Navegando por Assunto "Jatos de ar quente"

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Discriminação com três tipos de contingências supressivas: extinção, punição e extinção + punição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FARIAS, Danielle Chaves de; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
In studies on stimulus control is predominantly used reinforcement in SD and Extinction in SΔ to establish a simple discrimination. Few studies used Punishment in SΔ to establish such a differential responding, however, most of those produced faster learning than traditionally achieved with extinction only. When this type of procedure was used, in general, the electric shock was used as punishment. Carvalho Neto and Cols. have experimented a hot air blast (HAB) as an aversive alternative stimulus and so far successed in suppressive contexts (contingent and non contingent presentation) and negative reinforcement (escape and avoidance). Carvalho Neto and Farias (2006) and Carvalho Neto and Costa (2008) tested the HAB as suppressor in SΔ seeking to produce a light/dark discrimination and punitive contingencies in these studies were more effective than the traditional. However, some methodological problems were identified in these studies that limited their conclusions. This study sought to control some of these variables, in particular, the passage of fixed time and type of scheme in place. Six male rats were divided into three conditions: Extinction, Punishment and Extinction+Punishment. An operant conditioning box adapted to HAB was used. The procedure for the three conditions was the same, except for the sessions of Discrimination Training (reinforcement in SD for all conditions and during SΔ: Extinction for the extinction condition, Punishment for the Punishment condition and Punishment+Extinction for Punishment+Extinction condition). The subjects of the conditionsin wich the punishment was used showed a discriminated responding while the subjects assigned to Extinction condition failed to produce this responding pointing that the use of aversive control was more efficient that the traditional procedure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O jato de ar quente como estímulo punidor em rattus norvegicus
(2005-12) CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; MAESTRI, Thrissy Collares; TOBIAS, Gracy Kelly da Silva; RIBEIRO, Thalita Coutinho; COUTINHO, Eduarda Cristina Notargiacomo Novaes; MICCIONE, Mariana Morais; OLIVEIRA, Rita de Cássia Valente; FERREIRA, Fabiane Soraia da Silva; FARIAS, Danielle Chaves de; MOREIRA, Daniele
In experimental research on aversive control, electric shock has been predominantly used as a punisher stimulus. The present work describes the use of an apparatus that produces a hot air blast which can be an alternative stimulus to be used in research on aversive contingencies. The punishing function of the hot air blast was evaluated in both continuous (CRF) and intermittent (FR3) schedules and, in both cases, a partial suppression (98,4% and 71,15%, respectively) of the lever press responding was found, after a history of the continuous reinforcement. Suppression was bigger when the punishing stimulus was applied continuously and these data corroborate the data obtained with electric shock, described in the literature. Both the apparatus and the stimulus seemed to be appropriate from a technical and scientific perspective and the apparatus may become an attractive alternative from a financial standpoint.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Supressão condicionada com diferentes estímulos aversivos: choque elétrico e jato de ar quente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-07-23) NASCIMENTO, Gabriela Souza do; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
A neutral stimulus, once paired to an aversive unconditional stimulus, acquires aversive function of (conditional) and, indirectly, is also able to suppress operant response. This phenomenon was called of "conditioned suppression" and is connected to certain emotional states such as anxiety. The literature shows that, in general, aversive unconditional stimulus used is limited to electric shock: few alternative aversive stimuli tested have been proven effective. However, independently of shock when an aversive unconditional there are other variables that can directly influence the appearance of the phenomenon. In the present study, we examined and compared the production of conditioned suppression with two different aversive stimuli: hot air puff (HAP) and electric shock. Four albino rats were used (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar). The apparatus was two rodent operant conditioning chambers, one for the electric shock and another for a HAP. The subjects were divided into pairs and exposed to the pairing of a neutral stimulus with different aversive stimuli: sound + HAP (J1 and J2 Subject) and sound + electric shock (C1 and C2 Subject). The main results indicated that: when aversive stimulus was electric shock, the suppression was total (suppression ratio equals to 0.0) after 2(C1) or 3(C2) pairings. When aversive stimulus was HAP, the suppression was partial, and were necessary 8 (J1) and 7 (J2) parings to produce suppression ratio equals to 0.5, for one subject, and 0.2 to another. The analysis of other responses showed that on average there was an increase of 83.3% (J1) and 275% (J2) on the frequency of exploratory responses during the presentation of sound, in sessions of pairing with HAP, compared with the presentation of sound in the sessions of habituation, whereas for the subjects exposed to the shock was paired with a deletion of 44.2% (C1) and 57.1% (C2) in such responses. These data show that the suppression caused by the pairing of sound + shock to affect other classes of responses, different from the sound paired with HAP. The suppression produced by HAP seems to have been a result of the increase the in the frequency of exploratory responses. It is possible that the parameter intensity of HAP used in this experiment, was responsible for results. Future researchs are suggested to elucidate this aspect.