Navegando por Assunto "Justifications"

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Efeitos de histórias do ouvinte sobre o seguimento de regras discrepantes das contingências
(Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia, 2017-12) LIMA, Fernanda Monteiro; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva
Testing proposition by aiming on the listener’s history critical characteristics that may meddle on the discrepant-rule following, eight college students were exposed to a matching to sample procedure. The task was to point to the three comparison stimuli in a sequence. In Phase 1 no sequence was instructed or reinforced. Phase 2 begun with the rule corresponding to the contingencies. Contingencies effective in Phase 2 were shifted without warning in Phase 3. Contingencies in Phase 3 were kept unchanged in Phase 4, which started with the presentation of a discrepant rule. Six out of eight participants showed an independent behavior and two out of eight showed a dependent behavior from its immediate consequences in Phase 3. From those six out of eight participants showing an independent behavior, four managed to follow the discrepant-rule in Phase 4. And from the latter two out of eight showing a dependent behavior, all of them abandoned the discrepant-rule following in Phase 4. It is suggested that the behavior’s dependence and independence to its immediate consequences, before the discrepant-rule presentation, are critical variables of the listener’s history that may be used to foresee maintenance, or not, from the subsequent discrepant-rule following.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguir regras por participantes ortoréxicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-17) CARDOSO, Laís Caroline Ferreira; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Introduction: The investigation of the variables involved in the establishment and maintenance of food behavior is important, mainly because the food ingested interferes in the survival of the organism. Eating disorders such as Ortorexia Nervosa can trigger impairment of social interaction of individuals. It is assumed that orthorexic behavior is controlled by rules associated with justifications. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether participants who present a repertoire of behaviors classified as orthorexic, tend to follow general rules associated with justifications or only food rules. Method: To do this, in the first stage of the research, 200 nutrition students from two colleges in Belém do Pará, the inflexibility questionnaire (to find adherents or not to follow rules) and the Orto-15 questionnaire as a means of research of orthorexic behavior. In the second stage, 12 participants (6 inflexible and 6 flexible) were exposed to a computerized version of the procedure of choice to experimentally evaluate the competition between control by justification for rule follow-up and control for immediate consequences. There were 4 phases, where in all, only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced immediately with points and participants only progressed to subsequent phases if they reached the stipulated score. In Phase 1 only the mentioned sequences were reinforced with exchangeable points for money in a continuous reinforcement scheme. Phase 2 had the FCE sequence (shape, color and thickness) as discrepant and only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced. In Phases 3 and 4 the FCE discrepancy rule was associated with type 5 justifications (verbal antecedents of what to observe: reports that may indicate examples of behaviors to be followed and examples of behaviors not to be followed) and again only the sequences CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC were strengthened. Results: Of the 200 students, 72% had a risk for orthorexia. In the second stage of the experiment, we had 12 participants, where only 8 went to phase 3 (6 flexible and 2 inflexible), 4 of these participants had a risk for developing orthorexic behavior (2 inflexible and 2 flexible) the rule follow-up and only 1 followed the discrepant rule until the end. The study showed that participants at risk for the development of orthorexia are good adherents of rules favorable to healthy eating, but that this is not valid for general rules associated with justifications of type 5, because they were under control of the immediate consequences.