma; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Previous studies which tested the Hot Air Blast (HAB) as an alternative stimulus to electric shock only used between-groups designs although the single-subject designs also are appropriate to examine behavioral measures. One of this studies proposed that the presence of light during the experimental session would affect the aversive function of the HAB, making it more effective in suppressing operant bar-pressing response. The aim of this study was (a) evaluate the aversive function of JAQ on a single subject design and (b) to test the hypothesis about the increase of the suppressive function of HAB in the presence of light. To test this, 16 albino rats were divided into two groups and exposed to three experimental phases. In Pre-Punishment phase lasted a multiple schedule in which two components (light/dark) succeeded randomly every two minutes, both on a VI 30sec contingency. In Punishment phase, the same experimental conditions were maintained, but the aversive contingency (in FR1) was superimposed on the VI 30sec. during the light component, for group Punishment light (PL), and the dark component, for group Punishment Dark (PD). In the Post-Punishment phase, aversive contingency was suspended for both groups. The results showed that subjects emitted high rates of bar-pressure responses during the Pre-Punishment and Post-Punishment, but this behavior was suppressed during the punishment components in Punishment phase. The results also showed no differences in the suppression of operant bar-pressing response when the HAB was presented in the presence or absence of light (Punishment phase). Therefore, once again the HAB was effective as a punisher stimulus for operant responses and the presence or absence of light, under the manipulated conditions, did not change the aversive function of the HAB.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Jato de ar quente como estímulo aversivo: uma investigação sobre as respostas eliciadas e induzidas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-19) SILVA, Gisele Fernandez da; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The Hot Air Blast (HAB) is an aversive stimulus that has been used as an alternative stimulus for the electric shock. However, little is known about the responses elicited and/or induced by it. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible responses elicited and/or induced by the HAB in two different experiments. In Experiment 1 the HAB was presented in a non-contingently schedule (VT3min, in a single 40min session). In Experiment 2 the HAB was presented in a contingent schedule, punishing the bar press response (FR1 + VI60s reinforcement for approximately 18 sessions). Five rats were used for each experiment and an adapted operant conditioning chamber. The main induced responses observed in Experiment. 1 were crouching: flat-back, walking, sniffing and visual scan. In Experiment. 2 the observed responses were: placing itself on the bar, sniffing the ceiling, contact with the body, rising, and visual scan. It was also observed a decrease of the response of inserting the head into the feeder. The results of both experiments point to some specific responses of staying away from the feeder and bar region and may be considered concurrent of the bar press operant response. The observed response suppression with the use of the HAB may be, therefore, explained through Skinner's asymmetric proposition for the punishment.